Which of the following is true regarding the anatomical and physiological differences in infants and children when compared to adults?

The infant's head is larger in proportion to their body

The infant's tongue is disproportionately large to their mouth

The infant's heart rate is much higher and blood pressure is much lower

The Pediatric Assessment Triangle consists of which of the following components?

Work of breathing, Appearance, Circulation to the skin

Tone, Interactiveness, Consolation

Work of breathing, Appearance, Circulation to the skin

Appearance, Verbal Response and Best Motor Response

An eleven month old has a history of diarrhea for several days. He is listless, breathing abnormally fast and shallow, and his skin is pale and cool. Further assessment shows a respiratory rate of greater than 60 and a weak pulse of 40. Resuscitation for the patient would include which of the following?

IV/IO access with 20mL/kg of isotonic fluid administration

CPR at a rate of 30:2 (for one rescuer)

Rapid Transport to definitive care

Which of the following makes up the primary "up close and personal" assessment?

Airway, Breathing, Circulation, Disability, Environment

Appearance, Work of Breathing, Circulation to the skin

Airway, Breathing, Circulation, Disability, Environment

The prehospital provider has the responsibility to report suspected child abuse and/or neglect. Which of the following correctly describes the process of reporting to Child Protective Services (CPS)?

Complete and fax the DHS -3200 form to CPS and call and give a verbal report to local CPS

Verbally reporting suspicions to the receiving nurse

Document suspicions of abuse in the patient care report

Complete and fax the DHS -3200 form to CPS and call and give a verbal report to local CPS

Notify receiving physician and fill out the state of Michigan DHS -3200 form, leaving it with the patients chart.

The Pediatric Patient Quiz

1.

The age range for pediatric patients is which of the following?
- A.
  
  Birth to Puberty
- B.
  
  Birth to 18 years old
- C.
  
  One month to puberty
- D.
  
  One year to 18 years old
Correct Answer
B. Birth to 18 years old

Explanation
The age range for pediatric patients is from birth to 18 years old. This encompasses the entire childhood period, starting from infancy and continuing until the individual reaches adulthood. Pediatric healthcare focuses on the specific medical needs and development of children and adolescents within this age range.

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2.

The combination of increased oxygen requirements with smaller oxygen reserves makes pediatric patients especially susceptible to:
- A.
  
  Abuse
- B.
  
  Hypoxia
- C.
  
  Epilepsy
- D.
  
  Ischemia
Correct Answer
B. Hypoxia

Explanation
Pediatric patients have higher oxygen requirements compared to adults due to their rapid growth and development. However, they have smaller oxygen reserves, making them more susceptible to hypoxia, which is a condition characterized by a lack of oxygen supply to the body's tissues. This can lead to various complications and health issues in pediatric patients.

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3.

The leading cause of cardiopulmonary arrest in pediatrics is which of the following?
- A.
  
  Seizures
- B.
  
  Hypoglycemia
- C.
  
  Respiratory Failure
- D.
  
  Motor - Vehicle Accidents
Correct Answer
C. Respiratory Failure

Explanation
Respiratory failure is the leading cause of cardiopulmonary arrest in pediatrics. This is because when the respiratory system fails to function properly, it can lead to a lack of oxygen in the body, causing the heart to stop. This can occur due to various reasons such as airway obstruction, lung infections, or respiratory distress syndrome. Prompt intervention and treatment are crucial to prevent cardiopulmonary arrest in these cases.

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4.

Which of the following is true regarding the anatomical and physiological differences in infants and children when compared to adults?
- A.
  
  The infant's head is larger in proportion to their body
- B.
  
  The infant's tongue is disproportionately large to their mouth
- C.
  
  The infant's heart rate is much higher and blood pressure is much lower
- D.
  
  All of the above
Correct Answer
D. All of the above

Explanation
In infants and children, their head is larger in proportion to their body, which is due to the rapid growth of the brain during early development. Additionally, the infant's tongue is disproportionately large to their mouth, which is necessary for breastfeeding and swallowing. Furthermore, infants have a higher heart rate and lower blood pressure compared to adults, as their cardiovascular system is still developing. Therefore, all of the statements mentioned in the options are true regarding the anatomical and physiological differences in infants and children when compared to adults.

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5.

Which of the following is an ominous sign of imminent respiratory arrest in the pediatric patient with difficulty breathing?
- A.
  
  Grunting
- B.
  
  Bradycardia
- C.
  
  Head bobbing
- D.
  
  All of the above
Correct Answer
D. All of the above

Explanation
All of the above are ominous signs of imminent respiratory arrest in a pediatric patient with difficulty breathing. Grunting is a sound made during exhalation that indicates the child is working hard to breathe. Bradycardia, a slow heart rate, can occur as a result of decreased oxygen levels in the body. Head bobbing is a compensatory mechanism where the child's head bobs forward with each breath to help open the airway. When all of these signs are present, it suggests that the child's respiratory distress is severe and respiratory arrest may occur soon.

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6.

The initial "across the room" pediatric assessment utilizes which of the following tools?
- A.
  
  Glasgow Coma Scale
- B.
  
  Airway, Breathing, Circulation
- C.
  
  Pediatric Assessment Triangle
- D.
  
