NHA Phlebotomy Practice Quiz Class 1

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1. When inserting a needle the bevel should be facing

Explanation

When inserting a needle, the bevel should be facing upwards. This is because the bevel is the slanted opening at the tip of the needle, and when it is facing upwards, it allows for easier entry into the skin or tissue. Inserting the needle with the bevel facing downwards, backwards, or on the opposite side may cause more resistance, discomfort, or potential damage to the surrounding area. Therefore, it is important to insert the needle with the bevel facing upwards for a smoother and more effective insertion.

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About This Quiz
NHA Phlebotomy Practice Quiz Class 1 - Quiz

This NHA Phlebotomy Practice Quiz Class 1 assesses essential skills in patient interaction, identification, venipuncture, and specimen handling. It is designed for aspiring phlebotomists to practice and enhance their technical skills and patient care techniques.

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2. Proper technique in obtaining capillary blood

Explanation

Wiping off the first drop of blood is important in obtaining capillary blood because it helps to remove any contaminants or debris that may be present on the surface of the skin. This ensures that the blood sample is clean and free from any potential interference or contamination. Additionally, wiping off the first drop of blood can help to minimize the risk of infection by removing any bacteria or microorganisms that may be present on the skin. This step is crucial in maintaining the accuracy and integrity of the blood sample for testing or analysis purposes.

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3. What barrier protection is required when performing a venipuncture

Explanation

When performing a venipuncture, gloves are required as a barrier protection. Gloves help to prevent the transmission of pathogens and protect both the healthcare professional and the patient from potential infections. They create a physical barrier between the healthcare professional's hands and the patient's blood, reducing the risk of contamination. Gloves also help to maintain aseptic technique during the procedure, ensuring a safe and sterile environment. Therefore, gloves are essential for infection control and safety during venipuncture.

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4. Blood Cultures are performed

Explanation

Blood cultures are performed to detect and identify infectious microorganisms in the bloodstream. This test is used to diagnose bloodstream infections, such as sepsis, which can be caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi. By culturing a sample of the patient's blood, healthcare professionals can determine the type of microorganism causing the infection and select the appropriate treatment. This is crucial for effective management of the infection and preventing its spread to other organs or tissues.

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5. A blood draw must be preformed on a 5 month old infant. Which of the following locations should be the first site choice for collection?

Explanation

The heels should be the first site choice for blood collection in a 5-month-old infant. This is because the heels have a good blood supply and are easily accessible. The veins in the heels are also less prone to damage compared to other sites. Additionally, the heels are less sensitive, which reduces the discomfort for the infant during the blood draw procedure.

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6. Which of the following is the antiseptic of choice for venipuncture?

Explanation

Isopropyl alcohol is the antiseptic of choice for venipuncture because it effectively kills bacteria and other microorganisms on the skin, reducing the risk of infection. It is commonly used in healthcare settings as a pre-injection swab to disinfect the area before needle insertion. Bleach and hydrochloride are not suitable antiseptics for venipuncture as they can be too harsh and irritating to the skin. Water is not an effective antiseptic as it does not have the ability to kill bacteria.

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7. Failure to give pt appropriate care is called

Explanation

Negligence refers to the failure to provide appropriate care or attention, resulting in harm or injury to another person. It involves a breach of duty or a failure to meet the standard of care expected in a particular situation. Negligence can occur in various contexts, such as healthcare, professional services, or personal interactions. It is a legal concept that holds individuals accountable for their actions or lack thereof, when it causes harm to others.

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8. Your pt jerks during a draw and you get stuck with the needle. You should

Explanation

If your pt jerks during a draw and you get stuck with the needle, it is important to wash the wound with soapy water as soon as possible to prevent infection. Additionally, reporting the incident to your supervisor is necessary to ensure proper documentation and follow-up procedures are followed. Your supervisor will be able to provide guidance and support in handling the situation appropriately.

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9. This governs the size / guage needle you use

Explanation

The size and condition of the vein are important factors to consider when determining the size/gauge needle to use. Veins vary in size and condition, and using the appropriate needle size ensures a successful venipuncture. A larger or more fragile vein may require a smaller gauge needle to minimize damage and discomfort. Conversely, a larger gauge needle may be needed for larger, more robust veins. Therefore, the size and condition of the vein play a crucial role in selecting the appropriate needle size.

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10. Which of the following is an example of proper patient identification?

Explanation

The correct answer is "Compare the wristband to the laboratory order sheet, and ask the patient to spell his/her name." This is an example of proper patient identification because it involves verifying the patient's identity by comparing the information on their wristband with the information on the laboratory order sheet. Asking the patient to spell their name further confirms their identity and helps prevent any potential errors or mix-ups in their healthcare treatment.

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11. The Patient Bill of Rights gives the patient the right to

Explanation

The Patient Bill of Rights ensures that patients have the autonomy to make decisions about their own medical treatment. This includes the right to refuse any treatment that they do not wish to undergo. This right is important as it allows patients to have control over their own healthcare decisions and ensures that they are not forced into any medical procedures against their will.

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12. You are asked to collect a pt in the Oncology Dept. The pt is most likely being treated for:

Explanation

The patient is most likely being treated for cancer because they are being referred to the Oncology Department. Oncology is the branch of medicine that deals with the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of cancer. Therefore, it can be inferred that the patient's condition is related to cancer.

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13. A PKU is being drawn. This speciemen is

Explanation

The correct answer is blood collected from the newborn's heel. PKU (phenylketonuria) is a genetic disorder that affects the body's ability to process an amino acid called phenylalanine. Newborn screening for PKU involves collecting a small blood sample from the baby's heel, usually within the first few days of life. This blood sample is then tested to determine if the baby has PKU or not. Collecting blood from the newborn's heel is a common and convenient method for obtaining a sample for various tests in newborn screening.

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14. Blood in urine is called

Explanation

Hematuria is the correct answer because it refers to the presence of blood in the urine. It is a symptom that can be caused by various conditions, such as urinary tract infections, kidney stones, bladder or kidney infections, or even certain cancers. It is important to seek medical attention if hematuria is present, as it can indicate an underlying health issue that needs to be addressed.

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15. Usually performed by RN or Respiratory Therapist

Explanation

ABG (Aterial Blood Draw) is usually performed by RN (Registered Nurse) or Respiratory Therapist. This procedure involves drawing blood from an artery, typically the radial artery in the wrist, to measure the levels of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and other gases in the blood. It is commonly used to assess respiratory function and acid-base balance in patients with respiratory or metabolic disorders. Venipuncture, on the other hand, refers to the process of drawing blood from a vein, while capillary refers to blood drawn from a capillary bed. Heart surgery is a separate procedure unrelated to ABG.

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16. This is NOT part of a CBC (Complete Blood Count)

Explanation

The correct answer is APTT (Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time). APTT is a laboratory test used to evaluate the intrinsic pathway of coagulation and monitor the effectiveness of heparin therapy. It measures the time it takes for blood to clot and is not part of a complete blood count (CBC), which typically includes tests for white blood cells (WBC), red blood cells (RBC), and other components of blood.

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17. Most commonly used vein for venipuncture

Explanation

The correct answer is Medial Cubital. The medial cubital vein is the most commonly used vein for venipuncture. It is located in the antecubital fossa, which is the area in the bend of the elbow. This vein is preferred because it is large, easy to locate, and relatively stable, making it less likely to roll or move during the procedure. Additionally, it is less likely to cause discomfort or injury to the patient.

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18. The purpose or the accession number

Explanation

The purpose or the accession number is used to provide a unique tracking number for the specimen along with its test order. This helps in accurately identifying and tracking the specimen throughout the testing process, ensuring that the results are correctly associated with the specific specimen and test order. The accession number serves as a crucial identifier in laboratory settings, allowing for efficient and organized handling of specimens and test results.

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19. A pt you were going to draw in the trauma room dies. A family member asks how their loved one is doing. You should

Explanation

In this situation, it is important to provide reassurance and support to the family member who is seeking information about their loved one. By telling them that the physician will be with them momentarily, you are acknowledging their concern and letting them know that their questions will be addressed by a medical professional soon. This response shows empathy and understanding towards the family member's need for information during a difficult and emotional time.

