Pharmacology Chapters 1 And 2

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Quizzes Created: 3 | Total Attempts: 8,103

Questions: 118 | Attempts: 3,003 | Updated: Mar 22, 2023

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Questions and Answers

1.

Which information is of highest priority when obtaining a pharmacologic history from a patient?
- A.
  
  Allergies
- B.
  
  Use of over-the-counter medications
- C.
  
  Home remedy use
- D.
  
  Alcohol intake
Correct Answer
A. Allergies

Explanation
When obtaining a pharmacologic history from a patient, the highest priority information is allergies. This is because allergies can have serious and potentially life-threatening reactions when exposed to certain medications. Knowing about a patient's allergies allows healthcare providers to avoid prescribing or administering medications that could cause an allergic reaction. It helps ensure patient safety and prevents adverse drug reactions. Therefore, allergies are crucial information that healthcare providers need to prioritize when obtaining a pharmacologic history.

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2.

During the implementation phase of the nursing process, which action will the nurse perform when administering medications?
- A.
  
  Switch the route of administration based on drug availability.
- B.
  
  Call the patient by name when entering the room to verify the drug is for the right person.
- C.
  
  Check the patient’s armband before administering the medication.
- D.
  
  Prepare medications for all patients first, then administer by room to manage time
Correct Answer
C. Check the patient’s armband before administering the medication.

Explanation
The nurse will check the patient's armband before administering the medication to ensure that it is being given to the right person. This is an important safety measure to prevent medication errors and ensure that the patient receives the correct medication. By verifying the patient's identity before administering the medication, the nurse can ensure that the medication is appropriate for the patient and avoid any potential harm.

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3.

For which activity is the nurse responsible during the evaluation phase of drug administration?
- A.
  
  Preparing and administering prescribed medications safely
- B.
  
  Planning measurable outcomes for the patient related to drug therapy
- C.
  
  Monitoring the patient continuously for therapeutic as well as adverse effects
- D.
  
  Gathering data in a drug and dietary history
Correct Answer
C. Monitoring the patient continuously for therapeutic as well as adverse effects

Explanation
During the evaluation phase of drug administration, the nurse is responsible for monitoring the patient continuously for therapeutic as well as adverse effects. This involves closely observing the patient's response to the medication, assessing for any positive or negative effects, and documenting any changes or concerns. By monitoring the patient, the nurse can ensure the effectiveness and safety of the drug therapy and make any necessary adjustments or interventions.

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4.

The nurse should include which information when evaluating the outcome after a patient’s medication has been administered?
- A.
  
  Dose of medication administered
- B.
  
  Time medication administered
- C.
  
  Patient allergies to medications
- D.
  
  Therapeutic effect of patient
Correct Answer
D. Therapeutic effect of patient

Explanation
When evaluating the outcome after a patient's medication has been administered, it is important for the nurse to include the information about the therapeutic effect of the patient. This information helps the nurse determine whether the medication is achieving the desired effect and if it is helping the patient's condition improve. By evaluating the therapeutic effect, the nurse can assess the effectiveness of the medication and make any necessary adjustments to the treatment plan. The dose of medication administered, time of administration, and patient allergies are also important factors to consider, but they do not directly provide information about the medication's effectiveness in achieving the desired therapeutic effect.

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5.

The nurse should check a medication how many times before administration of a medication under the “right drug” part of the Six Rights?
- A.
  
  One time
- B.
  
  Three times
- C.
  
  Five times
- D.
  
  Depends on the drug being administered
Correct Answer
B. Three times

Explanation
The nurse should check a medication three times before administration of a medication under the "right drug" part of the Six Rights. This ensures that the nurse verifies the medication label and compares it with the medication order or prescription. Checking the medication three times helps to minimize the risk of medication errors and ensures patient safety.

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6.

The nurse notes that a medication was scheduled to be administered at 0900. A medication error has occurred if the medication was administered at which time?
- A.
  
  0800
- B.
  
  0830
- C.
  
  0900
- D.
  
  0930
Correct Answer
A. 0800

Explanation
If the medication was scheduled to be administered at 0900 and it was actually administered at 0800, a medication error has occurred. This is because the medication was given earlier than the scheduled time, which could potentially affect the effectiveness and safety of the medication.

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7.

While the nurse is taking an admission history, the patient reports having a previous allergic reaction to penicillins. What will the nurse document as part of the patient’s allergic reaction response to penicillins?
- A.
  
  Hives
- B.
  
  Dry eyes
- C.
  
  Frequent urination
- D.
  
  Constipation
Correct Answer
A. Hives

Explanation
The nurse will document hives as part of the patient's allergic reaction response to penicillins. Hives are a common symptom of an allergic reaction and are characterized by raised, itchy, and red welts on the skin. This response occurs when the immune system releases histamine, causing blood vessels to leak fluid into the skin. It is important for the nurse to document this information accurately to ensure that the patient is not prescribed penicillins in the future and is provided with appropriate alternative medications.

