Can You Pass This Phlebotomy State Exam Quiz?

The correct answer is red because an evacuated tube with a red colored stopper is typically used to collect blood without an additive. Different color stoppers are used for different types of blood collection tubes, and the red stopper is specifically designed for collecting plain blood samples without any additives or anticoagulants.

The correct answer is "no" because drawing blood from a fully cognizant patient without their consent is a violation of their rights and autonomy. Informed consent is a fundamental principle in medical ethics, and healthcare professionals must respect a patient's decision to refuse any medical procedure, including blood draw.

Safe working conditions for employees are regulated by OSHA, which stands for the Occupational Safety and Health Administration. OSHA is a federal agency that sets and enforces standards to ensure safe and healthy working conditions for employees in the United States. They provide guidelines and regulations that employers must follow to protect their workers from hazards, such as unsafe machinery, toxic substances, and dangerous working environments. OSHA also conducts inspections and investigations to ensure compliance with these standards and can impose penalties on employers who fail to provide a safe workplace.

Veins have thinner walls than arteries because they are responsible for carrying deoxygenated blood back to the heart from the body's tissues. Since the blood in veins is under lower pressure compared to arteries, the walls of veins do not need to be as thick or strong. Additionally, veins have valves to prevent backflow of blood, which further contributes to their thinner walls.

In a routine venipuncture, the lavender tube should be drawn before the red tube. This statement is false. In a routine venipuncture, the order of draw is important to prevent cross-contamination of additives between tubes. The correct order of draw is typically a discard tube, followed by tubes with additives (such as the lavender tube), and then tubes without additives (such as the red tube). Drawing the lavender tube before the red tube would violate the proper order of draw and could lead to inaccurate test results.

A clean catch test is collected in a sterile cup because it is important to collect the urine sample in a clean and uncontaminated container. Using a sterile cup helps to prevent any outside bacteria or contaminants from entering the sample, ensuring accurate test results. Additionally, a sterile cup is easy to handle and transport to the laboratory for further analysis.

The light blue top is used for PT (prothrombin time) and PTT (partial thromboplastin time) tests. These tests are used to evaluate the clotting ability of the blood and to diagnose and monitor bleeding disorders. The light blue top tube contains sodium citrate as an anticoagulant, which prevents the blood from clotting by binding to calcium ions. This allows accurate measurement of clotting factors and clotting times in the laboratory.

Antibiotics are drugs that are specifically designed to destroy or kill bacteria that cause disease. They work by targeting the structure or function of bacteria, either by inhibiting their growth or by directly killing them. Disinfectants, germicides, and sterilizers are all types of agents that are used to kill or eliminate microorganisms, but they are not specifically targeted towards bacteria. Therefore, the correct answer is antibiotics.

Sweat is not known to transmit HIV because the virus cannot survive outside the human body for long periods of time. HIV is primarily transmitted through specific bodily fluids such as blood, semen, vaginal secretions, and breast milk, which contain a high concentration of the virus. However, sweat does not contain enough HIV to transmit the infection, making it an unlikely mode of transmission.

Treating all lab specimens as if they are hazardous and infectious is the basis for universal precautions. Universal precautions refer to the set of guidelines and practices implemented in healthcare settings to prevent the transmission of infectious diseases. By assuming that all specimens are potentially hazardous, healthcare professionals take necessary precautions such as wearing gloves, masks, and other protective equipment, practicing proper hand hygiene, and following appropriate disposal procedures. This approach ensures the safety of both healthcare workers and patients, minimizing the risk of infection transmission.

The needle with the smallest bore or diameter is the 23 Gauge needle. Gauge refers to the size of the needle, with a higher gauge number indicating a smaller needle diameter. Therefore, out of the given options, the 23 Gauge needle has the smallest bore or diameter.

Treating all specimens as if they are hazardous and infectious is the basis for universal precautions. Universal precautions refer to the practice of treating all patients and specimens as potentially infectious, regardless of their actual infection status. This approach helps to minimize the risk of transmission of pathogens and ensures the safety of healthcare workers and others who come into contact with potentially infectious materials.