  Disability and Deformity Scale
Correct Answer
C. Pediatric Assessment Triangle

Explanation
The initial "across the room" pediatric assessment utilizes the Pediatric Assessment Triangle. This tool is used to quickly assess a child's appearance, work of breathing, and circulation. It helps healthcare providers identify any immediate life-threatening conditions and determine the appropriate course of action. The Glasgow Coma Scale is used to assess a child's level of consciousness, while Airway, Breathing, Circulation (ABC) is a systematic approach to pediatric resuscitation. The Disability and Deformity Scale is used to assess any potential disabilities or deformities in a child.

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7.

The Pediatric Assessment Triangle consists of which of the following components?
- A.
  
  Airway, Breathing, Circulation
- B.
  
  Tone, Interactiveness, Consolation
- C.
  
  Work of breathing, Appearance, Circulation to the skin
- D.
  
  Appearance, Verbal Response and Best Motor Response
Correct Answer
C. Work of breathing, Appearance, Circulation to the skin

Explanation
The Pediatric Assessment Triangle consists of three components: work of breathing, appearance, and circulation to the skin. These components are used to quickly assess a child's overall condition and determine the urgency of their medical needs. The work of breathing assesses the effort and effectiveness of the child's breathing. Appearance refers to their level of alertness and overall appearance, such as color and muscle tone. Circulation to the skin evaluates the child's perfusion and blood flow. By assessing these three components, healthcare providers can quickly identify any life-threatening conditions and provide appropriate interventions.

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8.

An eleven month old has a history of diarrhea for several days. He is listless, breathing abnormally fast and shallow, and his skin is pale and cool. Further assessment shows a respiratory rate of greater than 60 and a weak pulse of 40. Resuscitation for the patient would include which of the following?
- A.
  
  IV/IO access with 20mL/kg of isotonic fluid administration
- B.
  
  CPR at a rate of 30:2 (for one rescuer)
- C.
  
  Rapid Transport to definitive care
- D.
  
  All of the above
Correct Answer
D. All of the above

Explanation
The given scenario describes a critically ill eleven-month-old with symptoms of dehydration, respiratory distress, and shock. The combination of these symptoms indicates a severe condition that requires immediate resuscitation. IV/IO access with 20mL/kg of isotonic fluid administration is necessary to address the dehydration and restore fluid balance. CPR at a rate of 30:2 is required to provide adequate oxygenation and circulation. Rapid transport to definitive care is crucial to ensure the child receives specialized medical attention. Therefore, all of the above interventions are necessary for the resuscitation of the patient.

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9.

Which of the following makes up the primary "up close and personal" assessment?
- A.
  
  Pediatric Assessment Triangle
- B.
  
  Airway, Breathing, Circulation
- C.
  
  Appearance, Work of Breathing, Circulation to the skin
- D.
  
  Airway, Breathing, Circulation, Disability, Environment
Correct Answer
D. Airway, Breathing, Circulation, Disability, Environment

Explanation
The primary "up close and personal" assessment consists of evaluating the patient's airway, breathing, circulation, disability, and environment. This comprehensive assessment allows healthcare professionals to quickly assess the patient's immediate needs and prioritize interventions accordingly. By assessing the airway, breathing, and circulation, the provider can determine if the patient's vital functions are compromised. Evaluating disability refers to assessing the patient's neurological status, such as level of consciousness or responsiveness. Lastly, considering the environment helps identify any potential hazards or factors that may impact the patient's condition.

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10.

The prehospital provider has the responsibility to report suspected child abuse and/or neglect. Which of the following correctly describes the process of reporting to Child Protective Services (CPS)?
- A.
  
  Verbally reporting suspicions to the receiving nurse
- B.
  
  Document suspicions of abuse in the patient care report
- C.
  
  Complete and fax the DHS -3200 form to CPS and call and give a verbal report to local CPS
- D.
  
  Notify receiving physician and fill out the state of Michigan DHS -3200 form, leaving it with the patients chart.
Correct Answer
C. Complete and fax the DHS -3200 form to CPS and call and give a verbal report to local CPS

Explanation
The correct answer is to complete and fax the DHS-3200 form to CPS and call and give a verbal report to local CPS. This process ensures that the suspicions of child abuse or neglect are documented and reported to the appropriate authorities. By completing the form and faxing it to CPS, a written record is created for further investigation. Additionally, calling and giving a verbal report to local CPS allows for immediate communication and ensures that the report is received in a timely manner. This comprehensive approach helps to ensure the safety and well-being of the child involved.

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The Pediatric Patient Quiz

The age range for pediatric patients is which of the following?

The combination of increased oxygen requirements with smaller oxygen reserves makes pediatric patients especially susceptible to:

The leading cause of cardiopulmonary arrest in pediatrics is which of the following?

Which of the following is true regarding the anatomical and physiological differences in infants and children when compared to adults?

Which of the following is an ominous sign of imminent respiratory arrest in the pediatric patient with difficulty breathing?

The initial "across the room" pediatric assessment utilizes which of the following tools?

The Pediatric Assessment Triangle consists of which of the following components?

Which of the following makes up the primary "up close and personal" assessment?

The prehospital provider has the responsibility to report suspected child abuse and/or neglect. Which of the following correctly describes the process of reporting to Child Protective Services (CPS)?