NHA Phlebotomy Practice Quiz Class 1

The correct answer is Thixotropic Gel/ Serum Separation. Thixotropic gel refers to a gel-like substance that becomes less viscous when subjected to agitation or shear stress. Serum separation is a process in which the blood sample is allowed to clot and then centrifuged to separate the liquid portion (serum) from the solid components. This process helps in obtaining a clear and separated serum sample for further analysis. Therefore, the additive of red/gray, red/black, SST (Serum Separator Tube) is a thixotropic gel that aids in serum separation.

A group of tests requested as one unit is called a profile. A profile is a collection of laboratory tests that are commonly ordered together to evaluate a specific aspect of a patient's health. It allows healthcare professionals to obtain a comprehensive overview of the patient's condition by examining multiple parameters simultaneously. Profiles are often used for screening, diagnosing, or monitoring certain diseases or conditions. They help streamline the testing process and provide a more efficient and holistic approach to patient care.

The correct answer is WIS (Winged Infustion Set). A butterfly is a term used to refer to a type of infusion set called a Winged Infusion Set (WIS). This set consists of a small, flexible plastic tube with wings on either side that help in securing the needle in place after it is inserted into a vein. The wings also provide stability and control during the infusion process. Therefore, "Butterfly" is another name for the Winged Infusion Set.

Edema is the accumulation of excessive water between tissues. This condition occurs when fluid leaks from blood vessels and collects in the surrounding tissues, leading to swelling and discomfort. Edema can be caused by various factors such as heart failure, kidney disease, liver disease, and certain medications. It is important to identify and treat the underlying cause of edema in order to manage the condition effectively.

If a patient has a syncopal episode during a blood draw, it is important to remove the needle first to prevent any injury or further complications. Removing the tourniquet after the needle is removed helps to restore normal blood flow and reduce the risk of fainting. This sequence of actions ensures the safety and well-being of the patient during the procedure.

Lipemic blood is described as serum with a milky appearance because it contains high levels of lipids, such as triglycerides, which make the serum appear cloudy or milky. This can occur due to various factors, such as a high-fat meal before blood collection or certain medical conditions like hyperlipidemia. The presence of lipids in the blood can interfere with laboratory tests and affect the accuracy of the results. Therefore, lipemic blood samples are often not suitable for certain diagnostic tests.

Post-prandial means "after a meal." This term is used to refer to the period of time following the consumption of food. It typically encompasses the physiological changes and processes that occur in the body as it digests and absorbs nutrients from the meal. Monitoring post-prandial blood sugar levels, for example, is important for individuals with diabetes to manage their condition effectively. Therefore, the correct answer is "After a meal."

A clean catch midstream urine sample is collected to perform microbiological urine testing. This type of sample collection method helps to minimize contamination from the genital area and provides a more accurate representation of the urine for testing. Microbiological urine testing is used to identify and diagnose urinary tract infections (UTIs) caused by bacteria or other microorganisms. It allows healthcare professionals to determine the type of bacteria present in the urine and select the appropriate antibiotic treatment.

Na Citrate (Sodium Citrate) is the correct answer because it is commonly used as an anticoagulant additive for light blue top tubes in blood collection. Sodium citrate prevents clotting by binding to calcium ions, which are necessary for the coagulation cascade. This allows for accurate measurement of coagulation factors and helps to maintain the integrity of the sample for testing. Oxalate is used as an anticoagulant for purple top tubes, APTT is a test to evaluate the intrinsic pathway of coagulation, and PT is a test to evaluate the extrinsic pathway of coagulation.

The recommended depth for an infant microcapillary collection should not exceed 2.0 mm. This depth is likely determined based on the size and fragility of an infant's capillaries. Going deeper than 2.0 mm may increase the risk of causing injury or discomfort to the infant.

The information that is not placed on a specimen is the diagnosis. A specimen refers to a sample or specimen of tissue or fluid that is collected for examination and analysis in a laboratory. While the name, date of birth (D.O.B), and source of the specimen may be recorded, the diagnosis, which is the identification of the specific disease or condition, is not typically included on the specimen itself. The diagnosis is usually determined by the healthcare provider or pathologist based on the analysis of the specimen.

