Pediatric Anesthesia Practice Quiz

Explanation
The Mapleson circuit that requires the lowest fresh gas flow rates is A.

Explanation
The length of an oral endotracheal tube in a 12-year-old child should be 18 cm. This length is appropriate to reach from the lips to the mid trachea, ensuring proper placement and effective ventilation.

Explanation
Placing a blood pressure cuff before induction can upset anxious children. This means that it is not recommended to use a blood pressure cuff as a monitoring tool before the induction process in pediatric patients. The explanation suggests that this action may cause distress and anxiety in children, which can be avoided to ensure a smooth and comfortable induction procedure.

Explanation
In pediatric patients, the initial shock energy level for defibrillation is typically lower than in adults. The recommended energy level for the initial shock in a 6-year-old girl is 2 joules/kg. Since the girl weighs 20 kg, the appropriate energy level for the initial shock would be 40 joules. This lower energy level is used to minimize the risk of complications and tissue damage in pediatric patients.

Explanation
The appearance of nystagmus is the first sign of inhalation anesthetic induction in a child. Nystagmus refers to the involuntary rhythmic movement of the eyes, which can be a result of the effects of the anesthetic on the central nervous system. This sign indicates that the anesthetic is starting to take effect and the child is entering a state of anesthesia. The other options, such as disappearance of eyelash reflex, shallow rapid breathing, or lack of reaction to verbal stimuli, may also occur during anesthesia induction but are not specifically the first signs.