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20. Patient Confidentiality is

Explanation

Patient confidentiality refers to the legal and ethical duty of healthcare providers to protect the privacy of patient information. It means that healthcare professionals cannot disclose any personal or medical information about a patient without the patient's consent. The correct answer states that patient confidentiality is the patient's right to authorize the use of his/her information. This means that patients have the power to decide who can access their medical records and under what circumstances. It ensures that patients have control over their personal information and promotes trust and confidentiality in the doctor-patient relationship.

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21. Phlebo drew a CBC and immeidately returned to lab. The Phlebo was asked to redraw the the CBC on the pt. The reason for this could be

Explanation

The reason for asking the Phlebo to redraw the CBC on the patient could be that the amount of blood collected during the first attempt was not sufficient.

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22. Which of the following is an appropriate introduction to a patient?

Explanation

The correct answer is the most appropriate introduction because it includes the necessary information about the speaker's name, profession, and purpose for being there. This introduction establishes a professional and respectful tone, which is important when interacting with patients.

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23. Excessively milking finger during skin puncture can result in

Explanation

Excessively milking the finger during a skin puncture can lead to hemolysis, which is the destruction of red blood cells, and contamination with tissue fluids. Milking the finger too forcefully can cause the red blood cells to rupture, releasing their contents into the sample, leading to inaccurate test results. Additionally, excessive milking can contaminate the sample with tissue fluids, which can also affect the accuracy of the test. Therefore, it is important to avoid excessive milking during a skin puncture to ensure reliable and accurate test results.

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24. Cyanotic is

Explanation

Cyanotic refers to a bluish color in the skin or mucous membranes, which is caused by a lack of oxygen in the blood. When there is insufficient oxygen in the blood, it appears bluish rather than the normal red color. This bluish hue is most noticeable in areas with thinner skin, such as the lips, fingertips, and nail beds. The presence of cyanosis can indicate a variety of medical conditions, including respiratory or cardiovascular problems.

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25. 12-year-old female had a pregnancy test drawn. She returned to lab w/o her parents. You overheard the results were positive and she wants to know the results. You should

Explanation

The correct answer is to tell her she needs to contact her physician to obtain the results because the physician is the appropriate healthcare professional who can provide accurate and reliable information regarding the pregnancy test. It is important for the girl to consult with her physician to discuss the results, receive appropriate guidance, and explore any necessary next steps.

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26. Additive for Pink Tube

Explanation

EDTA stands for ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, which is commonly used as an anticoagulant in blood collection tubes. It works by binding to calcium ions, preventing blood clotting and preserving the blood sample for further analysis. In the context of the given options, EDTA is the most suitable additive for a pink tube, as it is commonly used for hematology tests and blood cell counts. Heparin, on the other hand, is typically used in green or light green tubes for plasma tests. STAT Electrolytes in the ER is not a specific additive, but rather a description of a test that requires immediate attention. LI/FL is not a recognized abbreviation for any additive or test.

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27. What is a blood culture primarily used to check for?

Explanation

A blood culture is primarily used to check for bacteria. This test involves taking a sample of blood and placing it in a culture medium to allow any bacteria present in the blood to grow. By identifying the specific bacteria causing an infection, healthcare providers can determine the most appropriate treatment and antibiotics to use. Blood cultures are commonly performed when a bacterial infection is suspected, such as in cases of sepsis or bacterial endocarditis.

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28. How far above the collection site is the tourniquet placed

Explanation

The tourniquet is placed approximately 3-4 inches above the collection site. This distance ensures that the tourniquet is tight enough to restrict blood flow and make the veins more prominent, but not so tight that it causes discomfort or impedes the collection process. Placing the tourniquet within this range allows for successful venipuncture and minimizes the risk of complications.

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29. An obese pt needs a CBC drawn; which vein is most likely to be used?

Explanation

The cephalic vein is most likely to be used for drawing a CBC (complete blood count) in an obese patient. This vein is commonly used for blood draws as it is easily accessible and located on the outer side of the arm. In obese patients, it may be more challenging to locate and access veins due to excess adipose tissue, but the cephalic vein is often still visible and accessible. The brachial vein, radial vein, and ulnar vein may be more difficult to access in obese patients.

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30. Most critical mistake a Phleotomist can make

Explanation

The most critical mistake a Phlebotomist can make is failing to properly identify the patient. This is crucial because it ensures that the correct blood samples are taken from the right patient, preventing any mix-ups or errors in diagnosis or treatment. Proper identification includes verifying the patient's name, date of birth, and any other necessary identifiers before proceeding with the blood draw. Failing to do so can have serious consequences and compromise patient safety.

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31. Adequate rest & no food for 12 hours; this is considered to be in a

Explanation

The correct answer is Basal State. Adequate rest and no food for 12 hours refers to a state where the body is at rest and has not consumed any food for an extended period of time. This state is known as the basal state, which is characterized by the body's minimal metabolic rate and energy expenditure. During this state, the body relies on stored energy sources to maintain basic bodily functions.

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32. Excessive squeezing of a finger in a capillary pucture can be

Explanation

Excessive squeezing of a finger during a capillary puncture can lead to contamination with tissue fluid. This is because excessive pressure can cause damage to the surrounding tissues, leading to the release of tissue fluid into the puncture site. This can contaminate the blood sample collected, affecting the accuracy of test results. Therefore, it is important to apply gentle pressure during capillary punctures to minimize tissue damage and avoid contamination with tissue fluid.

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33. Means of IDing a pt in a clinical lab (out-patient)

Explanation

Asking the patient's name is a common and standard method of identifying a patient in a clinical lab. This information is usually cross-checked with the patient's medical records to ensure accuracy and prevent any mix-ups or confusion. While asking for the patient's number, address, or social security number may also be helpful for identification purposes, they are not as commonly used or reliable as asking for the patient's name.

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34. Microorganisms that cause disease are

Explanation

The correct answer is "Pathogenic" because microorganisms that cause disease are commonly referred to as pathogens. Pathogens are capable of causing infection and harm to their host organisms. They can include bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. These microorganisms have the ability to invade the body, multiply, and disrupt normal bodily functions, leading to various diseases and illnesses.

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35. The purpose of a tourniquet

Explanation

A tourniquet is used to temporarily restrict blood flow to a specific area of the body, typically a limb, by applying pressure to the veins and arteries. By doing so, it enlarges the veins, making them more visible and easier to locate for medical procedures such as drawing blood or inserting an IV. This allows healthcare professionals to accurately and safely access the veins for various diagnostic or treatment purposes.

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36. Which of the following is the most commonly occurring laboratory-acquired infection?

Explanation

Hepatitis B is the most commonly occurring laboratory-acquired infection. This is because the hepatitis B virus (HBV) is highly contagious and can be transmitted through contact with infected blood or bodily fluids. Healthcare workers and laboratory personnel are at a higher risk of acquiring HBV due to their frequent exposure to blood and other potentially infectious materials. Hepatitis C and HIV are also bloodborne infections that can be acquired in the laboratory, but the prevalence of hepatitis B is higher. Herpes, on the other hand, is primarily transmitted through direct contact with the herpes simplex virus and is not commonly acquired in a laboratory setting.

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37. A tourniquet can stay in place

Explanation

A tourniquet should not be left in place for longer than one minute because prolonged use can cause damage to the underlying tissues. Leaving a tourniquet on for an extended period of time can lead to ischemia, which is a lack of blood flow to the area. Ischemia can result in tissue damage, pain, and even tissue death. Therefore, it is crucial to remove the tourniquet within one minute to prevent these complications.

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38. Nosocomial Infection

Explanation

The term "nosocomial" refers to infections that are acquired in a healthcare setting, such as hospitals, clinics, or other medical facilities. These infections are specifically linked to the healthcare environment and are not present prior to the patient's admission. This can include infections acquired from medical procedures, contaminated equipment, or contact with healthcare personnel. The other options, such as infections contracted in a class, on a bus, or in the waiting room of an emergency room, do not specifically refer to healthcare settings and therefore are not considered nosocomial infections.

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39. Drug abuse is suspected; a physcian might order a collection of

Explanation

The given options for collection methods, such as buccal swab, sputum test, and GTT, are not commonly used for detecting drug abuse. Urine, on the other hand, is a widely accepted and reliable method for drug testing. It allows for the detection of various substances, including drugs, by analyzing the metabolites present in the urine sample. Therefore, if drug abuse is suspected, a physician is likely to order a urine test to confirm or rule out the presence of drugs in the individual's system.