The correct answer is Li / Na Heparin (Lithium Heparin / Sodium Heparin). Heparin is an anticoagulant that is commonly used in blood collection tubes to prevent blood from clotting. It works by inhibiting the formation of blood clots. In this case, the tube is specifically for collecting green top tubes, and the additive used in these tubes is a combination of lithium heparin and sodium heparin. These additives help to preserve the integrity of the blood sample and prevent clotting during storage and transportation. Sodium citrate, sodium fluoride, and potassium oxalate are additives used in other types of blood collection tubes for different purposes.

Plasma refers to the liquid component of blood that remains after the blood has been allowed to clot. It is distinct from serum, which is the liquid component of blood obtained after the blood has been allowed to clot and the clot has been removed. Therefore, plasma is the correct answer as it accurately describes the fluid portion of unclotted blood.

The correct answer is to carefully remove the sharps and report this safety hazard to the supervisor. This is the appropriate action to take because an overflowing sharps container poses a significant safety risk. Carefully removing the sharps ensures that you do not accidentally injure yourself or others, and reporting the hazard to the supervisor allows them to address the issue and prevent future incidents.

The correct ending for venipuncture is to remove the tourniquet, remove the tube, remove the needle, and apply pressure. This sequence ensures that the blood flow is stopped by removing the tourniquet, the blood sample is collected by removing the tube and needle, and finally, pressure is applied to the puncture site to prevent bleeding.

The most common cause of blood culture contamination is improper skin preparation. When collecting a blood culture sample, it is essential to properly clean the skin with an antiseptic solution to remove any bacteria that may be present on the surface. Failure to do so can introduce bacteria into the bloodstream, leading to contamination of the culture. This can result in false-positive results and potentially incorrect diagnosis and treatment decisions. Proper skin preparation is crucial to ensure accurate and reliable blood culture results.

The Red/Gray Top (SST) tube will give you a serum specimen. The SST tube contains a gel separator and clot activator, which helps in the separation of serum from the blood cells. The gel forms a barrier between the serum and the cells, allowing for easy separation. The clot activator promotes the clotting process, which further aids in the separation. Therefore, the Red/Gray Top (SST) tube is specifically designed for obtaining serum specimens.

Red blood cells are also known as erythrocytes. Erythrocytes are the most abundant type of blood cell and their main function is to transport oxygen from the lungs to the body's tissues and remove carbon dioxide from the tissues back to the lungs. They contain a protein called hemoglobin, which binds to oxygen and gives the cells their red color. Erythrocytes are produced in the bone marrow and have a unique biconcave shape that allows for increased surface area and flexibility to pass through narrow blood vessels.

Point of Care Testing refers to medical testing that is performed at or near the site where patient care is provided, such as at the bedside. This type of testing allows for immediate results and faster decision-making regarding patient treatment. It eliminates the need for samples to be sent to a laboratory and reduces the time it takes to receive test results. Therefore, the correct answer is "Done at Bedside."

A capillary is defined as a microscopic vessel. Capillaries are the smallest blood vessels in the body, with a diameter that is only slightly larger than that of a red blood cell. They connect arterioles and venules, allowing for the exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and waste products between the blood and surrounding tissues. Due to their small size and thin walls, capillaries are able to facilitate this exchange efficiently. Therefore, the correct answer is "Microscopic vessel."

Applying pressure to the site can prevent a hematoma by helping to control bleeding and allowing the blood vessels to seal. By applying pressure, the flow of blood is restricted, which reduces the chances of blood pooling and forming a hematoma. This technique is commonly used after drawing blood or inserting a needle to ensure that bleeding is minimized and the risk of hematoma formation is reduced.

Warming the site prior to dermal puncture increases blood flow to the site. This is because heat causes the blood vessels to dilate, allowing more blood to flow through them. The increased blood flow can help in several ways during dermal puncture. It can make it easier to locate and access a vein, as the veins become more visible and easier to palpate. It can also improve the success rate of the puncture by ensuring an adequate blood supply for sample collection. Additionally, increased blood flow can help in reducing the risk of hematoma formation and can potentially enhance the healing process after the puncture.