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8.

The nursing process is important as a well-established, research-supported framework for professional nursing practice. Which is the correct order for the steps of the nursing process?
- A.
  
  Evaluation, Planning, Diagnoses, Assessment, Implementation
- B.
  
  Planning, Assessment, Diagnoses, Implementation, Evaluation
- C.
  
  Diagnoses, Assessment, Planning, Evaluation, Implementation
- D.
  
  Assessment, Diagnoses, Planning, Implementation, Evaluation
Correct Answer
D. Assessment, Diagnoses, Planning, Implementation, Evaluation

Explanation
The correct order for the steps of the nursing process is assessment, diagnoses, planning, implementation, and evaluation. This order allows nurses to gather information about the patient's health status, identify any health problems or needs, create a plan of care, carry out interventions, and then evaluate the effectiveness of those interventions. This systematic approach ensures that nurses provide comprehensive and individualized care to their patients.

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9.

The nurse has an order for administering a medication to the patient. Which providers have legal authority to prescribe medications for patients? (Select all that apply.)
- A.
  
  Physician
- B.
  
  Physical therapist
- C.
  
  Pharmacist
- D.
  
  Dentist
- E.
  
  Physician assistant
- F.
  
  Nurse practitioner
Correct Answer(s)
A. Physician
D. Dentist
E. Physician assistant
F. Nurse practitioner

Explanation
The nurse has an order for administering a medication to the patient. In order to legally prescribe medications for patients, the providers must have the legal authority to do so. Among the options given, physicians, dentists, physician assistants, and nurse practitioners have the legal authority to prescribe medications for patients. Physical therapists and pharmacists do not have the legal authority to prescribe medications.

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10.

Which phase of the nursing process requires the nurse to establish a comprehensive baseline of data concerning a particular patient?
- A.
  
  Assessment
- B.
  
  Planning
- C.
  
  Implementation
- D.
  
  Evaluation
Correct Answer
A. Assessment

Explanation
The phase of the nursing process that requires the nurse to establish a comprehensive baseline of data concerning a particular patient is assessment. During the assessment phase, the nurse collects information about the patient's physical, psychological, social, and environmental status. This includes gathering data through interviews, observations, and physical examinations. By establishing a comprehensive baseline of data, the nurse is able to identify the patient's needs, problems, and strengths, which will then guide the planning and implementation of nursing care. Evaluation, on the other hand, involves determining the effectiveness of the nursing interventions implemented.

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11.

The nurse monitors the fulfillment of goals, and may revise them, during which phase of the nursing process?
- A.
  
  Assessment
- B.
  
  Planning
- C.
  
  Implementation
- D.
  
  Evaluation
Correct Answer
D. Evaluation

Explanation
During the evaluation phase of the nursing process, the nurse monitors the fulfillment of goals and may revise them. This phase involves assessing whether the interventions and care plans have been effective in achieving the desired outcomes. The nurse evaluates the patient's response to the interventions and makes any necessary adjustments to the plan of care. This phase is crucial in ensuring that the patient's needs are being met and that the care provided is appropriate and effective.

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12.

The nurse prepares and administers prescribed medications during which phase of the nursing process?
- A.
  
  Assessment
- B.
  
  Planning
- C.
  
  Implementation
- D.
  
  Evaluation
Correct Answer
C. Implementation

Explanation
The nurse prepares and administers prescribed medications during the implementation phase of the nursing process. This phase involves carrying out the planned interventions and providing the necessary care to the patient. In this case, the nurse is implementing the medication administration as prescribed by the healthcare provider. The implementation phase focuses on taking action to meet the patient's healthcare needs and follows the planning phase where the nurse develops a plan of care based on the assessment findings. The evaluation phase comes after implementation to assess the effectiveness of the interventions.

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13.

When developing a plan of care, which nursing action ensures the goal statement is patient-centered?
- A.
  
  Considering family input
- B.
  
  Involving the patient
- C.
  
  Developing the goal first, and then sharing it with the patient
- D.
  
  Including the physician
Correct Answer
B. Involving the patient

Explanation
Involving the patient ensures that the goal statement in the plan of care is patient-centered. By actively involving the patient in the decision-making process, the nurse can gather the patient's preferences, values, and needs, which will help in developing a plan that is tailored to the patient's specific circumstances. This patient-centered approach promotes autonomy, collaboration, and patient satisfaction, ultimately leading to better outcomes and improved patient experience.

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14.

The nurse includes which information as part of a complete medication history? (select all that apply)
- A.
  
  Use of street drugs
- B.
  
  Current laboratory work
- C.
  
  History of surgeries
- D.
  
  Use of alcohol
- E.
  
  Use of herbal products
- F.
  