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40. OSHA require health care workers to be vaccinated against

Explanation

OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration) requires health care workers to be vaccinated against HBV (Hepatitis B Virus). This is because HBV is a highly contagious virus that can be transmitted through blood and other body fluids. Health care workers are at a higher risk of exposure to HBV due to their frequent contact with patients and potential exposure to blood and other infectious materials. Vaccination against HBV helps protect health care workers from contracting and spreading the virus, ensuring their safety and the safety of their patients.

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41. The most important means of stopping the spread of infection is

Explanation

Washing your hands is the most important means of stopping the spread of infection because it helps to remove germs and bacteria from your hands. Hands come into contact with various surfaces and objects throughout the day, making them a common source of infection transmission. Washing hands with soap and water for at least 20 seconds can effectively eliminate the majority of harmful microorganisms, reducing the risk of spreading infections to oneself or others. It is a simple and cost-effective measure that can be practiced by anyone, making it a crucial step in maintaining personal hygiene and preventing the spread of diseases.

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42. Group of tests requested as one unit is called

Explanation

A group of tests requested as one unit is called a profile. A profile is a collection of laboratory tests that are commonly ordered together to evaluate a specific aspect of a patient's health. It allows healthcare professionals to obtain a comprehensive overview of the patient's condition by examining multiple parameters simultaneously. Profiles are often used for screening, diagnosing, or monitoring certain diseases or conditions. They help streamline the testing process and provide a more efficient and holistic approach to patient care.

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43. To inform a patent what preparations should be performed for a test in the basal state, which of the following should be the phlebotomist tell the paitent?

Explanation

not-available-via-ai

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44. Edema is

Explanation

Edema is the accumulation of excessive water between tissues. This condition occurs when fluid leaks from blood vessels and collects in the surrounding tissues, leading to swelling and discomfort. Edema can be caused by various factors such as heart failure, kidney disease, liver disease, and certain medications. It is important to identify and treat the underlying cause of edema in order to manage the condition effectively.

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45. Protective measures that should be taken when working with chemical will be found listed in the chemicals

Explanation

The correct answer is MSDS material safety data sheet. The MSDS provides important information about the potential hazards of a chemical, including its physical properties, toxicity, and safe handling procedures. It also includes information on protective measures that should be taken when working with the chemical, such as wearing personal protective equipment and working in a well-ventilated area. Therefore, referring to the MSDS is essential to ensure the safety of individuals working with chemicals.

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46. Tube For PT & PTT

Explanation

The light blue tube is used for PT (Prothrombin Time) and PTT (Partial Thromboplastin Time) tests. These tests are used to evaluate the clotting ability of blood and to monitor anticoagulant therapy. The light blue tube contains sodium citrate as an anticoagulant, which prevents blood from clotting by binding to calcium ions. This allows for accurate measurement of clotting times in the laboratory.

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47. Life Span of RBC 

Explanation

The correct answer is 120 days. Red blood cells, or RBCs, have a lifespan of approximately 120 days. They are constantly being produced and replaced by the bone marrow to ensure a healthy supply of oxygen-carrying cells in the body. After their lifespan, RBCs are removed from circulation and broken down by the spleen and liver. This process is essential for maintaining the overall health and functionality of the circulatory system.

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48. Giving pt adequate info concerning the method, risk & consequences prior to a procedure is called:

Explanation

Informed consent refers to the process of providing sufficient information to a patient about a medical procedure, including the method, risks, and potential consequences. This allows the patient to make an informed decision about whether to proceed with the procedure or not. It is important for healthcare professionals to obtain informed consent from patients to ensure that they understand the nature of the procedure and can give their voluntary agreement.

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49. CDC is

Explanation

The correct answer is "Center for Disease Control and Prevention" because the CDC (Center for Disease Control and Prevention) is a federal agency in the United States that is responsible for protecting public health and safety. The CDC focuses on preventing and controlling infectious diseases, such as HIV, and provides guidance and resources to address various health issues.

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50. Most frequently occurring lab nosocomial infection

Explanation

HBV stands for Hepatitis B Virus, which is the correct answer. Hepatitis B is one of the most frequently occurring lab nosocomial infections. It is a viral infection that attacks the liver and can cause both acute and chronic diseases. It can be transmitted through contact with the blood or other body fluids of an infected person. Healthcare workers are at a higher risk of exposure to HBV due to their occupation, making it a common nosocomial infection in laboratory settings.

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51. Selerotic Veins

Explanation

The correct answer is "Are Hard & Cordlike" because the term "selerotic veins" suggests that the veins being referred to have become hardened and have a cord-like appearance. This indicates a condition known as sclerosis, which is characterized by the thickening and hardening of tissues. Therefore, it can be inferred that selerotic veins are hard and cordlike in nature.

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52. Additive for Gray Tube
 

Explanation

Oxalate (Potassium Oxalate) is the additive for Gray Tube. This is indicated by the letter "K" in the given options. The other options, such as Light Blue + Red + Green + Lavender, Na Citrate (Sodium Citrate), and APTT (Activated Partial Thromnboplastin Time), do not match the correct additive for Gray Tube.

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53. Additive of red/gray, red/black, SST is

Explanation

The correct answer is Thixotropic Gel/ Serum Separation. Thixotropic gel refers to a gel-like substance that becomes less viscous when subjected to agitation or shear stress. Serum separation is a process in which the blood sample is allowed to clot and then centrifuged to separate the liquid portion (serum) from the solid components. This process helps in obtaining a clear and separated serum sample for further analysis. Therefore, the additive of red/gray, red/black, SST (Serum Separator Tube) is a thixotropic gel that aids in serum separation.

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54. If a pt has a syncopal episode during a blood draw, you should

Explanation

If a patient has a syncopal episode during a blood draw, it is important to remove the needle first to prevent any injury or further complications. Removing the tourniquet after the needle is removed helps to restore normal blood flow and reduce the risk of fainting. This sequence of actions ensures the safety and well-being of the patient during the procedure.

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55. Post-prandal means

Explanation

Post-prandial means "after a meal." This term is used to refer to the period of time following the consumption of food. It typically encompasses the physiological changes and processes that occur in the body as it digests and absorbs nutrients from the meal. Monitoring post-prandial blood sugar levels, for example, is important for individuals with diabetes to manage their condition effectively. Therefore, the correct answer is "After a meal."

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56. Clean Catch midstream unrine sample is used for

Explanation

A clean catch midstream urine sample is collected to perform microbiological urine testing. This type of sample collection method helps to minimize contamination from the genital area and provides a more accurate representation of the urine for testing. Microbiological urine testing is used to identify and diagnose urinary tract infections (UTIs) caused by bacteria or other microorganisms. It allows healthcare professionals to determine the type of bacteria present in the urine and select the appropriate antibiotic treatment.

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57. Additive for Light Blue

Explanation

Na Citrate (Sodium Citrate) is the correct answer because it is commonly used as an anticoagulant additive for light blue top tubes in blood collection. Sodium citrate prevents clotting by binding to calcium ions, which are necessary for the coagulation cascade. This allows for accurate measurement of coagulation factors and helps to maintain the integrity of the sample for testing. Oxalate is used as an anticoagulant for purple top tubes, APTT is a test to evaluate the intrinsic pathway of coagulation, and PT is a test to evaluate the extrinsic pathway of coagulation.

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58. THE RECOMMENDED DEPTH FOR AN INFANT MICROCAPILLARY COLLECTION SHOULD NOT EXCEED

Explanation

The recommended depth for an infant microcapillary collection should not exceed 2.0 mm. This depth is likely determined based on the size and fragility of an infant's capillaries. Going deeper than 2.0 mm may increase the risk of causing injury or discomfort to the infant.

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59. What information IS NOT placed on a specimen

Explanation

The information that is not placed on a specimen is the diagnosis. A specimen refers to a sample or specimen of tissue or fluid that is collected for examination and analysis in a laboratory. While the name, date of birth (D.O.B), and source of the specimen may be recorded, the diagnosis, which is the identification of the specific disease or condition, is not typically included on the specimen itself. The diagnosis is usually determined by the healthcare provider or pathologist based on the analysis of the specimen.

