Clinical Pharmacology Quiz Questions

The most common angle for intramuscular injection is 90 degrees. This angle is chosen because it allows the needle to penetrate the muscle at a suitable depth, ensuring that the medication is delivered into the muscle tissue. Injecting at a 90-degree angle also helps to minimize the risk of injecting into a blood vessel or causing damage to surrounding tissues.

Tetracycline (Achromycin) is the correct answer because it is a commonly prescribed medication for treating acne vulgaris. It is an antibiotic that works by inhibiting the growth of bacteria, reducing inflammation, and preventing clogged pores. Tetracycline is effective against the bacteria that contribute to acne, such as Propionibacterium acnes. It is often used as a first-line treatment for moderate to severe acne due to its effectiveness and relatively low risk of side effects. Vancomycin, Atorvastatin, and Ciprofloxacin are not typically used for treating acne vulgaris.

To evaluate the effectiveness of a patient being treated with filgrastim (Neupogen), a nurse would monitor the WCB count. Filgrastim is a medication that stimulates the production of white blood cells (WBCs) in the body. By monitoring the WBC count, the nurse can assess if the medication is effectively increasing the production of WBCs, which is important for fighting infections and maintaining overall health. Monitoring other parameters such as hemoglobin, potassium levels, or blood glucose may be relevant for other aspects of the patient's condition but may not specifically evaluate the effectiveness of filgrastim treatment.

In a semiconscious patient who is experiencing nausea and vomiting, the route of choice for administering medication would be rectally. This is because the patient may not be able to swallow the medication orally or keep it down due to the symptoms. Rectal administration allows for the medication to be absorbed directly into the bloodstream, bypassing the gastrointestinal tract and providing a more reliable and effective route of delivery in this particular situation.

A patient on antibiotics experiencing loose runny stool would be of most concern because it could indicate a potential side effect of the medication called antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD). AAD occurs when the antibiotics disrupt the natural balance of bacteria in the gut, leading to an overgrowth of harmful bacteria or infection. It is important to monitor this symptom closely as severe cases of AAD can lead to dehydration and further complications.

The correct answer is the Orphan Drug Act. This law provides incentives to pharmaceutical companies to develop and produce medications for rare disorders, which may not be financially viable due to the small patient population. The Orphan Drug Act offers tax credits, grants, and exclusive marketing rights to encourage the development of these drugs. This legislation aims to address the unmet medical needs of individuals with rare diseases by providing support and incentives to pharmaceutical companies.

The most appropriate action for the nurse at this time would be to investigate why the patient is not receptive to the pain medication. This is important because pain management is crucial for postoperative patients to ensure their comfort and recovery. By investigating the reasons behind the patient's refusal, the nurse can address any concerns or barriers that may be preventing the patient from accepting the pain medication. This will help the nurse provide appropriate interventions and ensure the patient's pain is effectively managed.

The vastus lateralis is the IM site of choice for a 2-year-old patient to receive an injection. This site is located on the lateral aspect of the thigh and is commonly used for pediatric patients due to its large muscle mass and minimal risk of injury to underlying structures. It is also easily accessible and allows for accurate administration of the medication.

Sulfisoxazole (Gantrisin) would be prescribed for the 16-year-old girl with urinary tract infection because it is a commonly used antibiotic for treating urinary tract infections. It is effective against the bacteria that commonly cause urinary tract infections and is generally well-tolerated in pediatric patients. Gentamicin sulfate and Kanamycin sulfate are both aminoglycoside antibiotics that are typically reserved for more serious infections and are not commonly used for urinary tract infections. Ciprofloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic that is generally not recommended for use in pediatric patients due to potential adverse effects on bone and cartilage development.