Testing for Phenylketonuria (PKU) is required in all states of the United States for newborns. PKU is a genetic disorder that affects the body's ability to break down an amino acid called phenylalanine. If left untreated, it can lead to intellectual disability and other serious health problems. Early detection through newborn screening allows for early intervention and management of the condition, preventing long-term complications. Therefore, testing for PKU is mandatory in all states to ensure the well-being of newborns.

The correct answer is to speak with the patient's guardians before performing the venipuncture to ensure the explanation is understood. This is important because patients with Down Syndrome may have difficulty understanding complex instructions or procedures. By speaking with the patient's guardians, the phlebotomist can ensure that they have the necessary information and can provide any additional support or clarification that may be needed during the procedure.

The question is asking for the option that is not part of a Complete Blood Count (CBC). A CBC is a blood test that measures various components of the blood, including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. Sickle cell, WBC, and Lavender are all components that can be measured in a CBC. However, APTT (Activated Partial Thromnboplastin Time) is a test that measures the time it takes for blood to clot, and it is not part of a CBC.

Hypoglycemia refers to low blood sugar levels. This condition occurs when the glucose levels in the blood drop below normal, leading to symptoms such as dizziness, shakiness, confusion, and fainting. It is commonly seen in individuals with diabetes who take insulin or certain medications to manage their blood sugar levels. Hypoglycemia can also be caused by skipping meals, excessive alcohol consumption, or certain medical conditions. Prompt treatment is necessary to raise blood sugar levels to prevent complications. Therefore, the correct answer is "Low Blood Sugar."

Arterial blood is the best sample for determinations of blood pH and blood gases because it is the blood that is oxygenated and carries nutrients to the body's tissues. Arterial blood is obtained by puncturing an artery, usually the radial artery, and it provides a more accurate representation of the body's acid-base balance and gas exchange compared to venous or capillary blood.

The correct answer is Lavender because ERS collection tubes are commonly used for the collection of urine samples. The lavender color indicates that the tube contains an anticoagulant called EDTA, which helps prevent the blood from clotting. This type of tube is used for various tests, such as complete blood count (CBC) and blood chemistry analysis.

If blood is drawn from the wrong patient, it is a serious medical error that can lead to harmful consequences, such as misdiagnosis or inappropriate treatment. The correct and immediate step is to notify the supervisor and follow your facility’s protocol for reporting and documenting the incident. This includes labeling the sample as potentially mislabeled, discarding it if required, and ensuring the correct patient is identified and redrawn. Transparency and timely action help prevent patient harm and uphold safety and accountability standards.

When a patient refuses a blood draw, it is important to immediately report the refusal and actions taken to the nurse. This is crucial for documentation purposes and to ensure that the refusal is properly recorded in the patient's medical records. By reporting the refusal promptly, the nurse can assess the situation, communicate with the patient, and determine the next appropriate steps. It is not advisable to proceed with the blood draw against the patient's wishes or move on to the next patient without addressing the refusal. Having the patient sign a document may be necessary in some cases, but the immediate reporting to the nurse takes priority.

C & S (Culture & Sensitivity) is a laboratory test that is used to identify the specific microorganism causing an infection and determine the most effective antibiotic treatment. Since microbiology is the branch of science that deals with the study of microorganisms, it is responsible for analyzing C & S. The microbiology department is equipped with the necessary tools and expertise to culture and identify microorganisms, as well as perform sensitivity testing to determine the most appropriate antibiotic therapy. Therefore, the microbiology department is the correct department to analyze C & S.

When state required testing of an infant's capillary blood is done, it is necessary to ensure that the circles on the filter paper are completely saturated. This is important because the filter paper is used to collect the blood sample, and if the circles are not saturated, it may result in an insufficient or inaccurate sample. Saturation of the circles ensures that an adequate amount of blood is collected for testing purposes.

Hematoma is the most common complication from phlebotomy. A hematoma occurs when there is bleeding under the skin, resulting in a localized collection of blood. This can happen if the needle punctures a blood vessel and causes blood to leak into the surrounding tissue. Hematomas can cause pain, swelling, and discoloration at the site of the phlebotomy. While allergic reactions, phlebitis, and hemolysis with contamination are also possible complications, hematoma is the most frequently encountered complication in phlebotomy procedures.