The phlebotomist must manually label a blood collection tube from an outpatient with the patient's full name and phlebotomist initials, the date of the patient's birth and/or social security number, and the date and time of draw. All of this information is necessary to ensure accurate identification and tracking of the blood sample.

Eating and drinking in a laboratory setting can be hazardous as it can lead to contamination of samples, equipment, and potentially cause accidents. Therefore, it is important to restrict eating and drinking to designated clean areas where the risk of contamination is minimized. This helps to maintain a safe and clean environment for conducting experiments and handling sensitive materials.

An unbalanced centrifuge can cause tube breakage during centrifugation. When the centrifuge is unbalanced, it can create excessive vibrations and uneven forces, which can lead to the tubes breaking. This can be a result of uneven distribution of the samples in the centrifuge rotor or improper alignment of the rotor. It is important to properly balance the centrifuge and ensure that the samples are evenly distributed to prevent tube breakage during centrifugation.

During the contraction of the heart, known as systole, blood is forcefully pumped out of the heart into the arteries. This results in a peak pressure that is exerted on the walls of the arteries. This peak pressure is referred to as systolic pressure. It represents the maximum pressure within the arterial system and is typically measured as the higher value in a blood pressure reading.

Capillary blood sampling may be used if the laboratory tests require very little blood. Capillary blood sampling involves pricking the skin to obtain a small amount of blood from the capillaries near the surface. This method is commonly used for tests that require only a small volume of blood, such as glucose monitoring or certain point-of-care tests. It is less invasive and more convenient compared to venous blood sampling, which requires larger volumes of blood to be drawn from a vein.

A drug screen may require a chain of custody because it is a procedure used to detect the presence of drugs or their metabolites in a person's body. It is often used in legal or employment settings where the results may have significant consequences. The chain of custody ensures the integrity and reliability of the test results by carefully documenting the handling, storage, and transportation of the specimen from the time it is collected to the time it is analyzed. This process helps to prevent tampering or contamination of the sample, ensuring accurate and reliable results.

The test that must be performed on whole blood is a complete blood count (CBC). This test provides information about the different components of blood, including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. It can help diagnose various conditions such as anemia, infections, and blood disorders. By analyzing the CBC results, healthcare professionals can assess a person's overall health and detect any abnormalities or underlying medical conditions.

If someone is cyanotic, their skin may appear bluish. Cyanosis is a condition characterized by a bluish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes. It occurs when there is a lack of oxygen in the blood, leading to the presence of deoxygenated hemoglobin. This causes the skin to take on a bluish tint, particularly in areas with thin skin such as the lips, fingertips, and nail beds. Cyanosis can be a sign of a serious underlying medical condition and should be evaluated by a healthcare professional.

Bacteria and parasites belong to the biologic hazard category because they are living organisms that can cause harm or disease to humans. Unlike chemical or physical hazards, which involve non-living substances or forces, biologic hazards involve the presence of microorganisms that can infect and harm the human body. These microorganisms can be found in various environments, such as food, water, and soil, and can cause a range of illnesses and infections if ingested or come into contact with the body. Therefore, bacteria and parasites are considered biologic hazards.

Medical asepsis refers to the practices and procedures used to prevent the spread of infection and eliminate pathogens outside the body. This includes disinfecting surfaces, sterilizing equipment, and practicing proper hand hygiene. By destroying pathogens outside the body, medical asepsis helps to create a clean and safe environment for patients and healthcare providers, reducing the risk of infection transmission. Therefore, the statement "Medical Asepsis is the destruction of pathogens outside the body" is true.

Sodium citrate is the additive commonly found in light blue tubes. This additive is used as an anticoagulant, preventing blood from clotting. Light blue tubes are typically used for coagulation tests, which require the blood to remain in a liquid state. Sodium citrate helps maintain the integrity of the blood sample by preventing clotting, allowing accurate testing to be performed.