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60. "Butterfly" is also known as

Explanation

The correct answer is WIS (Winged Infustion Set). A butterfly is a term used to refer to a type of infusion set called a Winged Infusion Set (WIS). This set consists of a small, flexible plastic tube with wings on either side that help in securing the needle in place after it is inserted into a vein. The wings also provide stability and control during the infusion process. Therefore, "Butterfly" is another name for the Winged Infusion Set.

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61. Additive for Green tube

Explanation

The correct answer is Li / Na Heparin (Lithium Heparin / Sodium Heparin). Heparin is an anticoagulant that is commonly used in blood collection tubes to prevent blood from clotting. It works by inhibiting the formation of blood clots. In this case, the tube is specifically for collecting green top tubes, and the additive used in these tubes is a combination of lithium heparin and sodium heparin. These additives help to preserve the integrity of the blood sample and prevent clotting during storage and transportation. Sodium citrate, sodium fluoride, and potassium oxalate are additives used in other types of blood collection tubes for different purposes.

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62. Lipemic blood is described as

Explanation

Lipemic blood is described as serum with a milky appearance because it contains high levels of lipids, such as triglycerides, which make the serum appear cloudy or milky. This can occur due to various factors, such as a high-fat meal before blood collection or certain medical conditions like hyperlipidemia. The presence of lipids in the blood can interfere with laboratory tests and affect the accuracy of the results. Therefore, lipemic blood samples are often not suitable for certain diagnostic tests.

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63. Every time you come on shift the sharps container in the caddy is overflowing. You should

Explanation

The correct answer is to carefully remove the sharps and report this safety hazard to the supervisor. This is the appropriate action to take because an overflowing sharps container poses a significant safety risk. Carefully removing the sharps ensures that you do not accidentally injure yourself or others, and reporting the hazard to the supervisor allows them to address the issue and prevent future incidents.

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64. Correct ending for venipuncture

Explanation

The correct ending for venipuncture is to remove the tourniquet, remove the tube, remove the needle, and apply pressure. This sequence ensures that the blood flow is stopped by removing the tourniquet, the blood sample is collected by removing the tube and needle, and finally, pressure is applied to the puncture site to prevent bleeding.

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65. A capillary is defined as

Explanation

A capillary is defined as a microscopic vessel. Capillaries are the smallest blood vessels in the body, with a diameter that is only slightly larger than that of a red blood cell. They connect arterioles and venules, allowing for the exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and waste products between the blood and surrounding tissues. Due to their small size and thin walls, capillaries are able to facilitate this exchange efficiently. Therefore, the correct answer is "Microscopic vessel."

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66. Most common cause of Blood Culture contamination is

Explanation

The most common cause of blood culture contamination is improper skin preparation. When collecting a blood culture sample, it is essential to properly clean the skin with an antiseptic solution to remove any bacteria that may be present on the surface. Failure to do so can introduce bacteria into the bloodstream, leading to contamination of the culture. This can result in false-positive results and potentially incorrect diagnosis and treatment decisions. Proper skin preparation is crucial to ensure accurate and reliable blood culture results.

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67. Which tube will give you a serum specimen

Explanation

The Red/Gray Top (SST) tube will give you a serum specimen. The SST tube contains a gel separator and clot activator, which helps in the separation of serum from the blood cells. The gel forms a barrier between the serum and the cells, allowing for easy separation. The clot activator promotes the clotting process, which further aids in the separation. Therefore, the Red/Gray Top (SST) tube is specifically designed for obtaining serum specimens.

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68. Plasma is

Explanation

Plasma refers to the liquid component of blood that remains after the blood has been allowed to clot. It is distinct from serum, which is the liquid component of blood obtained after the blood has been allowed to clot and the clot has been removed. Therefore, plasma is the correct answer as it accurately describes the fluid portion of unclotted blood.

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69. Red Blood Cells are

Explanation

Red blood cells are also known as erythrocytes. Erythrocytes are the most abundant type of blood cell and their main function is to transport oxygen from the lungs to the body's tissues and remove carbon dioxide from the tissues back to the lungs. They contain a protein called hemoglobin, which binds to oxygen and gives the cells their red color. Erythrocytes are produced in the bone marrow and have a unique biconcave shape that allows for increased surface area and flexibility to pass through narrow blood vessels.

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70. Warming the site prior to dermal puncture

Explanation

Warming the site prior to dermal puncture increases blood flow to the site. This is because heat causes the blood vessels to dilate, allowing more blood to flow through them. The increased blood flow can help in several ways during dermal puncture. It can make it easier to locate and access a vein, as the veins become more visible and easier to palpate. It can also improve the success rate of the puncture by ensuring an adequate blood supply for sample collection. Additionally, increased blood flow can help in reducing the risk of hematoma formation and can potentially enhance the healing process after the puncture.

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71. Point Of Care Testing is

Explanation

Point of Care Testing refers to medical testing that is performed at or near the site where patient care is provided, such as at the bedside. This type of testing allows for immediate results and faster decision-making regarding patient treatment. It eliminates the need for samples to be sent to a laboratory and reduces the time it takes to receive test results. Therefore, the correct answer is "Done at Bedside."

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72. A Hematoma can be prevented by

Explanation

Applying pressure to the site can prevent a hematoma by helping to control bleeding and allowing the blood vessels to seal. By applying pressure, the flow of blood is restricted, which reduces the chances of blood pooling and forming a hematoma. This technique is commonly used after drawing blood or inserting a needle to ensure that bleeding is minimized and the risk of hematoma formation is reduced.

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73. For which of the following is testing of newborns required in all states of the united states?

Explanation

Testing for Phenylketonuria (PKU) is required in all states of the United States for newborns. PKU is a genetic disorder that affects the body's ability to break down an amino acid called phenylalanine. If left untreated, it can lead to intellectual disability and other serious health problems. Early detection through newborn screening allows for early intervention and management of the condition, preventing long-term complications. Therefore, testing for PKU is mandatory in all states to ensure the well-being of newborns.

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74. A Phlebotomist has requisition to draw from a patient with Down Syndrome. Which of the follow steps should the phlebotomist take?

Explanation

The correct answer is to speak with the patient's guardians before performing the venipuncture to ensure the explanation is understood. This is important because patients with Down Syndrome may have difficulty understanding complex instructions or procedures. By speaking with the patient's guardians, the phlebotomist can ensure that they have the necessary information and can provide any additional support or clarification that may be needed during the procedure.

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75. Hypoglycemia is

Explanation

Hypoglycemia refers to low blood sugar levels. This condition occurs when the glucose levels in the blood drop below normal, leading to symptoms such as dizziness, shakiness, confusion, and fainting. It is commonly seen in individuals with diabetes who take insulin or certain medications to manage their blood sugar levels. Hypoglycemia can also be caused by skipping meals, excessive alcohol consumption, or certain medical conditions. Prompt treatment is necessary to raise blood sugar levels to prevent complications. Therefore, the correct answer is "Low Blood Sugar."

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76. Best sample for determinations of blood pH and blood gases?

Explanation

Arterial blood is the best sample for determinations of blood pH and blood gases because it is the blood that is oxygenated and carries nutrients to the body's tissues. Arterial blood is obtained by puncturing an artery, usually the radial artery, and it provides a more accurate representation of the body's acid-base balance and gas exchange compared to venous or capillary blood.

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77. ERS collection tube is

Explanation

The correct answer is Lavender because ERS collection tubes are commonly used for the collection of urine samples. The lavender color indicates that the tube contains an anticoagulant called EDTA, which helps prevent the blood from clotting. This type of tube is used for various tests, such as complete blood count (CBC) and blood chemistry analysis.

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78. This is NOT part of a CBC (Complete Blood Count)

Explanation

The question is asking for the option that is not part of a Complete Blood Count (CBC). A CBC is a blood test that measures various components of the blood, including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. Sickle cell, WBC, and Lavender are all components that can be measured in a CBC. However, APTT (Activated Partial Thromnboplastin Time) is a test that measures the time it takes for blood to clot, and it is not part of a CBC.