The correct order of draw for the given tests is Light Blue, Red, Green, and Lavender. The Light Blue tube is used for coagulation tests like PT/PTT. The Red tube is used for general chemistry tests like cardiac enzymes. The Green tube is used for ammonia level tests. The Lavender tube is used for complete blood count (CBC) tests. Therefore, the correct order of draw is Light Blue + Red + Green + Lavender.

Tubes containing anti-coagulants need to be inverted multiple times to ensure proper mixing of the blood with the anti-coagulant. This prevents clotting of the blood sample and allows for accurate test results. Inverting the tubes 8 times is the correct answer because it ensures thorough mixing and distribution of the anti-coagulant throughout the sample.

The correct answer is Chemistry Dept because a pregnancy test is a laboratory test that detects the presence of the hormone hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) in a woman's urine or blood. This test is typically performed in the chemistry department of a laboratory as it involves the analysis of chemical substances present in the sample. The chemistry department is responsible for conducting various tests and analyses related to chemical components and compounds, making it the appropriate department for conducting a pregnancy test.

Hemoconcentration is the correct answer because it refers to an increase in the proportion of formed elements (such as red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets) to plasma in the blood. When a tourniquet is left on for more than two minutes, it can restrict blood flow and cause hemoconcentration. This can lead to an increase in the concentration of blood cells and a decrease in plasma volume, which can have various effects on the body.

Hemolysis refers to the destruction of red blood cells. This can occur due to various factors such as infections, autoimmune disorders, or certain medications. When red blood cells are destroyed, they release their contents, including hemoglobin, into the surrounding fluid. This can lead to the release of free hemoglobin into the bloodstream, causing various symptoms such as anemia, jaundice, and organ damage. Hemolysis can be diagnosed through blood tests that measure the levels of free hemoglobin and other markers. Treatment depends on the underlying cause and may involve addressing the underlying condition, providing supportive care, or in severe cases, blood transfusions.

The correct answer is "Light Blue - Filled completely." In a coagulation study, blood is typically collected in a light blue top tube containing sodium citrate as an anticoagulant. The tube needs to be filled completely to ensure the correct blood-to-anticoagulant ratio, which is crucial for accurate coagulation testing. Filling the tube completely helps prevent clotting and ensures that the blood sample maintains its integrity during transportation and processing.

In this scenario, the appropriate response would be to get a female to perform the procedure/draw/test. This response respects the patient's religious beliefs and ensures their comfort and dignity during the medical procedure.

The appropriate angle to hold the slide when preparing a peripheral blood smear is 30 to 35 degrees. Holding the slide at this angle allows for an even distribution of blood across the slide, ensuring a well-spaced and properly stained smear. Holding the slide at a lower angle may result in a thick smear and overlapping cells, while holding it at a higher angle may result in a thin smear and inadequate cell distribution. Therefore, the recommended angle for preparing a peripheral blood smear is 30 to 35 degrees.

When a patient has an IV in one arm, it is generally recommended to draw blood from the opposite arm. This is because drawing blood from the same arm can cause contamination of the sample with the IV fluids or medications that are being administered. Drawing below the IV site may also increase the risk of contamination. Therefore, the opposite arm is the most appropriate choice to ensure accurate and uncontaminated blood samples.

The correct answer is "When more than one tube is being collected". When multiple tubes are being collected, a multi-sample needle is used. This type of needle allows for multiple tubes to be filled without having to remove and reinsert the needle each time. This saves time and reduces the risk of injury or discomfort to the patient.

The innermost layer of a blood vessel is called the endothelial layer. This layer is composed of endothelial cells, which form a smooth lining on the inside of blood vessels. The endothelial layer plays a crucial role in regulating blood flow, maintaining vascular tone, and preventing blood clot formation. It also helps in the exchange of nutrients and waste products between the blood and surrounding tissues.