Oxygen-poor blood enters the heart through the right atrium. This is because the right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the body's tissues through the superior and inferior vena cava. From the right atrium, the blood flows into the right ventricle and then gets pumped to the lungs to pick up oxygen. Therefore, the statement is true.

POC testing, or point-of-care testing, is conducted at the patient's bed. This means that the testing is done right where the patient is located, rather than in a separate medical lab. This type of testing allows for immediate results and faster decision-making for patient care. It eliminates the need to transport samples to a lab and wait for the results, making it more convenient and efficient for both the healthcare provider and the patient.

Blinking eyes is not a common symptom of shock. Shock is a life-threatening condition that occurs when there is a lack of blood flow to the body's organs and tissues. Common symptoms of shock include clammy skin, weak pulse, and shallow breathing. However, blinking eyes is not typically associated with shock.

A complete blood count (CBC) is collected in an evacuated tube with a lavender stopper. Different color stoppers are used for different types of blood tests to ensure proper collection and processing. In the case of a CBC, a lavender stopper is used because it contains an anticoagulant called EDTA, which prevents the blood from clotting and allows for accurate measurement of blood cell counts. The lavender stopper is specifically designed for hematological tests like CBC, making it the correct choice for collecting blood for this particular test.

Vacuum tubes are designed to collect blood samples by creating a negative pressure or vacuum inside the tube. This vacuum helps in drawing the blood into the tube when it is inserted into a vein. Therefore, the correct answer is "tube vacuum" as it is the mechanism responsible for filling the vacuum tubes with blood.

The left ventricle is responsible for pumping oxygenated blood to the aorta, which is the largest artery in the body. From the aorta, the oxygenated blood is distributed to the rest of the body's tissues and organs. This process is essential for delivering oxygen and nutrients to the cells and removing waste products. Therefore, the statement is true.

Lipemic blood serum appears milky due to the presence of high levels of lipids (fats) in the blood. This can occur as a result of various conditions such as hyperlipidemia, diabetes, obesity, or certain medications. The milky appearance is caused by the scattering of light by the lipid particles, giving the serum a cloudy or turbid appearance. Lipemic serum can interfere with laboratory tests and may need to be clarified before accurate results can be obtained.

When the body has adequate rest and no food for 12 hours, it enters a basal state. During this state, the body's metabolism slows down to conserve energy. This allows the body to maintain essential functions and carry out basic processes, such as regulating body temperature and breathing, while minimizing energy expenditure. The basal state is important for maintaining overall health and balance in the body.

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Chlorhexidine is commonly used as a component in disinfectant solutions for the collection of blood cultures. It is known for its broad-spectrum antimicrobial properties and is effective against a wide range of bacteria, fungi, and viruses. Chlorhexidine is often used as a skin antiseptic due to its ability to kill or inhibit the growth of microorganisms on the skin, reducing the risk of infection during procedures such as blood culture collection.

Diastolic pressure refers to the bottom number of blood pressure readings. Blood pressure is measured using two numbers: systolic pressure, which is the top number, and diastolic pressure, which is the bottom number. The diastolic pressure represents the pressure in the arteries when the heart is at rest between beats. It is an important indicator of cardiovascular health and helps in diagnosing conditions like hypertension.

Vigorous mixing can activate platelets, which are essential for clotting. When platelets are activated, they release chemicals that initiate the clotting process. This can lead to a faster clotting time, as the platelets become more responsive and efficient in forming a clot. Therefore, the statement is true.

When collecting a blood culture with a butterfly into culture bottles, the aerobic bottle is filled first. This is because aerobic bacteria require oxygen to grow and thrive, while anaerobic bacteria do not require oxygen and can survive in environments without it. By filling the aerobic bottle first, it ensures that any aerobic bacteria present in the blood sample have access to the oxygen they need for growth, while the anaerobic bottle can be filled afterwards to capture any anaerobic bacteria that may be present.

Homeostasis refers to the body's ability to maintain a stable internal environment despite external changes. It involves various physiological processes that regulate body temperature, blood pressure, pH levels, and other vital parameters within a narrow range. This balance is crucial for optimal functioning of the body's cells, tissues, and organs. Homeostasis ensures that the body can adapt and respond to different conditions while keeping its internal environment relatively constant.