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79. If a pt refuses a blood draw you should

Explanation

When a patient refuses a blood draw, it is important to immediately report the refusal and actions taken to the nurse. This is crucial for documentation purposes and to ensure that the refusal is properly recorded in the patient's medical records. By reporting the refusal promptly, the nurse can assess the situation, communicate with the patient, and determine the next appropriate steps. It is not advisable to proceed with the blood draw against the patient's wishes or move on to the next patient without addressing the refusal. Having the patient sign a document may be necessary in some cases, but the immediate reporting to the nurse takes priority.

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80. Most common complication from phlebotomy

Explanation

Hematoma is the most common complication from phlebotomy. A hematoma occurs when there is bleeding under the skin, resulting in a localized collection of blood. This can happen if the needle punctures a blood vessel and causes blood to leak into the surrounding tissue. Hematomas can cause pain, swelling, and discoloration at the site of the phlebotomy. While allergic reactions, phlebitis, and hemolysis with contamination are also possible complications, hematoma is the most frequently encountered complication in phlebotomy procedures.

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81. When state required testing of an infants capillary blood is done, which of the following must be done?

Explanation

When state required testing of an infant's capillary blood is done, it is necessary to ensure that the circles on the filter paper are completely saturated. This is important because the filter paper is used to collect the blood sample, and if the circles are not saturated, it may result in an insufficient or inaccurate sample. Saturation of the circles ensures that an adequate amount of blood is collected for testing purposes.

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82. If blood is drawn from the wrong patient, you should:

Explanation

If blood is drawn from the wrong patient, it is a serious medical error that can lead to harmful consequences, such as misdiagnosis or inappropriate treatment. The correct and immediate step is to notify the supervisor and follow your facility’s protocol for reporting and documenting the incident. This includes labeling the sample as potentially mislabeled, discarding it if required, and ensuring the correct patient is identified and redrawn. Transparency and timely action help prevent patient harm and uphold safety and accountability standards.

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83. C & S (Culture & Sensitivity) is analyzed by the

Explanation

C & S (Culture & Sensitivity) is a laboratory test that is used to identify the specific microorganism causing an infection and determine the most effective antibiotic treatment. Since microbiology is the branch of science that deals with the study of microorganisms, it is responsible for analyzing C & S. The microbiology department is equipped with the necessary tools and expertise to culture and identify microorganisms, as well as perform sensitivity testing to determine the most appropriate antibiotic therapy. Therefore, the microbiology department is the correct department to analyze C & S.

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84. Destruction of Red Blood Cells

Explanation

Hemolysis refers to the destruction of red blood cells. This can occur due to various factors such as infections, autoimmune disorders, or certain medications. When red blood cells are destroyed, they release their contents, including hemoglobin, into the surrounding fluid. This can lead to the release of free hemoglobin into the bloodstream, causing various symptoms such as anemia, jaundice, and organ damage. Hemolysis can be diagnosed through blood tests that measure the levels of free hemoglobin and other markers. Treatment depends on the underlying cause and may involve addressing the underlying condition, providing supportive care, or in severe cases, blood transfusions.

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85. PT/PTT, CBC, Ammonia Level, Cardiac Enzymes. Put in proper Order of Draw

Explanation

The correct order of draw for the given tests is Light Blue, Red, Green, and Lavender. The Light Blue tube is used for coagulation tests like PT/PTT. The Red tube is used for general chemistry tests like cardiac enzymes. The Green tube is used for ammonia level tests. The Lavender tube is used for complete blood count (CBC) tests. Therefore, the correct order of draw is Light Blue + Red + Green + Lavender.

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86. Tubes containing Anti-Coagulants are inverted

Explanation

Tubes containing anti-coagulants need to be inverted multiple times to ensure proper mixing of the blood with the anti-coagulant. This prevents clotting of the blood sample and allows for accurate test results. Inverting the tubes 8 times is the correct answer because it ensures thorough mixing and distribution of the anti-coagulant throughout the sample.

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87. Pregnancy  Test is

Explanation

The correct answer is Chemistry Dept because a pregnancy test is a laboratory test that detects the presence of the hormone hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) in a woman's urine or blood. This test is typically performed in the chemistry department of a laboratory as it involves the analysis of chemical substances present in the sample. The chemistry department is responsible for conducting various tests and analyses related to chemical components and compounds, making it the appropriate department for conducting a pregnancy test.

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88. This increase in proportion of formed elements to plasma caused by the tourniquet being left on more than two minutes

Explanation

Hemoconcentration is the correct answer because it refers to an increase in the proportion of formed elements (such as red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets) to plasma in the blood. When a tourniquet is left on for more than two minutes, it can restrict blood flow and cause hemoconcentration. This can lead to an increase in the concentration of blood cells and a decrease in plasma volume, which can have various effects on the body.

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89. You are drawing an in-patient for a CO-AG (coagulation) study. This is correct about the draw:

Explanation

The correct answer is "Light Blue - Filled completely." In a coagulation study, blood is typically collected in a light blue top tube containing sodium citrate as an anticoagulant. The tube needs to be filled completely to ensure the correct blood-to-anticoagulant ratio, which is crucial for accurate coagulation testing. Filling the tube completely helps prevent clotting and ensures that the blood sample maintains its integrity during transportation and processing.

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90. What is the appropriate angle to hold the slide when preparing a peripheral blood smear?

Explanation

The appropriate angle to hold the slide when preparing a peripheral blood smear is 30 to 35 degrees. Holding the slide at this angle allows for an even distribution of blood across the slide, ensuring a well-spaced and properly stained smear. Holding the slide at a lower angle may result in a thick smear and overlapping cells, while holding it at a higher angle may result in a thin smear and inadequate cell distribution. Therefore, the recommended angle for preparing a peripheral blood smear is 30 to 35 degrees.

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91. Innermost layer of a blood vessel is

Explanation

The innermost layer of a blood vessel is called the endothelial layer. This layer is composed of endothelial cells, which form a smooth lining on the inside of blood vessels. The endothelial layer plays a crucial role in regulating blood flow, maintaining vascular tone, and preventing blood clot formation. It also helps in the exchange of nutrients and waste products between the blood and surrounding tissues.

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92. The BBP OSHA regulations require this to prevent needle stick injuries

Explanation

The correct answer is the use of approved needle safety devices manufactured to cover the exposed needle immediately after the procedure. This is required by the BBP OSHA regulations to prevent needle stick injuries. By using safety devices that cover the needle, healthcare workers can minimize the risk of accidental needle sticks and potential exposure to bloodborne pathogens. This helps to ensure a safer working environment and protect the health and well-being of both healthcare workers and patients.

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93. Female pt tells you that it is against her religion to be touched by a man. Appropriate response from a male tech / phlebo should be:

Explanation

In this scenario, the appropriate response would be to get a female to perform the procedure/draw/test. This response respects the patient's religious beliefs and ensures their comfort and dignity during the medical procedure.

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94. Before blood donation the donor should have this checked

Explanation

Before blood donation, it is important to check the hematocrit or hemoglobin values of the donor. Hematocrit is a measure of the percentage of red blood cells in the total blood volume, while hemoglobin is the protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen. These values are crucial to determine if the donor has enough healthy red blood cells to safely donate blood. Low levels of hematocrit or hemoglobin may indicate anemia or other health issues, making the donor ineligible for donation to ensure their own well-being and the safety of the recipient.

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95. If pt has IV in an arm; where should you draw from?

Explanation

When a patient has an IV in one arm, it is generally recommended to draw blood from the opposite arm. This is because drawing blood from the same arm can cause contamination of the sample with the IV fluids or medications that are being administered. Drawing below the IV site may also increase the risk of contamination. Therefore, the opposite arm is the most appropriate choice to ensure accurate and uncontaminated blood samples.

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96. A multi-sample needle is used

Explanation

The correct answer is "When more than one tube is being collected". When multiple tubes are being collected, a multi-sample needle is used. This type of needle allows for multiple tubes to be filled without having to remove and reinsert the needle each time. This saves time and reduces the risk of injury or discomfort to the patient.

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97. An intentional attempt to touch a pt without their consent is

Explanation

Battery is the correct answer because it refers to the intentional act of touching another person without their consent. In legal terms, battery is considered a tort, which is a civil wrong that causes harm or injury to someone. Battery requires the element of intent, meaning that the person intentionally and knowingly touched another person without their permission. This can include physical contact such as hitting, punching, or even unwanted touching. Negligence, on the other hand, refers to a failure to exercise reasonable care, and it does not necessarily require intent.