  Family history
Correct Answer(s)
A. Use of street drugs
C. History of surgeries
D. Use of alcohol
E. Use of herbal products
F. Family history

Explanation
A complete medication history should include information about the patient's use of street drugs, history of surgeries, use of alcohol, use of herbal products, and family history. This information is important for the nurse to assess potential drug interactions, allergies, and any other factors that may impact the patient's medication regimen. Current laboratory work, although important for monitoring medication effectiveness and safety, is not specifically part of a medication history.

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15.

During which phase of the nursing process does the nurse prioritize the nursing diagnosis?
- A.
  
  Assessment
- B.
  
  Planning
- C.
  
  Implementation
- D.
  
  Evaluation
Correct Answer
B. Planning

Explanation
During the planning phase of the nursing process, the nurse prioritizes the nursing diagnosis. This is because during this phase, the nurse identifies the client's problems, sets goals and develops a plan of care. Prioritizing the nursing diagnosis helps the nurse determine which problems are most urgent and need immediate attention. By prioritizing, the nurse ensures that the client's needs are addressed in a systematic and effective manner, improving the overall quality of care provided.

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16.

The nurse is administering a medication and the order reads: Give 250 mcg PO now. The tablets in the medication dispensing cabinet are in milligram strength. What is the right does of the drug in milligrams?

Correct Answer
0.25 mg

Explanation
The order specifies to give 250 mcg (micrograms) of the medication orally. However, the tablets available in the medication dispensing cabinet are in milligram strength. To calculate the right dose in milligrams, we need to convert micrograms to milligrams. Since 1 milligram is equal to 1000 micrograms, 250 mcg is equal to 0.25 mg. Therefore, the correct dose of the drug in milligrams is 0.25 mg.

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17.

The nurse is preparing to administer morning doses of medications to a patient and has just checked the patient's name on the identification band. The patient has stated his name. Which is the nurse's next appropriate action?
- A.
  
  Administer the medications
- B.
  
  Ask the patient's wife to verify the patient's identity
- C.
  
  Ask the patient to verify his date of birth
- D.
  
  Check the chart for the patient's date of birth
Correct Answer
C. Ask the patient to verify his date of birth

Explanation
The nurse's next appropriate action would be to ask the patient to verify his date of birth. This is an important step to ensure that the nurse is administering the medications to the correct patient. Verifying the patient's date of birth adds an extra layer of confirmation and helps prevent medication errors.

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18.

The nurse is administering a medication and the order reads: Give 0.125 mg PO now. The tablets in pixis are in microgram strength. What is the right dose of the drug in micrograms?

Correct Answer
125 mcg

Explanation
The order states to give 0.125 mg of the medication orally. Since the tablets in the pixis are in microgram strength, we need to convert milligrams to micrograms. There are 1000 micrograms in 1 milligram. Therefore, the right dose of the drug in micrograms is 125 mcg.

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19.

Examples of enteral dosage routes (select all that apply)
- A.
  
  Sublingual
- B.
  
  Subcutaneous
- C.
  
  Buccal
- D.
  
  Time released tablets
- E.
  
  Transdermal
Correct Answer(s)
A. Sublingual
C. Buccal
D. Time released tablets

Explanation
The question asks for examples of enteral dosage routes, which are routes of administration where the medication is absorbed through the gastrointestinal tract. Sublingual and buccal routes involve placing the medication under the tongue and against the cheek, respectively, allowing for absorption through the mucous membranes in the mouth. Time released tablets are also an example of an enteral dosage route, as they are designed to release the medication slowly over an extended period of time in the gastrointestinal tract.

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20.

Examples of Parenteral dosage routes
- A.
  
  Transdermal
- B.
  
  Intradermal
- C.
  
  Tablets
- D.
  
  Inhaled
- E.
  
  Rectal
Correct Answer
B. Intradermal

Explanation
The given answer, "Intradermal," is correct because it is a parenteral dosage route. Parenteral refers to any route of administration that does not involve the digestive tract, such as injections. Intradermal administration involves injecting a substance into the dermis layer of the skin, just below the epidermis. This route is commonly used for skin testing, such as tuberculin tests or allergy tests, where a small amount of the substance is injected into the skin and observed for a reaction.

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21.

Examples of topical dosage routes
- A.
  
  Inhaled
- B.
  
  Intramuscular
- C.
  
  Sublingual
- D.
  
  Nitroglycerin ointment
- E.
  
  Elixir
Correct Answer(s)
A. Inhaled
D. Nitroglycerin ointment

Explanation
The examples provided in the question are all different topical dosage routes. Inhaled refers to medications that are administered through inhalation, typically through a device like an inhaler. Nitroglycerin ointment is a topical medication that is applied directly to the skin. These examples demonstrate different ways in which medications can be delivered to the body through topical routes.

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22.

Which organ is most responsible for the metabolism of drugs?
- A.
  
  Spleen
- B.
  
  Stomach
- C.
  
  Liver
- D.
  