EDTA is the additive in a pink tube. EDTA stands for ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, which is a chelating agent that binds to calcium ions in the blood. This prevents the blood from clotting by inhibiting the coagulation cascade. The pink tube is commonly used for collecting blood samples for hematology tests, such as complete blood count (CBC) and blood typing. The EDTA additive helps preserve the integrity of the blood sample and prevents clot formation, allowing accurate analysis of the blood components.

Hemolysis is the best definition of the destruction of red blood cells. Hemolysis refers to the rupture or destruction of red blood cells, leading to the release of hemoglobin. This can occur due to various factors such as infections, autoimmune disorders, or certain medications. Hemolysis can result in the release of free hemoglobin into the bloodstream, leading to symptoms such as anemia, jaundice, and fatigue.

Negligence refers to the failure to provide reasonable standards of care, resulting in harm or injury to someone. It involves a breach of duty of care owed to another person, where the responsible party fails to act in a reasonable and prudent manner. Negligence can occur in various contexts, such as medical malpractice, car accidents, or slip and fall incidents. It is a legal concept used to hold individuals or entities accountable for their actions or omissions that cause harm to others.

A CBC (Complete Blood Count) is a common blood test that provides information about the different components of blood such as red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. Hematology is the branch of laboratory medicine that deals with the study of blood and blood disorders. Therefore, a CBC would be sent to the hematology lab section for analysis and interpretation.

The urinary system is responsible for filtering blood to eliminate waste, maintaining blood pH, and regulating water balance. The kidneys in the urinary system filter waste products from the blood, such as urea and excess water, and excrete them as urine. The urinary system also helps to regulate the balance of electrolytes and maintain the pH of the blood by reabsorbing or excreting certain ions. Overall, the urinary system plays a vital role in maintaining homeostasis and removing waste products from the body.

A blue tube top is used when sodium citrate is added as an additive.

The needle with the largest gauge is 16. Gauge refers to the size of the needle's opening, with a larger gauge indicating a larger opening. Therefore, out of the given options, 16 has the largest gauge.

Hematuria is another name for blood in the urine. This condition occurs when there is blood present in the urine, which can be a sign of various underlying health issues such as urinary tract infections, kidney stones, bladder or kidney infections, or even more serious conditions like kidney disease or cancer. Hematuria can be visible to the naked eye or only detectable under a microscope. It is important to seek medical attention if blood is present in the urine to determine the cause and receive appropriate treatment.

Recapping needles before putting them into the sharps container is not recommended because it increases the risk of accidental needlestick injuries. The correct procedure is to never recap needles and instead dispose of them immediately after use. This helps to prevent the spread of infections and ensures the safety of healthcare workers and others who handle the sharps container.

The first tube collected with a butterfly will underfill due to air in the line. This is because when the butterfly is initially opened, there may be air trapped in the tubing, which can result in an underfilled tube.

The correct answer is coagulation because coagulation tests are typically collected in a light blue tube. Coagulation tests assess the blood's ability to form clots, and the light blue tube contains an anticoagulant called sodium citrate, which prevents clotting during the collection process. This allows for accurate testing of the blood's coagulation factors.

The evacuated tube system for venipuncture consists of a vacuum collection tube with a color-coded stopper, a special plastic holder known as an adapter, and a double-sided multi-sample needle with a slanted bore. The compartmentalized, hard shell collection tray is not a component of the system.

When making a blood smear using two glass slides, the recommended angle of contact between them is approximately 30 degrees. This angle allows for an optimal distribution of the blood sample on the slide, ensuring a thin and even smear. A steeper angle may result in a thicker smear, making it difficult to observe individual cells, while a shallower angle may cause the blood to spread unevenly. Therefore, a 30-degree angle is considered ideal for creating a well-prepared blood smear.