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98. A Fomite is

Explanation

A fomite refers to inanimate objects or surfaces that can harbor and transmit infectious agents such as bacteria, viruses, or parasites. These objects can include doorknobs, countertops, bedding, or medical equipment. When contaminated, fomites can act as a source of infection if individuals come into contact with them and then touch their face or mouth, allowing the pathogens to enter their body. Therefore, fomites play a significant role in the transmission of diseases.

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99. CBC & ESR ARE DONE 

Explanation

The correct answer is Hematology Dept because CBC (Complete Blood Count) and ESR (Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate) are commonly performed tests in the field of hematology. These tests provide important information about the different components of blood, such as red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets, as well as the rate at which red blood cells settle in a tube. Therefore, the Hematology Department is responsible for conducting these tests and interpreting the results.

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100. Which term is used to describe a blood donation from a patient for later use in her or her own surgical procedure?

Explanation

Autologous is the correct term used to describe a blood donation from a patient for later use in their own surgical procedure. This means that the patient donates their own blood before the surgery, which is then stored and transfused back into their body during the procedure. This helps to minimize the risk of complications and the need for blood transfusions from other donors.

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101. A written exposure control plan must be maintained by which of the following?

Explanation

The correct answer is "Employer." This is because the responsibility of maintaining a written exposure control plan lies with the employer. The exposure control plan outlines the measures and procedures that the employer must implement to protect employees from occupational exposure to bloodborne pathogens and other potentially infectious materials. It includes information about engineering controls, work practices, personal protective equipment, training, and medical surveillance. The employer is responsible for developing, implementing, and regularly reviewing and updating this plan to ensure the safety and health of employees.

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102. Your pt's blood has been collected 3 times and every time the specimen hemolyzed. Possible Cause?

Explanation

The possible cause for the specimen hemolysis could be the use of a small needle (25 G). A smaller needle size can cause more damage to the red blood cells during the collection process, leading to hemolysis.

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103. Tube used for Gluclose Testing

Explanation

The gray tube is used for glucose testing because it contains an additive called sodium fluoride, which acts as a preservative and an anticoagulant. Sodium fluoride prevents the breakdown of glucose in the blood sample, allowing for accurate glucose measurements. This tube is commonly used in laboratories and healthcare settings for glucose testing purposes.

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104. Blood in a plain red tube collects in

Explanation

Blood in a plain red tube takes approximately 30-60 minutes to clot. The clotting process involves the activation of various clotting factors in the blood, which eventually leads to the formation of a solid clot. The time required for clot formation can vary depending on factors such as the individual's clotting ability and the specific conditions in which the blood sample is handled. Therefore, the correct answer is 30-60 mins.

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105. Function of Neutroophils

Explanation

Neutrophils are a type of white blood cell and are considered phagocytes. Phagocytes are cells that have the ability to engulf and destroy bacteria and other foreign particles in the body. Neutrophils are known for their ability to quickly migrate to the site of infection and engulf bacteria through a process called phagocytosis. This helps in the defense against bacterial infections and plays a crucial role in the immune response. Therefore, the function of neutrophils is to act as phagocytes and engulf bacteria.

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106. Blood in an average adult body

Explanation

The average adult body contains approximately 5.0 liters of blood.

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107. Which of the following is required for all specimens shipped to a reference laboratory?

Explanation

Watertight secondary containers are required for all specimens shipped to a reference laboratory to ensure the safety and integrity of the specimens during transportation. These containers prevent any leakage or spillage of the specimens, which could potentially contaminate other samples or cause damage to the packaging. By using watertight secondary containers, the specimens can be securely transported without any risk of damage or loss.

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108. Collection device used for skin puncture

Explanation

Capillary tubes are the collection devices used for skin puncture. These tubes are thin, narrow tubes that are designed to collect a small amount of blood from capillaries, which are the smallest blood vessels in the body. Capillary tubes are commonly used in procedures such as fingerstick blood glucose testing or collecting blood samples from infants. They are ideal for collecting small amounts of blood and are easy to handle and transport to the laboratory for analysis.

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109. Which of the following types of urine collection is required for culture and sensitivity testing?

Explanation

A clean-catch midstream specimen is required for culture and sensitivity testing because it is a method of collecting urine that minimizes contamination from the genital area. This type of urine collection involves cleaning the urethral opening before urinating, then collecting a midstream portion of the urine stream in a sterile container. By using this method, the risk of contamination from bacteria or other microorganisms present in the genital area is reduced, ensuring that the urine sample obtained is more representative of the urinary tract. This is important for accurate culture and sensitivity testing, which helps identify the specific bacteria causing a urinary tract infection and determine the most effective antibiotic treatment.

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110. Vascular phase of hemostasis is characterized by

Explanation

The vascular phase of hemostasis is the initial response to injury where blood vessels constrict. This constriction helps to reduce blood flow to the site of injury, minimizing blood loss. This vasoconstriction is a protective mechanism that is triggered by the injury and helps to temporarily close off the damaged blood vessels. It is an important step in the process of hemostasis, which ultimately leads to the formation of a stable blood clot to prevent further bleeding.

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111. In a hospitalized patient whose blood may be drawn every day or every few hours, what type of anemia is commonly seen?
 

Explanation

Iatrogenic anemia refers to anemia that is caused by medical interventions or treatments, such as frequent blood draws in a hospitalized patient. In this case, the patient's blood is being drawn frequently, leading to a decrease in red blood cell count and subsequent anemia. This type of anemia is commonly seen in hospitalized patients who require regular blood tests for monitoring or treatment purposes.

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112. A pt is taking asprin for arthritis. 

Explanation

The correct answer is "Bleeding Time" because the patient is taking aspirin for arthritis, which is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). NSAIDs like aspirin can inhibit platelet function and prolong bleeding time. Therefore, the light blue tube is used to collect a blood sample for a bleeding time test, which measures the time it takes for bleeding to stop after a small incision is made on the patient's skin. The fact that the bleeding is mentioned as lasting for an hour further supports the need for a bleeding time test to assess the patient's platelet function.

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113. Boundaries for Heel Stick

Explanation

The correct answer is "Medial line extending from great toe & lateral line extending from the fourth & fifth toe." This answer accurately describes the boundaries for a heel stick procedure. The medial line extending from the great toe and the lateral line extending from the fourth and fifth toe indicate the areas where the heel stick should be performed. This ensures that the procedure is done in the correct location for accurate and safe blood collection.

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114. For which condition is therapeutic phlebotomy commonly used?

Explanation

Therapeutic phlebotomy is commonly used for the condition of polycythemia vera. This condition is characterized by an overproduction of red blood cells, which can lead to an increased risk of blood clots and other complications. Phlebotomy involves removing a certain amount of blood from the body to reduce the number of red blood cells and maintain a healthy blood volume. This procedure helps to prevent complications and manage the symptoms associated with polycythemia vera.

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115. Antiglycolytic agent the preserves glucose stability for (3) days

Explanation

Sodium fluoride is an antiglycolytic agent that preserves glucose stability for three days. Glycolysis is the process by which glucose is broken down to produce energy. Sodium fluoride inhibits the enzymes involved in glycolysis, preventing the breakdown of glucose and thus preserving its stability. This makes it an effective additive for preserving blood samples for glucose testing over a period of three days. Therefore, sodium fluoride is the correct answer in this context.

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116. 21G, 23G, 18G, 16G - which is the smallest needle

Explanation

The given sequence represents different sizes of needles, with the numbers indicating the gauge of the needle. The gauge refers to the diameter of the needle, where a smaller gauge indicates a larger needle. Therefore, the smallest needle in the sequence would be the one with the highest gauge number, which is 23G.

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117. Function of Thrombocytes is

Explanation

Thrombocytes, also known as platelets, have a crucial function in the clotting process of blood. When a blood vessel is damaged, thrombocytes rush to the site and form a plug to stop the bleeding. They also release chemicals that help in the formation of a blood clot, which seals the wound and initiates the repair process of the blood vessel. Therefore, the correct answer is "Clotting or repairing blood vessels".

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118. Pt suffering from seasonal allergies. What would be the picture of her WBC differential count?