  Kidney
Correct Answer
C. Liver

Explanation
The liver is the organ most responsible for the metabolism of drugs. It contains enzymes that break down drugs into smaller molecules, which can then be eliminated from the body. The liver plays a crucial role in metabolizing drugs to ensure their effectiveness and prevent potential toxicity. It is responsible for metabolizing a wide range of drugs, including prescription medications, over-the-counter drugs, and even substances like alcohol. The liver's high metabolic activity and its ability to detoxify and eliminate drugs make it the primary organ involved in drug metabolism.

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23.

What is the primary organ responsible for elimination?
- A.
  
  LIver
- B.
  
  Kidney
- C.
  
  Large Intestine
- D.
  
  Lungs
Correct Answer
B. Kidney

Explanation
The kidney is the primary organ responsible for elimination. It plays a crucial role in filtering waste products, toxins, and excess water from the blood to produce urine. The kidneys also help regulate the body's electrolyte balance and maintain proper blood pressure. The liver, large intestine, and lungs also have elimination functions, but the kidney is specifically designed for this purpose.

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24.

After how many half-live are most drugs considered to be effectively removed from the body?
- A.
  
  Five
- B.
  
  Three
- C.
  
  Eight
- D.
  
  Two
Correct Answer
A. Five

Explanation
Most drugs are considered to be effectively removed from the body after approximately five half-lives. This is because after each half-life, the concentration of the drug in the body decreases by half. By the time five half-lives have passed, the drug concentration is reduced to a negligible amount, making it effectively eliminated from the body.

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25.

When considering the various routes of drug elimination, the nurse is aware that elimination occurs mainly by which routes?
- A.
  
  Renal tubules and skin
- B.
  
  Skin and lungs
- C.
  
  Bowel and renal tubules
- D.
  
  Lungs and gastrointestinal tract
Correct Answer
C. Bowel and renal tubules

Explanation
The correct answer is bowel and renal tubules. Drug elimination refers to the process by which drugs are removed from the body. The two main routes of drug elimination are through the bowel (via feces) and the renal tubules (via urine). The bowel eliminates drugs that are not absorbed into the bloodstream and are excreted in the feces. The renal tubules eliminate drugs that are filtered out of the blood by the kidneys and excreted in the urine.

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26.

The nurse is aware that excessive drug dosages, poor circulation, impaired metabolism, or inadequate excretion may result in which drug effect?
- A.
  
  Tolerance
- B.
  
  Cumulative effect
- C.
  
  Incompatibility
- D.
  
  Antagonistic effec
Correct Answer
B. Cumulative effect

Explanation
Excessive drug dosages, poor circulation, impaired metabolism, or inadequate excretion can lead to a cumulative effect of a drug. This means that the drug will build up in the body over time, causing a stronger or more prolonged effect than intended. This can be dangerous as it increases the risk of toxicity and adverse reactions. The nurse needs to be aware of these factors and monitor patients closely to prevent or detect a cumulative effect.

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27.

Drug half-life is defined as the amount of time required for 50% of a drug to:
- A.
  
  Be absorbed by the body
- B.
  
  Reach therapeutic level
- C.
  
  Exert a response
- D.
  
  Be removed by the body
Correct Answer
D. Be removed by the body

Explanation
Drug half-life refers to the time it takes for 50% of the drug to be eliminated from the body. This means that after one half-life, half of the drug has been removed. The half-life is an important pharmacokinetic parameter as it helps determine dosing intervals and the duration of drug action. It is unrelated to the drug's absorption, therapeutic level, or response.

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28.

The nurse recognizes that drugs given by which route will be altered by the first-pass effect?
- A.
  
  Oral
- B.
  
  Sublingual
- C.
  
  Subcutaneously
- D.
  
  Intravenous
Correct Answer
A. Oral

Explanation
Drugs given orally are subject to the first-pass effect, which refers to the metabolism of a drug in the liver before it reaches systemic circulation. When a drug is taken orally, it is absorbed through the gastrointestinal tract and transported to the liver through the portal vein. In the liver, the drug may be metabolized, partially or completely, before it enters the systemic circulation. This process can significantly alter the concentration and effectiveness of the drug. Therefore, drugs given orally are more likely to be affected by the first-pass effect compared to drugs given through other routes such as sublingual, subcutaneous, or intravenous.

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29.

If a drug binds with an enzyme and thereby prevents the enzyme from binding to its normal target cell, it will produce which effect?
- A.
  
  Receptor interaction
- B.
  
  Enzyme affinity
- C.
  
  Enzyme interaction
- D.
  
  Nonspecific interaction
Correct Answer
C. Enzyme interaction

Explanation
If a drug binds with an enzyme and prevents it from binding to its normal target cell, it will produce an enzyme interaction. This means that the drug is directly affecting the enzyme's ability to interact with its intended target, potentially inhibiting or altering its normal function. This can have various effects on the enzyme's activity and the overall biological processes it is involved in.

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30.

A drug has a half life of 4 hours. If at 0800 the drug level is measure as 200 mg/L, at what time would the drug level be 50mg/L?