The correct answer is light blue because an evacuated tube with a light blue stopper is commonly used for collecting blood for a prothrombin time test. The light blue stopper indicates that the tube contains sodium citrate as an anticoagulant, which is necessary for accurate prothrombin time testing. Sodium citrate prevents blood from clotting by binding to calcium ions, allowing for the measurement of clotting time. Therefore, using a light blue stopper ensures the proper collection and preservation of blood samples for prothrombin time testing.

Normal serum is usually straw to yellow in color. This is because serum is the clear, yellowish fluid that remains after blood has clotted and the blood cells have been removed. The color of serum is determined by various factors, including the presence of certain pigments and proteins. In a healthy individual, the serum is typically a pale yellow color, resembling straw. This color can vary slightly depending on the individual's hydration status and diet.

Infections that can be spread from person to person are called communicable. This term refers to diseases or illnesses that can be transmitted through direct contact, such as through respiratory droplets, bodily fluids, or skin-to-skin contact. Communicable diseases can also be spread indirectly through contaminated objects or surfaces. This term is commonly used in the field of public health to describe the ability of an infection to be passed from one individual to another.

Shock is a condition in which there is a lack of blood flow to the body's vital organs. Common symptoms of shock include pale skin, increased shallow breathing rate, and a weak pulse. However, temperature is not typically considered a symptom of shock.

Phlebotomists are required by OSHA to receive training and educational information on various topics to ensure their safety and the safety of others. This includes knowledge about blood borne pathogens, needle and safety handling, and glass and sharps disposal. However, preventing identification errors is not explicitly mentioned in the question as a topic that OSHA requires training on. Therefore, it can be inferred that preventing identification errors is the correct answer.

When a 5 millimeter evacuated tube appears to extract blood with too much force from a weak vein, causing the vein to collapse, using a pediatric sized tube might yield better results. This is because a pediatric sized tube has a smaller diameter compared to other options, allowing for a gentler extraction of blood that is less likely to cause the vein to collapse.

When it is stated that serum is depleted of fibrogen, it means that the level of fibrogen in the serum is low or nonexistent. Fibrogen is a protein that is important for blood clotting. Therefore, if the serum is depleted of fibrogen, it suggests that the blood clotting ability may be compromised. Hence, the statement is true.

Normal coagulation takes approximately 30-60 minutes in a red topped tube.

Red and white blood cell counts are examples of hematology tests because hematology is the branch of medicine that deals with the study of blood, blood-forming organs, and blood diseases. This branch specifically focuses on the examination of blood cells, including red blood cells and white blood cells, to diagnose and monitor various conditions and diseases related to the blood. Therefore, hematology is the correct answer in this context.

The statement "they are all the same size and shape" is not true because white blood cells (WBCs) come in different sizes and shapes. There are several types of WBCs, including neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils, each with their own distinct characteristics. Neutrophils are the most common type of WBC and are usually the first to arrive at the site of infection or inflammation. Lymphocytes are responsible for immune responses and can be further divided into T cells and B cells. Monocytes are larger cells that can differentiate into macrophages, which are involved in phagocytosis. Eosinophils and basophils are involved in allergic reactions and parasitic infections. Therefore, WBCs are not all the same size and shape.

The mottled green and gray topped tubes do not contain EDTA. The other options, lavender tube tops, pink plastic top tubes with special blood bank patient ID label, and pearl top tubes with thixotropic gel separator, all contain EDTA as an anticoagulant.

The correct answer is lumen. The lumen refers to the internal space or cavity of a blood vessel. It is the hollow area through which blood flows. The lumen is surrounded by the walls of the blood vessel, which can be composed of different layers such as the tunica intima, tunica media, and tunica externa. The lumen is where the blood is contained and transported within the blood vessel.

The test that requires a 24-hour urine specimen is Creatinine Clearance. This test is used to measure how well the kidneys are functioning by determining the amount of creatinine that is cleared from the blood and excreted in the urine over a 24-hour period. By measuring the creatinine levels, doctors can assess kidney function and diagnose conditions such as kidney disease or impairment.