Explanation

Seasonal allergies, also known as allergic rhinitis, are often caused by an immune response to allergens such as pollen. Eosinophils are a type of white blood cell that play a role in the immune response to allergens. During an allergic reaction, the body releases chemicals that attract eosinophils to the affected area. This leads to an increase in eosinophil count in the blood. Therefore, in a patient suffering from seasonal allergies, the WBC differential count is likely to show an increased number of eosinophils.

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119. Complication results from repeated draws from the same vein

Explanation

Complication refers to an adverse event or condition that arises as a result of a medical procedure or treatment. In this case, the statement suggests that complication occurs due to repeated draws from the same vein. Phlebitis is the inflammation of a vein, which can be caused by repeated punctures or trauma to the vein. Therefore, phlebitis is the most appropriate answer as it aligns with the explanation provided.

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120. Called to ER to draw a CBC & Forensic Alcohol from a pt involved in an auto accident. Pt asks what blood tests the MD ordered. You should

Explanation

As a healthcare professional, you are bound by patient confidentiality and privacy laws. Revealing a patient's medical information without their consent or a legal requirement to do so is a violation of their privacy rights. Therefore, you are not allowed to reveal the information about the blood tests ordered by the MD to the patient or anyone else without proper authorization.

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121. Formed cellular Elements of blood consititute

Explanation

The formed cellular elements of blood, which include red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets, make up approximately 45% of the total blood volume. These components are crucial for various functions in the body, such as oxygen transport, immune response, and blood clotting. The remaining 55% of blood consists of plasma, a yellowish fluid that carries nutrients, hormones, and waste products throughout the body.

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122. Under which o the following circumstances should you place a patient into the recovery position?

Explanation

When a patient is breathing and there is no suspicion of a spinal injury, placing them in the recovery position is appropriate. This position helps to maintain an open airway and prevent choking or aspiration in case the patient vomits. It also allows for drainage of any fluids from the mouth, reducing the risk of airway obstruction. By placing the patient on their side with their head tilted back and supported, it ensures that their airway remains clear and they can continue to breathe effectively.

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123. Which of the following is NOT a common complication of venipuncture?

Explanation

Nerve damage is a rare complication of venipuncture, occurring only if the needle is inserted too deeply or in the wrong location. Hematomas (bruising), infections, and syncope (fainting) are more common complications, although they can be minimized with proper technique and patient care.

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124. Which of the following veins is most commonly used for venipuncture in phlebotomy?

Explanation

The median cubital vein is the most commonly used vein for venipuncture in phlebotomy because it is easily accessible, located in the antecubital fossa (the bend of the elbow), and usually large enough to draw blood safely. The cephalic vein is sometimes used, but the median cubital vein is preferred due to its size and stability. The brachial and femoral veins are less commonly used due to their deeper location and higher risks.

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125. You collect a STAT Electrolytes in a

Explanation

The correct answer is "Green Tube" because it is mentioned in the given information that the STAT Electrolytes sample is collected in a Green Tube.

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126. Operational Standards are established by which of the following agencies?

Explanation

CLSI, also known as the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, is responsible for establishing operational standards. They develop guidelines and best practices for clinical and laboratory testing, ensuring accuracy, reliability, and safety in healthcare settings. CLIA (Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments) focuses on regulating laboratory testing, while OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration) is concerned with workplace safety. There is no agency called GOVENOR, so it is not relevant to the question.

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127. Vacuum of tube decreases with

Explanation

As the question states that the vacuum of the tube decreases with age, it implies that the vacuum inside the tube decreases over time. This could be due to various factors such as wear and tear, degradation of materials, or loss of sealing properties. Over time, the tube may become less effective in maintaining a vacuum, leading to a decrease in its vacuum level.

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128. If a tourniquet is tied too tight, the capillaries rupture causing

Explanation

When a tourniquet is tied too tight, it restricts blood flow and puts excessive pressure on the capillaries. This increased pressure can cause the capillaries to rupture, leading to the formation of small red or purple spots on the skin known as petechiae. Petechiae are a common sign of bleeding under the skin and can occur in various medical conditions, including when a tourniquet is applied too tightly.

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129. You are on night shift and receive orders for all of the following tests within minutes of one another. Which has the greatest collection priority?

Explanation

The correct answer is STAT Electrolytes in the ER. Electrolytes are essential for the normal functioning of the body and any imbalance can have serious consequences. Since the test is ordered in the emergency room (ER), it indicates that the patient's condition is critical and requires immediate attention. Therefore, collecting the electrolyte sample and analyzing it promptly is crucial in order to provide appropriate medical intervention.

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130. A patient can donate blood if he or she

Explanation

A patient can donate blood if they have donated blood 9 weeks ago. This is because the American Red Cross, for example, requires a minimum of 8 weeks between whole blood donations. This allows the body enough time to replenish the lost blood and ensure the donor's health and well-being. Therefore, the patient who donated blood 9 weeks ago would meet the necessary criteria to donate blood again.

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131. Patient admitted to ER is unconscious & unidentifiable. What system is used to ensure pt identification?

Explanation

A 3 part ID system that uses a temporary armband and labels for specimens and blood transfusions is used to ensure patient identification in this scenario. This system allows for multiple identification points to ensure accuracy and prevent any mix-ups or errors in patient identification. The temporary armband provides a physical identifier that can be easily seen and referenced, while the labels on specimens and blood transfusions ensure that they are correctly matched to the patient. This comprehensive system helps to maintain patient safety and prevent any potential harm or confusion during treatment.

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132. Test where blood & urine are collected over specific intervals

Explanation

The given correct answer is GTT (Glucose Tolerance Testing). This test involves collecting blood and urine samples over specific intervals to measure how the body metabolizes glucose. It is used to diagnose diabetes and assess insulin resistance. During the test, the patient consumes a glucose solution, and their blood sugar levels are monitored at regular intervals to determine how well their body processes the glucose. This test helps in evaluating the body's ability to regulate blood sugar levels and diagnose conditions related to glucose metabolism.

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133. Quality Assurance is

Explanation

Quality Assurance is a set of procedures and policies that are implemented in a laboratory. This ensures that the laboratory follows standardized practices to maintain the quality and accuracy of its processes and results. It involves various activities such as equipment calibration, staff training, documentation, and regular audits to ensure compliance with standards and regulations.

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134. Tubes needed for culture and sensitivity tests may be kept at room temperature for up to how many hours?

Explanation

Tubes needed for culture and sensitivity tests can be kept at room temperature for up to 72 hours. This means that the samples collected in these tubes can be stored at room temperature for a maximum of 72 hours before they need to be processed for the tests. Keeping the tubes at room temperature for longer than 72 hours may lead to degradation of the samples and inaccurate test results.

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135. These have valves

Explanation

Veins have valves that prevent the backward flow of blood. This is important because veins carry blood back to the heart, against gravity. The valves ensure that blood flows in one direction, towards the heart, and prevents any backflow. This mechanism helps to maintain proper circulation and prevent blood pooling or congestion in the veins. Arteries and capillaries do not have valves, while the heart is an organ that pumps and circulates blood throughout the body.

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136. A patient has never had his blood drawn before. When explaining venipuncture procedure, which of the following would be an appropriate statement?

Explanation

The statement "It may hurt. Tell me if it does." would be an appropriate statement to explain the venipuncture procedure to a patient who has never had their blood drawn before. This statement acknowledges the possibility of pain during the procedure and encourages the patient to communicate any discomfort they may experience. It shows empathy and a willingness to address the patient's concerns, ensuring their comfort and well-being throughout the procedure.

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137. For which of the following tests would a first voided morning urine specimen be collected

Explanation

A first voided morning urine specimen is collected for the Pregnancy test. This is because the concentration of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), the hormone produced during pregnancy, is typically highest in the morning urine. Collecting the first urine sample of the day ensures a higher concentration of hCG, increasing the accuracy of the pregnancy test.

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138. Appropriate tube to draw blood for a Lead Level

Explanation

The appropriate tube to draw blood for a Lead Level test is EDTA or Heparin. These tubes are commonly used for collecting blood samples for tests that require anticoagulated plasma or whole blood. EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) and Heparin are anticoagulants that prevent the blood from clotting, ensuring that the sample remains suitable for analysis. Light Blue, Green, and Gray tubes are not typically used for Lead Level tests.

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139. Sealed or locked speciman transfer bags are used as part of which of the following?