The correct answer is the use of approved needle safety devices manufactured to cover the exposed needle immediately after the procedure. This is required by the BBP OSHA regulations to prevent needle stick injuries. By using safety devices that cover the needle, healthcare workers can minimize the risk of accidental needle sticks and potential exposure to bloodborne pathogens. This helps to ensure a safer working environment and protect the health and well-being of both healthcare workers and patients.

The correct answer is Hematology Dept because CBC (Complete Blood Count) and ESR (Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate) are commonly performed tests in the field of hematology. These tests provide important information about the different components of blood, such as red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets, as well as the rate at which red blood cells settle in a tube. Therefore, the Hematology Department is responsible for conducting these tests and interpreting the results.

Before blood donation, it is important to check the hematocrit or hemoglobin values of the donor. Hematocrit is a measure of the percentage of red blood cells in the total blood volume, while hemoglobin is the protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen. These values are crucial to determine if the donor has enough healthy red blood cells to safely donate blood. Low levels of hematocrit or hemoglobin may indicate anemia or other health issues, making the donor ineligible for donation to ensure their own well-being and the safety of the recipient.

Battery is the correct answer because it refers to the intentional act of touching another person without their consent. In legal terms, battery is considered a tort, which is a civil wrong that causes harm or injury to someone. Battery requires the element of intent, meaning that the person intentionally and knowingly touched another person without their permission. This can include physical contact such as hitting, punching, or even unwanted touching. Negligence, on the other hand, refers to a failure to exercise reasonable care, and it does not necessarily require intent.

The gray tube is used for glucose testing because it contains an additive called sodium fluoride, which acts as a preservative and an anticoagulant. Sodium fluoride prevents the breakdown of glucose in the blood sample, allowing for accurate glucose measurements. This tube is commonly used in laboratories and healthcare settings for glucose testing purposes.

The correct answer is "Employer." This is because the responsibility of maintaining a written exposure control plan lies with the employer. The exposure control plan outlines the measures and procedures that the employer must implement to protect employees from occupational exposure to bloodborne pathogens and other potentially infectious materials. It includes information about engineering controls, work practices, personal protective equipment, training, and medical surveillance. The employer is responsible for developing, implementing, and regularly reviewing and updating this plan to ensure the safety and health of employees.

The possible cause for the specimen hemolysis could be the use of a small needle (25 G). A smaller needle size can cause more damage to the red blood cells during the collection process, leading to hemolysis.

A fomite refers to inanimate objects or surfaces that can harbor and transmit infectious agents such as bacteria, viruses, or parasites. These objects can include doorknobs, countertops, bedding, or medical equipment. When contaminated, fomites can act as a source of infection if individuals come into contact with them and then touch their face or mouth, allowing the pathogens to enter their body. Therefore, fomites play a significant role in the transmission of diseases.

Autologous is the correct term used to describe a blood donation from a patient for later use in their own surgical procedure. This means that the patient donates their own blood before the surgery, which is then stored and transfused back into their body during the procedure. This helps to minimize the risk of complications and the need for blood transfusions from other donors.

Blood in a plain red tube takes approximately 30-60 minutes to clot. The clotting process involves the activation of various clotting factors in the blood, which eventually leads to the formation of a solid clot. The time required for clot formation can vary depending on factors such as the individual's clotting ability and the specific conditions in which the blood sample is handled. Therefore, the correct answer is 30-60 mins.

Neutrophils are a type of white blood cell and are considered phagocytes. Phagocytes are cells that have the ability to engulf and destroy bacteria and other foreign particles in the body. Neutrophils are known for their ability to quickly migrate to the site of infection and engulf bacteria through a process called phagocytosis. This helps in the defense against bacterial infections and plays a crucial role in the immune response. Therefore, the function of neutrophils is to act as phagocytes and engulf bacteria.

The average adult body contains approximately 5.0 liters of blood.

Capillary tubes are the collection devices used for skin puncture. These tubes are thin, narrow tubes that are designed to collect a small amount of blood from capillaries, which are the smallest blood vessels in the body. Capillary tubes are commonly used in procedures such as fingerstick blood glucose testing or collecting blood samples from infants. They are ideal for collecting small amounts of blood and are easy to handle and transport to the laboratory for analysis.