Correct Answer
1600

Explanation
The half-life of a drug is the time it takes for the concentration of the drug in the body to decrease by half. In this case, the drug has a half-life of 4 hours. This means that every 4 hours, the concentration of the drug will decrease by half.

At 0800, the drug level is measured as 200 mg/L. To find out at what time the drug level would be 50mg/L, we need to determine how many half-lives it would take for the concentration to decrease from 200 mg/L to 50 mg/L.

Since the half-life is 4 hours, it would take 4 hours for the concentration to decrease by half from 200 mg/L to 100 mg/L. Another 4 hours would be needed for the concentration to decrease from 100 mg/L to 50 mg/L.

Therefore, it would take a total of 8 hours, which is equivalent to 1600, for the drug level to be 50mg/L.

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31.

What factors can influence the rate of medication metabolism
- A.
  
  Age
- B.
  
  Gender
- C.
  
  First-pass effect
- D.
  
  Nutritional status
- E.
  
  Increase in certain medication-metabolizing enzymes
- F.
  
  Bowel obstuction
- G.
  
  Similar metabolic pathways
Correct Answer(s)
A. Age
C. First-pass effect
D. Nutritional status
E. Increase in certain medication-metabolizing enzymes
G. Similar metabolic pathways

Explanation
The rate of medication metabolism can be influenced by various factors. Age plays a role as metabolism tends to slow down with age. The first-pass effect refers to the initial metabolism of a drug in the liver before it reaches the systemic circulation, which can affect the rate of metabolism. Nutritional status is important as certain nutrients are required for proper metabolism. An increase in certain medication-metabolizing enzymes can enhance the rate of metabolism. Similar metabolic pathways between drugs can also affect the rate of metabolism.

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32.

LIver and kidney function can effect half-life.
- A.
  
  True
- B.
  
  False
Correct Answer
A. True

Explanation
The statement is stating that liver and kidney function can affect the half-life. This means that the efficiency and health of the liver and kidney can impact the time it takes for half of a substance to be eliminated from the body. If the liver and kidney function properly, they can efficiently process and eliminate substances, resulting in a shorter half-life. Conversely, if the liver and kidney function is impaired, the elimination process may be slower, leading to a longer half-life. Therefore, the statement is true.

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33.

A client is prescribed phenobarbital sodium (Luminal) for a seizure disorder. The medication has a long half-life of 4 days. Based on this half-life, the medication will most likely be prescribed:
- A.
  
  Once a day
- B.
  
  Twice a day
- C.
  
  Three times a day
- D.
  
  Four times a day
Correct Answer
A. Once a day

Explanation
Phenobarbital sodium has a long half-life of 4 days, meaning it takes 4 days for the concentration of the drug in the body to decrease by half. Because of this long half-life, the medication can be prescribed once a day. This is because the drug remains in the body for an extended period of time, providing a sustained therapeutic effect. Taking the medication once a day ensures that the drug concentration remains at a therapeutic level throughout the day, reducing the need for multiple daily doses.

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34.

A nurse educator is reviewing medications dosages and factors that influence medication metabolism with a group of nurses. Medication dosages may need to be decreased for which of the following reasons? (choose all that apply)
- A.
  
  Increased renal excretion
- B.
  
  Increased medication-metabolizing enzymes
- C.
  
  Liver failure
- D.
  
  Peripheral vascular disease
- E.
  
  Concurrent use of medication metabolized by the same pathway
Correct Answer(s)
C. Liver failure
E. Concurrent use of medication metabolized by the same pathway

Explanation
Medication dosages may need to be decreased in the case of liver failure because the liver is responsible for metabolizing medications, and if it is not functioning properly, the medication may not be metabolized effectively, leading to potential toxicity. Concurrent use of medication metabolized by the same pathway can also require a decrease in dosage as it can lead to competition for the same metabolic pathway, potentially resulting in higher levels of the medication in the body. Increased renal excretion, increased medication-metabolizing enzymes, and peripheral vascular disease do not directly impact medication metabolism and therefore would not require a decrease in dosage.

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35.

A nurse preparing to administer eye drops to a client. Which of the following are appropriate nursing interventions related to this procedure?
- A.
  
  Using medical aseptic technique
- B.
  
  Asking the client to look up at the ceiling
- C.
  
  Having the client lie in a side-lying position
- D.
  
  Dropping medication into the center of the client's conjunctival sac
- E.
  
  Instructing the client to close the eye gently
Correct Answer(s)
B. Asking the client to look up at the ceiling
D. Dropping medication into the center of the client's conjunctival sac
E. Instructing the client to close the eye gently

Explanation
The appropriate nursing interventions related to administering eye drops to a client include asking the client to look up at the ceiling, dropping the medication into the center of the client's conjunctival sac, and instructing the client to close the eye gently. Looking up at the ceiling helps to expose the conjunctival sac, making it easier to administer the eye drops. Dropping the medication into the center of the conjunctival sac ensures proper absorption. Instructing the client to close the eye gently helps to distribute the medication and prevent it from leaking out.