Explanation

Sealed or locked specimen transfer bags are used as part of the Chain of Custody. The Chain of Custody refers to the process of documenting and tracking the movement of evidence or specimens from the time they are collected until they are analyzed in a laboratory. By using sealed or locked transfer bags, the integrity and security of the specimens are maintained, ensuring that there is no tampering or contamination during transportation. This is crucial in maintaining the reliability and admissibility of the evidence or specimens in legal or investigative proceedings.

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140. Patients and phlebotomists must be very careful during collection of sputum samples for a tuberculosis test for which of the following reasons?

Explanation

Patients and phlebotomists must be very careful during the collection of sputum samples for a tuberculosis test because the collection containers have a poisonous preservative inside them. This means that if the containers are mishandled or broken, the preservative could potentially be released and cause harm to those involved in the collection process. Therefore, caution is necessary to ensure the safety of everyone involved.

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141. The first step in the patient care process is

Explanation

The first step in the patient care process is assessment. This involves gathering information about the patient's medical history, current symptoms, and any other relevant factors. Assessment is crucial in order to accurately diagnose and develop a treatment plan for the patient. It helps healthcare professionals understand the patient's needs and determine the appropriate course of action. By conducting a thorough assessment, healthcare providers can ensure that they are providing the best possible care for the patient.

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142. Fecal Speciman collection is used to detect which of the following?

Explanation

Fecal specimen collection is used to detect colorectal cancer. This is because the presence of blood in the stool can be an indication of colorectal cancer. By collecting a fecal specimen and testing it for occult blood, healthcare professionals can identify any potential signs of colorectal cancer and take appropriate measures for further diagnosis and treatment.

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143. Blood glucose, pregnancy, and fecal blood testing are examples of which of the following types of test?

Explanation

Blood glucose, pregnancy, and fecal blood testing are examples of waived tests. Waived tests are simple laboratory procedures that have a low risk of error and do not require extensive training or specialized equipment to perform. These tests are considered to be of low complexity and are typically performed in point-of-care settings, such as doctor's offices or clinics. They are often used for screening, diagnosis, or monitoring of certain conditions, and their results are generally reliable and easy to interpret.

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When inserting a needle the bevel should be facing
Proper technique in obtaining capillary blood
What barrier protection is required when performing a venipuncture
Blood Cultures are performed
A blood draw must be preformed on a 5 month old infant. Which of the...
Which of the following is the antiseptic of choice for venipuncture?
Failure to give pt appropriate care is called
Your pt jerks during a draw and you get stuck with the needle. You...
This governs the size / guage needle you use
Which of the following is an example of proper patient identification?
The Patient Bill of Rights gives the patient the right to
You are asked to collect a pt in the Oncology Dept. The pt is most...
A PKU is being drawn. This speciemen is
Blood in urine is called
Usually performed by RN or Respiratory Therapist
This is NOT part of a CBC (Complete Blood Count)
Most commonly used vein for venipuncture
The purpose or the accession number
A pt you were going to draw in the trauma room dies. A family member...
Patient Confidentiality is
Phlebo drew a CBC and immeidately returned to lab. The Phlebo was...
Which of the following is an appropriate introduction to a patient?
Excessively milking finger during skin puncture can result in
Cyanotic is
12-year-old female had a pregnancy test drawn. She returned to lab w/o...
Additive for Pink Tube
What is a blood culture primarily used to check for?
How far above the collection site is the tourniquet placed
An obese pt needs a CBC drawn; which vein is most likely to be used?
Most critical mistake a Phleotomist can make
Adequate rest & no food for 12 hours; this is considered to be in...
Excessive squeezing of a finger in a capillary pucture can be
Means of IDing a pt in a clinical lab (out-patient)
Microorganisms that cause disease are
The purpose of a tourniquet
Which of the following is the most commonly occurring...
A tourniquet can stay in place
Nosocomial Infection
Drug abuse is suspected; a physcian might order a collection of
OSHA require health care workers to be vaccinated against
The most important means of stopping the spread of infection is
Group of tests requested as one unit is called
To inform a patent what preparations should be performed for a test in...
Edema is
Protective measures that should be taken when working with chemical...
Tube For PT & PTT
Life Span of RBC 
Giving pt adequate info concerning the method, risk & consequences...
CDC is
Most frequently occurring lab nosocomial infection
Selerotic Veins
Additive for Gray Tube 
Additive of red/gray, red/black, SST is
If a pt has a syncopal episode during a blood draw, you should
Post-prandal means
Clean Catch midstream unrine sample is used for
Additive for Light Blue
THE RECOMMENDED DEPTH FOR AN INFANT MICROCAPILLARY COLLECTION SHOULD...
What information IS NOT placed on a specimen
"Butterfly" is also known as
Additive for Green tube
Lipemic blood is described as
Every time you come on shift the sharps container in the caddy is...
Correct ending for venipuncture
A capillary is defined as
Most common cause of Blood Culture contamination is
Which tube will give you a serum specimen
Plasma is
Red Blood Cells are
Warming the site prior to dermal puncture
Point Of Care Testing is
A Hematoma can be prevented by
For which of the following is testing of newborns required in all...
A Phlebotomist has requisition to draw from a patient with Down...
Hypoglycemia is
Best sample for determinations of blood pH and blood gases?
ERS collection tube is
This is NOT part of a CBC (Complete Blood Count)
If a pt refuses a blood draw you should
Most common complication from phlebotomy
When state required testing of an infants capillary blood is done,...
If blood is drawn from the wrong patient, you should:
C & S (Culture & Sensitivity) is analyzed by the
Destruction of Red Blood Cells
PT/PTT, CBC, Ammonia Level, Cardiac Enzymes. Put in proper Order of...
Tubes containing Anti-Coagulants are inverted
Pregnancy  Test is
This increase in proportion of formed elements to plasma caused by the...
You are drawing an in-patient for a CO-AG (coagulation) study. This is...
What is the appropriate angle to hold the slide when preparing a...
Innermost layer of a blood vessel is
The BBP OSHA regulations require this to prevent needle stick injuries
Female pt tells you that it is against her religion to be touched by a...
Before blood donation the donor should have this checked
If pt has IV in an arm; where should you draw from?
A multi-sample needle is used
An intentional attempt to touch a pt without their consent is
A Fomite is
CBC & ESR ARE DONE 
Which term is used to describe a blood donation from a patient for...
A written exposure control plan must be maintained by which of the...
Your pt's blood has been collected 3 times and every time the...
Tube used for Gluclose Testing
Blood in a plain red tube collects in
Function of Neutroophils
Blood in an average adult body
Which of the following is required for all specimens shipped to a...
Collection device used for skin puncture
Which of the following types of urine collection is required for...
Vascular phase of hemostasis is characterized by
In a hospitalized patient whose blood may be drawn every day or every...
A pt is taking asprin for arthritis. 
Boundaries for Heel Stick
For which condition is therapeutic phlebotomy commonly used?
Antiglycolytic agent the preserves glucose stability for (3) days
21G, 23G, 18G, 16G - which is the smallest needle
Function of Thrombocytes is
Pt suffering from seasonal allergies. What would be the picture of her...
Complication results from repeated draws from the same vein
Called to ER to draw a CBC & Forensic Alcohol from a pt involved...
Formed cellular Elements of blood consititute
Under which o the following circumstances should you place a patient...
Which of the following is NOT a common complication of venipuncture?
Which of the following veins is most commonly used for venipuncture in...
You collect a STAT Electrolytes in a
Operational Standards are established by which of the following...
Vacuum of tube decreases with
If a tourniquet is tied too tight, the capillaries rupture causing
You are on night shift and receive orders for all of the following...
A patient can donate blood if he or she
Patient admitted to ER is unconscious & unidentifiable. What...
Test where blood & urine are collected over specific intervals
Quality Assurance is
Tubes needed for culture and sensitivity tests may be kept at room...
These have valves
A patient has never had his blood drawn before. When explaining...
For which of the following tests would a first voided morning urine...
Appropriate tube to draw blood for a Lead Level
Sealed or locked speciman transfer bags are used as part of which of...
Patients and phlebotomists must be very careful during collection of...
The first step in the patient care process is
Fecal Speciman collection is used to detect which of the following?
Blood glucose, pregnancy, and fecal blood testing are examples of...
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