Watertight secondary containers are required for all specimens shipped to a reference laboratory to ensure the safety and integrity of the specimens during transportation. These containers prevent any leakage or spillage of the specimens, which could potentially contaminate other samples or cause damage to the packaging. By using watertight secondary containers, the specimens can be securely transported without any risk of damage or loss.

A clean-catch midstream specimen is required for culture and sensitivity testing because it is a method of collecting urine that minimizes contamination from the genital area. This type of urine collection involves cleaning the urethral opening before urinating, then collecting a midstream portion of the urine stream in a sterile container. By using this method, the risk of contamination from bacteria or other microorganisms present in the genital area is reduced, ensuring that the urine sample obtained is more representative of the urinary tract. This is important for accurate culture and sensitivity testing, which helps identify the specific bacteria causing a urinary tract infection and determine the most effective antibiotic treatment.

The vascular phase of hemostasis is the initial response to injury where blood vessels constrict. This constriction helps to reduce blood flow to the site of injury, minimizing blood loss. This vasoconstriction is a protective mechanism that is triggered by the injury and helps to temporarily close off the damaged blood vessels. It is an important step in the process of hemostasis, which ultimately leads to the formation of a stable blood clot to prevent further bleeding.

The correct answer is "Medial line extending from great toe & lateral line extending from the fourth & fifth toe." This answer accurately describes the boundaries for a heel stick procedure. The medial line extending from the great toe and the lateral line extending from the fourth and fifth toe indicate the areas where the heel stick should be performed. This ensures that the procedure is done in the correct location for accurate and safe blood collection.

The given sequence represents different sizes of needles, with the numbers indicating the gauge of the needle. The gauge refers to the diameter of the needle, where a smaller gauge indicates a larger needle. Therefore, the smallest needle in the sequence would be the one with the highest gauge number, which is 23G.

The correct answer is "Bleeding Time" because the patient is taking aspirin for arthritis, which is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). NSAIDs like aspirin can inhibit platelet function and prolong bleeding time. Therefore, the light blue tube is used to collect a blood sample for a bleeding time test, which measures the time it takes for bleeding to stop after a small incision is made on the patient's skin. The fact that the bleeding is mentioned as lasting for an hour further supports the need for a bleeding time test to assess the patient's platelet function.

Iatrogenic anemia refers to anemia that is caused by medical interventions or treatments, such as frequent blood draws in a hospitalized patient. In this case, the patient's blood is being drawn frequently, leading to a decrease in red blood cell count and subsequent anemia. This type of anemia is commonly seen in hospitalized patients who require regular blood tests for monitoring or treatment purposes.

Sodium fluoride is an antiglycolytic agent that preserves glucose stability for three days. Glycolysis is the process by which glucose is broken down to produce energy. Sodium fluoride inhibits the enzymes involved in glycolysis, preventing the breakdown of glucose and thus preserving its stability. This makes it an effective additive for preserving blood samples for glucose testing over a period of three days. Therefore, sodium fluoride is the correct answer in this context.

Therapeutic phlebotomy is commonly used for the condition of polycythemia vera. This condition is characterized by an overproduction of red blood cells, which can lead to an increased risk of blood clots and other complications. Phlebotomy involves removing a certain amount of blood from the body to reduce the number of red blood cells and maintain a healthy blood volume. This procedure helps to prevent complications and manage the symptoms associated with polycythemia vera.

Seasonal allergies, also known as allergic rhinitis, are often caused by an immune response to allergens such as pollen. Eosinophils are a type of white blood cell that play a role in the immune response to allergens. During an allergic reaction, the body releases chemicals that attract eosinophils to the affected area. This leads to an increase in eosinophil count in the blood. Therefore, in a patient suffering from seasonal allergies, the WBC differential count is likely to show an increased number of eosinophils.

Thrombocytes, also known as platelets, have a crucial function in the clotting process of blood. When a blood vessel is damaged, thrombocytes rush to the site and form a plug to stop the bleeding. They also release chemicals that help in the formation of a blood clot, which seals the wound and initiates the repair process of the blood vessel. Therefore, the correct answer is "Clotting or repairing blood vessels".

