P25(B)

1. Polydipsia occurs with diabetes mellitus when:

A. lack of insulin causes hunger

B. ketone levels rise in the blood

C. polyuria causes dehydration

2. Early signs of hyperglycemia include polyphagia, which means:

A. thirst

B. increased urine output

C. hunger

D. glucose in the urine

3. What is the recommended treatment for insulin shock if the patient remains conscious?

A. administration of insulin

B. administration of intravenous glucose

C. administration of epinephrine

D. oral administration of concentrated glucose

4. Differences between Type I and Type II diabetes include:

A. Type 1 diabetes weight gain is common, and Type II weight loss often occurs

B. Type 1 diabetes leads to fewer complications than Type II diabetes

C. Type 1 diabetes may be controlled by adjusting dietary intake and exercise, but Type II diabetes requires insulin replacement

D. Type 1 diabetes occurs more frequently in children and adolescents, and Type II diabetes occurs more often in adults

E. None of the above are correct.

5. Metabolic syndrome is marked by:

A. abnormal lipid and glucose metabolism

B. periodic hypotension

C. deficit of glucagon

D. early onset on Type I diabetes mellitus

6. Which of the following is recommended for immediate treatment of hypoglycemic shock? 1. if conscious, immediately give sweet fruit juice, honey, candy, or sugar 2. if unconscious, give nothing by mouth (require intravenous glucose 50%) 3. treat immediately with insulin 4. give large quantity of clear fluids for shock

A. 1, 2

B. 1, 3

C. 2, 3

D. 1, 3, 4

7. Dwarfism is caused by:

A. excessive levels of somatotropin (GH)

B. a deficit of somatotropin (GH)

C. excessive levels of insulin

D. excessive levels of parathyroid hormone

8. Which of the following results from a deficit of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)?

A. inappropriate ADH syndrome

B. gigantism

C. diabetes insipidus

D. myxedema

9. Severe impairment of all aspects of growth and development, including difficulty feeding, mental retardation, and stunted skeletal growth are associated with:

A. myxedema

B. Cushing’s syndrome

C. diabetes insipidus

D. cretinism

E. Graves’ disease

10. Complications of diabetes mellitus include:

A. peripheral neuropathy

B. frequent infections

C. cataracts

D. a, c

E. a, b, c

11. Why does hypocalcemia cause tetany?

A. Skeletal muscle contractions are weaker.

B. Nerves to skeletal muscle are more excitable.

C. Calcium is not stored in skeletal muscle cells.

D. Serum phosphate levels are low.

12. Trophic hormones include:

A. insulin

B. glucagon

C. triiodothyronine

D. adrenocorticotropic hormone

13. A benign tumor of the adrenal medulla that secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine is called:

A. pheochromocytoma

B. Cushing’s syndrome

C. Graves’ disease

D. Addison’s disease

14. The anterior pituitary gland secretes all of the following hormones EXCEPT:

A. prolactin (PRL)

B. glucagon

C. adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

D. antidiuretic hormone

15. Which characteristic of hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic coma (HHNK) differentiates it from diabetic ketoacidosis?