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36.

A nurse is completing discharge teaching to a client who has a new prescription for a transdermal medication. Which of the following statements be the client indicates understanding of the teaching?
- A.
  
  "I will clean the site with an alcohol swab prior to applying the patch"
- B.
  
  "I will rotate the application sites weekly"
- C.
  
  "I will apply the patch to an area of the skin with no hair"
- D.
  
  "I will place the new patch on the site of the old patch"
Correct Answer
C. "I will apply the patch to an area of the skin with no hair"

Explanation
The correct answer is "I will apply the patch to an area of the skin with no hair." This statement indicates that the client understands the proper technique for applying a transdermal medication. Applying the patch to an area of the skin with no hair ensures better adhesion and absorption of the medication.

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37.

A Nurse is reviewing a client's health record and notes a new prescription by the provider to verify the trough level of the client's medication. Which of the following actions should the nurses take?
- A.
  
  Have a blood specimen obtained immediately prior to the next dose of medication
- B.
  
  Verify that the client has been on the medication for 24hr before ordering a blood specimen
- C.
  
  Ask the client to provide a urine specimen after the next dose of medication
- D.
  
  Begin administering the medication, and obtain a blood specimen
Correct Answer
A. Have a blood specimen obtained immediately prior to the next dose of medication

Explanation
The nurse should have a blood specimen obtained immediately prior to the next dose of medication. This is because the provider has prescribed to verify the trough level of the client's medication. The trough level refers to the lowest concentration of the medication in the client's bloodstream, which is typically measured just before the next dose is administered. By obtaining a blood specimen at this time, the nurse can accurately assess the trough level and ensure that the medication is within the therapeutic range.

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38.

Which part of the nursing process should be realistic, timed, and measurable?
- A.
  
  Assessment
- B.
  
  Nursing diagnosis
- C.
  
  Plan (goals)
- D.
  
  Implementation
- E.
  
  Evaluation
Correct Answer
C. Plan (goals)

Explanation
The part of the nursing process that should be realistic, timed, and measurable is the plan (goals). This is because the goals set in the plan should be achievable and specific, with a clear timeline for completion. They should also be measurable, meaning that progress towards the goals can be objectively assessed and evaluated. This ensures that the plan is effective and allows for adjustments to be made if necessary.

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39.

You are transcribing an order that reads, "give ceftriaxone one milligram orally now". How would you write the amount correctly?

Correct Answer
1 mg

Explanation
The correct way to write the amount is "1 mg". This is because "1 mg" is the standard abbreviation for one milligram, which is the unit of measurement for the medication ceftriaxone in this case.

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40.

The order of Bill Smith's chart reads, "give demerol 75mg. now". what "right" is missing for you to give this medication safely? (just one)

Correct Answer
Route

Explanation
The correct answer is "Route." In order to give medication safely, it is important to know the specific route of administration. The order only states the medication and the dosage, but it does not provide information on how the medication should be given (e.g. orally, intravenously, intramuscularly). Without knowing the route, it would not be possible to administer the medication correctly and safely.

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41.

The LPN is assigned to a patient who is newly diagnosed with type 1 mellitus. Which of the following best illustrates an outcome critierion for this patient?
- A.
  
  The patient will follow instructions
- B.
  
  The patient will not experience complications
- C.
  
  The patient adheres to the new insulin treatment regimen
- D.
  
  The patient demonstrates safe insulin self-administration techniques after 3 lessons
Correct Answer
D. The patient demonstrates safe insulin self-administration techniques after 3 lessons

Explanation
The correct answer illustrates an outcome criterion for a patient newly diagnosed with type 1 mellitus. It focuses on the patient's ability to demonstrate safe insulin self-administration techniques after receiving three lessons. This outcome criterion is specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound (SMART), as it sets a clear expectation for the patient's skill development within a specific timeframe. It also reflects a desired outcome for the patient's successful management of their condition.

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42.

When the LPN is transcribing orders and considering when to correctly administer a medication, the following factors listed would be the most important to assess:
- A.
  
  If the patient is male or female
- B.
  
  The patients last meal
- C.
  
  The patients weight
- D.
  
  Patient's identification.
Correct Answer
D. Patient's identification.

Explanation
When transcribing orders and considering when to correctly administer a medication, the most important factor to assess is the patient's identification. This is crucial to ensure that the medication is given to the correct patient, preventing any potential harm or errors. The patient's gender, last meal, and weight may be important factors to consider for other aspects of care, but they are not directly relevant to the administration of medication.

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43.

A pain medication is ordered to be given every 4 hours prn. What does prn mean?

Correct Answer
as needed
when needed

Explanation
The term "prn" stands for "pro re nata," which means "as needed" or "when needed." It indicates that the pain medication should be administered whenever the patient requires it, based on their pain levels or discomfort. This allows for flexibility in dosing, ensuring that the medication is given only when necessary and not on a fixed schedule.