A gauge 21 multi-sample needle is considered to be the standard. The gauge of a needle refers to its diameter, with a higher gauge indicating a smaller diameter. A gauge 21 needle is commonly used for drawing blood samples and is suitable for most routine blood tests. It provides a good balance between patient comfort and sample collection efficiency.

Assumption of risk refers to the consent given by a patient for a particular treatment after fully understanding all the potential risks and unavoidable outcomes associated with it. It implies that the patient willingly accepts the risks involved and cannot hold the healthcare provider responsible for any negative consequences that may arise from the treatment. This concept is important in medical ethics and legal frameworks to ensure that patients are fully informed and have the autonomy to make decisions about their own healthcare.

Blood types are determined by the presence or absence of antigens on red blood cells (RBCs). Antigens are molecules that can stimulate an immune response in the body. Different blood types have different types of antigens on their RBCs. These antigens can be recognized by antibodies in the blood, which can lead to an immune reaction if incompatible blood types are mixed. Therefore, the presence or absence of antigens on RBCs is crucial in determining blood types.

EDTA, which stands for ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, is a common chelating agent used in laboratories and industries. It is known to bind to metal ions, preventing them from interfering with chemical reactions. However, if EDTA is not properly removed or neutralized, it can carry over into subsequent experiments or processes, leading to contamination and inaccurate results. Therefore, EDTA is indeed a common source of carry over problems.

The relaxing phase of the cardiac cycle is diastole. During diastole, the heart muscles relax, allowing the chambers to fill with blood. This phase is crucial for the heart to rest and prepare for the next contraction. Bradycardia refers to an abnormally slow heart rate, systole is the contraction phase of the cardiac cycle, and infarction refers to tissue death due to lack of blood supply.

Creatinine clearance is a test used to measure how well the kidneys are functioning. It involves collecting a urine sample and a blood sample to measure the amount of creatinine, a waste product, that is cleared from the body by the kidneys. This test helps to assess the glomerular filtration rate (GFR), which is an indicator of kidney function. By measuring creatinine clearance, healthcare professionals can diagnose and monitor conditions such as kidney disease, kidney damage, and evaluate the effectiveness of certain medications that may affect kidney function.

ABGs stands for Arterial Blood Gases. It is a test that measures the levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood, as well as the acidity (pH) of the blood. This test is used to assess how well the respiratory system is functioning and to diagnose and monitor respiratory conditions such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and respiratory failure. It provides important information about the efficiency of gas exchange in the lungs and the overall acid-base balance in the body.

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Bioethics is the correct answer because it refers to the branch of study that deals with moral issues and questions that arise in the practice of medicine and biomedical research. It involves examining ethical dilemmas and making decisions regarding medical treatments, research protocols, and patient care. Philosophy is a broad field that encompasses the study of various aspects of knowledge, including ethics, but it does not specifically focus on medical ethics. Litigation refers to the process of taking legal action, which is not directly related to the study of moral issues in medicine. Morals, while related to ethics, do not encompass the specific study of ethical issues in medicine and biomedical research.

Sterilization is the correct answer because it refers to the process of completely eliminating all forms of microbial life, including highly resistant bacterial endospores. This procedure is more thorough than disinfection, which only reduces the number of microorganisms but may not eliminate all of them. Detoxification and acid washing are not specific to microbial life elimination and do not encompass the complete destruction of all microorganisms.

During a bleeding time test, blood should be blotted at 30-second intervals. This interval allows for an adequate amount of time to observe the bleeding and determine the rate at which it stops. Blotting the blood at shorter intervals may not provide enough time to accurately assess the bleeding, while longer intervals may cause delays in identifying the cessation of bleeding. Therefore, 30 seconds is the optimal interval for this test.

EDTA is filled last when using a syringe according to CLSI. This is because EDTA is an anticoagulant that prevents blood from clotting by binding to calcium ions. By filling the EDTA tube last, it ensures that the other tubes have enough blood for testing purposes before the anticoagulant is added. This helps to maintain the integrity of the blood samples and ensures accurate test results.