Complication refers to an adverse event or condition that arises as a result of a medical procedure or treatment. In this case, the statement suggests that complication occurs due to repeated draws from the same vein. Phlebitis is the inflammation of a vein, which can be caused by repeated punctures or trauma to the vein. Therefore, phlebitis is the most appropriate answer as it aligns with the explanation provided.

As a healthcare professional, you are bound by patient confidentiality and privacy laws. Revealing a patient's medical information without their consent or a legal requirement to do so is a violation of their privacy rights. Therefore, you are not allowed to reveal the information about the blood tests ordered by the MD to the patient or anyone else without proper authorization.

The formed cellular elements of blood, which include red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets, make up approximately 45% of the total blood volume. These components are crucial for various functions in the body, such as oxygen transport, immune response, and blood clotting. The remaining 55% of blood consists of plasma, a yellowish fluid that carries nutrients, hormones, and waste products throughout the body.

The median cubital vein is the most commonly used vein for venipuncture in phlebotomy because it is easily accessible, located in the antecubital fossa (the bend of the elbow), and usually large enough to draw blood safely. The cephalic vein is sometimes used, but the median cubital vein is preferred due to its size and stability. The brachial and femoral veins are less commonly used due to their deeper location and higher risks.

When a patient is breathing and there is no suspicion of a spinal injury, placing them in the recovery position is appropriate. This position helps to maintain an open airway and prevent choking or aspiration in case the patient vomits. It also allows for drainage of any fluids from the mouth, reducing the risk of airway obstruction. By placing the patient on their side with their head tilted back and supported, it ensures that their airway remains clear and they can continue to breathe effectively.

Nerve damage is a rare complication of venipuncture, occurring only if the needle is inserted too deeply or in the wrong location. Hematomas (bruising), infections, and syncope (fainting) are more common complications, although they can be minimized with proper technique and patient care.

As the question states that the vacuum of the tube decreases with age, it implies that the vacuum inside the tube decreases over time. This could be due to various factors such as wear and tear, degradation of materials, or loss of sealing properties. Over time, the tube may become less effective in maintaining a vacuum, leading to a decrease in its vacuum level.

CLSI, also known as the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, is responsible for establishing operational standards. They develop guidelines and best practices for clinical and laboratory testing, ensuring accuracy, reliability, and safety in healthcare settings. CLIA (Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments) focuses on regulating laboratory testing, while OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration) is concerned with workplace safety. There is no agency called GOVENOR, so it is not relevant to the question.

The correct answer is "Green Tube" because it is mentioned in the given information that the STAT Electrolytes sample is collected in a Green Tube.

The correct answer is STAT Electrolytes in the ER. Electrolytes are essential for the normal functioning of the body and any imbalance can have serious consequences. Since the test is ordered in the emergency room (ER), it indicates that the patient's condition is critical and requires immediate attention. Therefore, collecting the electrolyte sample and analyzing it promptly is crucial in order to provide appropriate medical intervention.

A patient can donate blood if they have donated blood 9 weeks ago. This is because the American Red Cross, for example, requires a minimum of 8 weeks between whole blood donations. This allows the body enough time to replenish the lost blood and ensure the donor's health and well-being. Therefore, the patient who donated blood 9 weeks ago would meet the necessary criteria to donate blood again.

When a tourniquet is tied too tight, it restricts blood flow and puts excessive pressure on the capillaries. This increased pressure can cause the capillaries to rupture, leading to the formation of small red or purple spots on the skin known as petechiae. Petechiae are a common sign of bleeding under the skin and can occur in various medical conditions, including when a tourniquet is applied too tightly.

A 3 part ID system that uses a temporary armband and labels for specimens and blood transfusions is used to ensure patient identification in this scenario. This system allows for multiple identification points to ensure accuracy and prevent any mix-ups or errors in patient identification. The temporary armband provides a physical identifier that can be easily seen and referenced, while the labels on specimens and blood transfusions ensure that they are correctly matched to the patient. This comprehensive system helps to maintain patient safety and prevent any potential harm or confusion during treatment.