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44.

A 77 year old has a diagnosis of upper respiratory tract infection. He tells the LPN that he is allergic to Penicillin. Which of the following is the most appropriate response?
- A.
  
  "that's to be expected, lost of people are allergic to penicillin."
- B.
  
  "what type of reaction did you have when you took penicillin?"
- C.
  
  "Drug allergies don't usually occur in older individuals because they ahve built up resistance."
- D.
  
  "The doctor saw on teh chart that you said you were allergic to penicillin, but he still wants you to have it."
Correct Answer
B. "what type of reaction did you have when you took penicillin?"

Explanation
Asking about the type of reaction the patient had when taking penicillin is the most appropriate response because it allows the LPN to gather more information about the patient's allergy. This information is crucial in determining the appropriate course of action and alternative medications that can be used for the upper respiratory tract infection. It also shows that the LPN is attentive to the patient's concerns and is taking their allergy seriously.

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45.

What is the most appropriate response to a patient who informs the nurse that he or she does not want to share information about the drugs he or she takes at home?
- A.
  
  "This information will not become part of your medical record, but we need to know so that we can monitor your responses to therapy while you are here."
- B.
  
  "The information about the drugs you take at home, including herbal products, is important for safe administration of drugs wile you are here and will be kept confidential."
- C.
  
  "It sounds like you are taking something that you don't want us to know about."
- D.
  
  "We are just asking to make sure you don't have any drug allergies."
Correct Answer
B. "The information about the drugs you take at home, including herbal products, is important for safe administration of drugs wile you are here and will be kept confidential."

Explanation
The correct answer emphasizes the importance of knowing the patient's home medications for safe administration of drugs while in the healthcare facility. It assures the patient that this information will be kept confidential, addressing any concerns about privacy. Additionally, it acknowledges the inclusion of herbal products, indicating a comprehensive understanding of the patient's medication regimen.

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46.

Which of the following questions is most helpful in compiling a drug history for a patient?
- A.
  
  "Do you have a family history of heart disease?"
- B.
  
  "What medication relieves your pain?"
- C.
  
  "What childhood diseases have you had?"
- D.
  
  "What surgeries have you had?"
Correct Answer
B. "What medication relieves your pain?"

Explanation
The question "What medication relieves your pain?" is the most helpful in compiling a drug history for a patient because it directly asks about the medications the patient is taking to manage their pain. This information is important for understanding the patient's current drug regimen and any potential interactions or contraindications with other medications that may be prescribed. It provides insight into the patient's pain management strategy and helps the healthcare provider make informed decisions about their treatment plan.

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47.

Which of the following must occur for a goal statement to be patient centered?
- A.
  
  Family input must be considered in developing a goal
- B.
  
  The patient must be involved in establishing the goal
- C.
  
  The nurse must develop the goal
- D.
  
  The doctor must be involved in establishing the goal
Correct Answer
B. The patient must be involved in establishing the goal

Explanation
For a goal statement to be patient-centered, it is essential that the patient is involved in establishing the goal. This means that the patient's input, preferences, and needs should be taken into consideration when developing the goal. By involving the patient in the goal-setting process, healthcare professionals can ensure that the goals align with the patient's values and desires, ultimately leading to a more personalized and patient-centered approach to care.

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48.

A doctor orders a medication to be given one time every day. You would write this as:
- A.
  
  QD
- B.
  
  QID
- C.
  
  Once a day
- D.
  
  Every A.M.
Correct Answer
C. Once a day

Explanation
The correct answer is "Once a day" because it accurately represents the doctor's order for the medication to be given once daily. The other options, QD and QID, are abbreviations that stand for different frequencies of medication administration. "Every A.M." does not specify the frequency, but only the time of day when the medication should be given.

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49.

You prepare and administer an antibiotic injection the nurse practitioner in the clinic ordered. Which phase of the nursing process would this be?
- A.
  
  Assessment
- B.
  
  Nursing diagnosis
- C.
  
  Plan (goals)
- D.
  
  Implementation
- E.
  
  Evaluation
Correct Answer
D. Implementation

Explanation
The administration of an antibiotic injection that has been ordered by a nurse practitioner in a clinic falls under the implementation phase of the nursing process. This phase involves carrying out the planned interventions and providing the necessary care to the patient. In this case, the nurse is implementing the treatment plan by administering the antibiotic injection as prescribed.

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50.

How many times do you check a medication before giving it?
- A.
  
  1
- B.
  
  2
- C.
  
  3
- D.
  
  4
Correct Answer
C. 3

Explanation
Before giving a medication, it is important to check it three times. This is to ensure accuracy and prevent medication errors. The first check is when retrieving the medication from the storage area, comparing it with the medication order or prescription. The second check is when preparing the medication, verifying the correct dosage and form. The final check is before administering the medication to the patient, confirming the medication, dosage, and patient identification. These three checks help to ensure patient safety and reduce the risk of medication errors.