Battery refers to the act of intentionally and unlawfully touching or striking another person without their consent. It involves physical contact that is offensive or harmful to the victim. This term is commonly used in the legal context to describe the offense of physically assaulting someone. Therefore, the correct answer is battery.

Lavender tubes must be 2/3 full because this is the standard requirement for proper blood collection and testing. When the tube is filled to this level, it ensures that there is enough blood for accurate analysis while leaving enough space for proper mixing of the anticoagulant or additive present in the tube. Filling the tube to a different level may result in inaccurate test results or improper functioning of the additives. Therefore, it is important to follow this guideline to ensure the reliability of the test results.

The correct answer is 8. This means that the gray tube needs to be inverted 8 times. However, without any context or additional information, it is difficult to provide a specific explanation for why the gray tube needs to be inverted 8 times.

Lymph originates from tissue fluid. Tissue fluid is the fluid that surrounds the cells in the body's tissues. It is formed from the blood plasma that leaks out of the capillaries and bathes the cells, providing them with nutrients and removing waste products. This fluid is then collected by the lymphatic system and becomes lymph. Lymph plays a crucial role in the immune system, transporting immune cells and filtering out any harmful substances before returning the fluid back to the bloodstream.

Sputum is collected to diagnose tuberculosis because tuberculosis is a respiratory infection that primarily affects the lungs. Sputum, which is the mucus and other material coughed up from the respiratory tract, can contain the bacteria that causes tuberculosis. By collecting and analyzing sputum samples, healthcare professionals can detect the presence of tuberculosis bacteria and diagnose the infection. This helps in initiating appropriate treatment and preventing the spread of the disease.

Skin antisepsis is the most critical aspect of blood culture collection because it helps to prevent contamination of the blood sample with bacteria or other microorganisms that may be present on the skin. Properly disinfecting the skin before collecting the blood sample reduces the risk of false-positive results and ensures that the culture accurately reflects the presence or absence of infection in the bloodstream.

Capillary puncture reference ranges for glucose are higher because capillary blood samples may contain more interstitial fluid, which can dilute the glucose concentration compared to venous blood samples. Therefore, higher reference ranges are established to account for this dilution effect and accurately interpret glucose levels in capillary blood samples.

A nosocomial infection refers to an infection that is acquired in a hospital or healthcare facility. In this case, the catheter site of an ICU patient becoming infected is an example of a nosocomial infection. This means that the patient developed an infection at the site where the catheter was inserted, likely due to the presence of bacteria or other pathogens in the hospital environment.

When someone is in shock, it is important to keep them warm, not cool. Shock is a life-threatening condition that occurs when there is not enough blood flow to the body's organs. Keeping the person warm helps to prevent further heat loss and maintain their body temperature. Cooling them down could worsen their condition and potentially lead to complications. Therefore, the correct answer is false.

The correct answer is "completely" because the phrase "must be" indicates that the tubes should be filled to their maximum capacity. Therefore, the tubes should be filled completely.

The term asepsis literally means without bacteria. Asepsis refers to the absence or prevention of bacteria, viruses, or other microorganisms that can cause infection. It is a state of cleanliness and sterility in medical or surgical procedures to minimize the risk of contamination and prevent the spread of infections.

Epithelial tissue covers and protects the body. It forms the outer layer of the skin and lines the internal organs and cavities. This tissue acts as a barrier, preventing the entry of harmful substances and pathogens into the body. It also helps in absorption, secretion, and sensation. Epithelial tissue is composed of tightly packed cells that are closely connected, providing strength and integrity to the body's surfaces.

The question asks for the preferred choice among the given options. The answer states that the preferred choice is Option 1.

During vein selection, the patient should not pump their fist. This is because pumping the fist can cause the veins to become engorged and may make it more difficult to locate and access a suitable vein for procedures such as venipuncture or intravenous therapy. Pumping the fist can also increase the risk of complications such as hematoma or phlebitis. Therefore, it is important for the patient to keep their hand still and relaxed during vein selection.