The given correct answer is GTT (Glucose Tolerance Testing). This test involves collecting blood and urine samples over specific intervals to measure how the body metabolizes glucose. It is used to diagnose diabetes and assess insulin resistance. During the test, the patient consumes a glucose solution, and their blood sugar levels are monitored at regular intervals to determine how well their body processes the glucose. This test helps in evaluating the body's ability to regulate blood sugar levels and diagnose conditions related to glucose metabolism.

Quality Assurance is a set of procedures and policies that are implemented in a laboratory. This ensures that the laboratory follows standardized practices to maintain the quality and accuracy of its processes and results. It involves various activities such as equipment calibration, staff training, documentation, and regular audits to ensure compliance with standards and regulations.

Tubes needed for culture and sensitivity tests can be kept at room temperature for up to 72 hours. This means that the samples collected in these tubes can be stored at room temperature for a maximum of 72 hours before they need to be processed for the tests. Keeping the tubes at room temperature for longer than 72 hours may lead to degradation of the samples and inaccurate test results.

Veins have valves that prevent the backward flow of blood. This is important because veins carry blood back to the heart, against gravity. The valves ensure that blood flows in one direction, towards the heart, and prevents any backflow. This mechanism helps to maintain proper circulation and prevent blood pooling or congestion in the veins. Arteries and capillaries do not have valves, while the heart is an organ that pumps and circulates blood throughout the body.

The statement "It may hurt. Tell me if it does." would be an appropriate statement to explain the venipuncture procedure to a patient who has never had their blood drawn before. This statement acknowledges the possibility of pain during the procedure and encourages the patient to communicate any discomfort they may experience. It shows empathy and a willingness to address the patient's concerns, ensuring their comfort and well-being throughout the procedure.

A first voided morning urine specimen is collected for the Pregnancy test. This is because the concentration of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), the hormone produced during pregnancy, is typically highest in the morning urine. Collecting the first urine sample of the day ensures a higher concentration of hCG, increasing the accuracy of the pregnancy test.

The appropriate tube to draw blood for a Lead Level test is EDTA or Heparin. These tubes are commonly used for collecting blood samples for tests that require anticoagulated plasma or whole blood. EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) and Heparin are anticoagulants that prevent the blood from clotting, ensuring that the sample remains suitable for analysis. Light Blue, Green, and Gray tubes are not typically used for Lead Level tests.

Sealed or locked specimen transfer bags are used as part of the Chain of Custody. The Chain of Custody refers to the process of documenting and tracking the movement of evidence or specimens from the time they are collected until they are analyzed in a laboratory. By using sealed or locked transfer bags, the integrity and security of the specimens are maintained, ensuring that there is no tampering or contamination during transportation. This is crucial in maintaining the reliability and admissibility of the evidence or specimens in legal or investigative proceedings.

Patients and phlebotomists must be very careful during the collection of sputum samples for a tuberculosis test because the collection containers have a poisonous preservative inside them. This means that if the containers are mishandled or broken, the preservative could potentially be released and cause harm to those involved in the collection process. Therefore, caution is necessary to ensure the safety of everyone involved.

The first step in the patient care process is assessment. This involves gathering information about the patient's medical history, current symptoms, and any other relevant factors. Assessment is crucial in order to accurately diagnose and develop a treatment plan for the patient. It helps healthcare professionals understand the patient's needs and determine the appropriate course of action. By conducting a thorough assessment, healthcare providers can ensure that they are providing the best possible care for the patient.

Fecal specimen collection is used to detect colorectal cancer. This is because the presence of blood in the stool can be an indication of colorectal cancer. By collecting a fecal specimen and testing it for occult blood, healthcare professionals can identify any potential signs of colorectal cancer and take appropriate measures for further diagnosis and treatment.

Blood glucose, pregnancy, and fecal blood testing are examples of waived tests. Waived tests are simple laboratory procedures that have a low risk of error and do not require extensive training or specialized equipment to perform. These tests are considered to be of low complexity and are typically performed in point-of-care settings, such as doctor's offices or clinics. They are often used for screening, diagnosis, or monitoring of certain conditions, and their results are generally reliable and easy to interpret.