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Jan 17, 2015

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Pharmacology Chapters 1 And 2

Which information is of highest priority when obtaining a pharmacologic history from a patient?

During the implementation phase of the nursing process, which action will the nurse perform when administering medications?

For which activity is the nurse responsible during the evaluation phase of drug administration?

The nurse should include which information when evaluating the outcome after a patient’s medication has been administered?

The nurse should check a medication how many times before administration of a medication under the “right drug” part of the Six Rights?

The nurse notes that a medication was scheduled to be administered at 0900. A medication error has occurred if the medication was administered at which time?

While the nurse is taking an admission history, the patient reports having a previous allergic reaction to penicillins. What will the nurse document as part of the patient’s allergic reaction response to penicillins?

The nursing process is important as a well-established, research-supported framework for professional nursing practice. Which is the correct order for the steps of the nursing process?

The nurse has an order for administering a medication to the patient. Which providers have legal authority to prescribe medications for patients? (Select all that apply.)

Which phase of the nursing process requires the nurse to establish a comprehensive baseline of data concerning a particular patient?

The nurse monitors the fulfillment of goals, and may revise them, during which phase of the nursing process?

The nurse prepares and administers prescribed medications during which phase of the nursing process?

When developing a plan of care, which nursing action ensures the goal statement is patient-centered?

The nurse includes which information as part of a complete medication history? (select all that apply)

During which phase of the nursing process does the nurse prioritize the nursing diagnosis?

The nurse is administering a medication and the order reads: Give 250 mcg PO now. The tablets in the medication dispensing cabinet are in milligram strength. What is the right does of the drug in milligrams?

The nurse is preparing to administer morning doses of medications to a patient and has just checked the patient's name on the identification band. The patient has stated his name. Which is the nurse's next appropriate action?

The nurse is administering a medication and the order reads: Give 0.125 mg PO now. The tablets in pixis are in microgram strength. What is the right dose of the drug in micrograms?

Examples of enteral dosage routes (select all that apply)

Examples of Parenteral dosage routes

Examples of topical dosage routes

Which organ is most responsible for the metabolism of drugs?

What is the primary organ responsible for elimination?

After how many half-live are most drugs considered to be effectively removed from the body?

When considering the various routes of drug elimination, the nurse is aware that elimination occurs mainly by which routes?

The nurse is aware that excessive drug dosages, poor circulation, impaired metabolism, or inadequate excretion may result in which drug effect?

Drug half-life is defined as the amount of time required for 50% of a drug to:

The nurse recognizes that drugs given by which route will be altered by the first-pass effect?

If a drug binds with an enzyme and thereby prevents the enzyme from binding to its normal target cell, it will produce which effect?

A drug has a half life of 4 hours. If at 0800 the drug level is measure as 200 mg/L, at what time would the drug level be 50mg/L?

What factors can influence the rate of medication metabolism

LIver and kidney function can effect half-life.

A client is prescribed phenobarbital sodium (Luminal) for a seizure disorder. The medication has a long half-life of 4 days. Based on this half-life, the medication will most likely be prescribed:

A nurse educator is reviewing medications dosages and factors that influence medication metabolism with a group of nurses. Medication dosages may need to be decreased for which of the following reasons? (choose all that apply)

A nurse preparing to administer eye drops to a client. Which of the following are appropriate nursing interventions related to this procedure?

A nurse is completing discharge teaching to a client who has a new prescription for a transdermal medication. Which of the following statements be the client indicates understanding of the teaching?

A Nurse is reviewing a client's health record and notes a new prescription by the provider to verify the trough level of the client's medication. Which of the following actions should the nurses take?

Which part of the nursing process should be realistic, timed, and measurable?

You are transcribing an order that reads, "give ceftriaxone one milligram orally now". How would you write the amount correctly?

The order of Bill Smith's chart reads, "give demerol 75mg. now". what "right" is missing for you to give this medication safely? (just one)

The LPN is assigned to a patient who is newly diagnosed with type 1 mellitus. Which of the following best illustrates an outcome critierion for this patient?

When the LPN is transcribing orders and considering when to correctly administer a medication, the following factors listed would be the most important to assess:

A pain medication is ordered to be given every 4 hours prn. What does prn mean?

A 77 year old has a diagnosis of upper respiratory tract infection. He tells the LPN that he is allergic to Penicillin. Which of the following is the most appropriate response?

What is the most appropriate response to a patient who informs the nurse that he or she does not want to share information about the drugs he or she takes at home?

Which of the following questions is most helpful in compiling a drug history for a patient?

Which of the following must occur for a goal statement to be patient centered?

A doctor orders a medication to be given one time every day. You would write this as:

You prepare and administer an antibiotic injection the nurse practitioner in the clinic ordered. Which phase of the nursing process would this be?

How many times do you check a medication before giving it?