When performing a venipuncture, it is important to cleanse the site properly to prevent infection. The correct technique involves cleansing the site in a circular motion from the center to the periphery. This ensures that any potential contaminants are pushed away from the puncture site, reducing the risk of introducing bacteria into the bloodstream. Cleansing in the opposite direction or at the injection point may increase the chances of contamination, making these options incorrect. Therefore, the correct answer is periphery.

When an infant is screaming during a CBC test, it can cause an increase in the white blood cell count (WBC). This is because crying and distress can activate the sympathetic nervous system, leading to the release of stress hormones such as cortisol. These hormones can stimulate the bone marrow to produce more white blood cells, resulting in an elevated WBC count.

The Good Samaritan Law does not specifically address healthcare workers, but rather provides legal protection to individuals who provide assistance at the scene of an emergency. It protects them from being sued for any harm that may occur while providing emergency care in good faith. However, healthcare workers are already protected by their professional standards and scope of practice, so the Good Samaritan Law does not grant them additional legal protection to provide care outside of their normal field. Therefore, the statement is false.

Microbiology is the lab section that would analyze the C&S test. This is because C&S stands for culture and sensitivity, which is a test used to identify the presence of bacteria or fungi in a sample and determine the most effective antibiotic treatment. Microbiology is the branch of science that deals with the study of microorganisms, including bacteria and fungi, making it the appropriate lab section for analyzing the C&S test.

Sodium Fluoride preserves glucose for 3 days.

If tests require serum rather than plasma, a tube with a red top should be drawn. The color of the top indicates the type of additive or anticoagulant present in the tube. In this case, the red top tube contains a clot activator or serum separator gel, which helps to separate the serum from the blood cells after centrifugation. Serum is the liquid portion of blood that is obtained after the blood has clotted and the clot has been removed. Therefore, drawing blood into a tube with a red top is necessary to obtain serum for testing.

Congestive heart failure is a heart disorder characterized by fluid buildup in the lungs. This occurs when the heart is unable to pump blood effectively, causing fluid to accumulate in the lungs and other parts of the body. Symptoms of congestive heart failure include shortness of breath, fatigue, and fluid retention. It can be caused by various factors such as coronary artery disease, high blood pressure, or heart valve problems. Treatment aims to manage symptoms, improve heart function, and address the underlying cause of the condition.

When serum is lipemic, it appears milky or cloudy due to the presence of excess lipids or fats. This can occur when a patient is not fasting because consuming fatty foods can increase the level of lipids in the blood. Therefore, lipemic serum is a clue that the patient is not fasting.

Repeated venipuncture in the same vein can cause phlebitis. Phlebitis is the inflammation of a vein, which can occur due to repeated trauma to the vein from multiple venipunctures. This can lead to pain, redness, swelling, and the formation of a blood clot (thrombus) in the vein. Hemolysis, on the other hand, refers to the breakdown of red blood cells, while petechiae are small red or purple spots on the skin caused by bleeding underneath the skin.

Squeezing the finger too vigorously during capillary blood collection can cause erroneous lab results due to dilution with tissue fluid. When the finger is squeezed too hard, excess tissue fluid is forced into the collection site, leading to an increased volume of fluid in the sample. This can result in a dilution of the blood, affecting the accuracy of the lab results. It is important to avoid excessive squeezing to ensure accurate and reliable test results.

During an intravenous infusion, it is important not to draw blood because it can disrupt the flow of the infusion and potentially cause complications. Drawing blood during the infusion can lead to a decrease in the amount of medication or fluid being delivered to the patient, which can affect the effectiveness of the treatment. Additionally, drawing blood during the infusion can increase the risk of infection or damage to the vein. Therefore, it is best to avoid drawing blood during an intravenous infusion.

The concept being described in the question is that a health care worker is protected by law if they can demonstrate that their actions were in line with what would be expected of their colleagues in similar circumstances. This concept is known as "reasonable care." It suggests that as long as the health care worker acted in a manner that was considered reasonable and appropriate compared to their peers, they will be protected legally.