A. Dehydration is less severe.

B. Ketonuria is not present.

C. It only develops in Type 1 diabetes mellitus.

D. CNS depression develops.

16. Compensation mechanisms occurring in the early stage of diabetic ketoacidosis include:

A. Kussmaul’s respirations

B. polydipsia

C. ketonuria

D. seizures

17. Goiters occur more frequently in persons living in the:

A. Great Lakes or mountainous regions

B. southwest USA

C. temperate regions

D. areas bordering the oceans

18. Which of the following hormones is involved in both the stress response and the anti-inflammatory response?

A. aldosterone

B. norepinephrine

C. thyroxine

D. cortisol

19. Which of the following may occur with a pituitary adenoma?

A. low blood pressure and bradycardia

B. headache and seizures

C. vomiting and diarrhea

D. loss of vision in one eye

20. Which diagnostic test is useful in determining if a pituitary dysfunction is causing a thyroid disorder?

A. serum levels of thyroxine and triiodothyronine

B. serum TSH levels

C. uptake of radioactive iodine (T3 uptake test)

D. presence of antibodies to T3 and T4

21. What is/are the effect(s) of thyrotoxic crisis?

A. hyperthermia and heart failure

B. hypotension and hypoglycemia

C. toxic goiter and hypometabolism

D. decreased stress response

22. All these tissues use glucose without the aid of insulin EXCEPT:

A. liver

B. digestive system

C. exercising skeletal muscle

D. brain

23. Which of the following is caused by Graves' disease?

A. increased metabolic rate

B. decreased size of thyroid gland

C. bradycardia and hypothermia

D. decreased blood levels of T3, T4, and TSH

E. increased epinephrine and norepinephrine

24. Which of the following conditions may cause immunosuppression?

A. Graves’ disease

B. acromegaly

C. Cushing’s disease

D. diabetes insipidus

25. Which of the following conditions may precipitate or exacerbate hyperglycemia?

A. hypothyroidism

B. Cushing’s disease

C. Addison’s disease

D. growth hormone deficit

26. Which of the following applies to oxytocin? 1. It stimulates contraction of the uterus after delivery. 2. It stimulates ejection of breast milk during lactation. 3. It stimulates mammary gland production of milk. 4. It is released from the adenohypophysis

A. 1, 2

B. 1, 4

C. 1, 3, 4

D. 1, 2, 3, 4

27. Which of the following is a major function of the hormone norepinephrine?

A. inhibition of an excessive stress response

B. visceral and cutaneous vasoconstriction

C. increased force of heart contraction

D. vasodilation in skeletal muscle

28. Which of the following may cause hypertension?

A. hypoparathyroidism

B. hypoglycemia

C. pheochromocytoma

D. Addison’s disease

29. Which of the following are likely present in a patient immobilized for a long period of time?

A. hypocalcemia and low serum PTH levels

B. hypocalcemia and high serum PTH levels

C. hypercalcemia and low serum PTH levels

D. hypercalcemia and high serum PTH levels

30. Which of the following often causes hyperparathyroidism?

A. a malignant tumor in the parathyroid glands

B. end-stage renal failure

C. osteoporosis

D. radiation involving the thyroid gland and neck area

31. Which of the following may cause high serum levels of parathyroid hormone?

A. hypoparathyroidism

B. chronic renal failure

C. hypercalcemia

D. adenoma in the thyroid gland

32. Catabolic effects of Cushing's syndrome include:

A. osteoporosis

B. hypertension

C. increased erythrocyte production

D. moon face and buffalo hump

33. Diabetic retinopathy results from:

A. degeneration of large blood vessels supplying the eye

B. abnormal metabolism in the lens of the eye

C. neuropathy affecting the optic nerve

D. obstruction or rupture of retinal blood vessels

34. Blood glucose levels are increased by: 1. glucocorticoids 2. glucagon 3. epinephrine 4. norepinephrine 5. parathormone

A. 1, 2

B. 1, 2, 3

C. 2, 4, 5

D. 1, 3, 4, 5

E. all of the above

P25(B)

1. Polydipsia occurs with diabetes mellitus when:

2.

What first name or nickname would you like us to use?

2. Early signs of hyperglycemia include polyphagia, which means:

3. What is the recommended treatment for insulin shock if the patient remains conscious?

4. Differences between Type I and Type II diabetes include:

5. Metabolic syndrome is marked by:

7. Dwarfism is caused by:

8. Which of the following results from a deficit of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)?

9. Severe impairment of all aspects of growth and development, including difficulty feeding, mental retardation, and stunted skeletal growth are associated with:

10. Complications of diabetes mellitus include:

11. Why does hypocalcemia cause tetany?

12. Trophic hormones include:

13. A benign tumor of the adrenal medulla that secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine is called:

14. The anterior pituitary gland secretes all of the following hormones EXCEPT:

15. Which characteristic of hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic coma (HHNK) differentiates it from diabetic ketoacidosis?

16. Compensation mechanisms occurring in the early stage of diabetic ketoacidosis include:

17. Goiters occur more frequently in persons living in the:

18. Which of the following hormones is involved in both the stress response and the anti-inflammatory response?

19. Which of the following may occur with a pituitary adenoma?

20. Which diagnostic test is useful in determining if a pituitary dysfunction is causing a thyroid disorder?

21. What is/are the effect(s) of thyrotoxic crisis?

22. All these tissues use glucose without the aid of insulin EXCEPT:

23. Which of the following is caused by Graves' disease?

24. Which of the following conditions may cause immunosuppression?

25. Which of the following conditions may precipitate or exacerbate hyperglycemia?

26. Which of the following applies to oxytocin? 1. It stimulates contraction of the uterus after delivery. 2. It stimulates ejection of breast milk during lactation. 3. It stimulates mammary gland production of milk. 4. It is released from the adenohypophysis

27. Which of the following is a major function of the hormone norepinephrine?

28. Which of the following may cause hypertension?

29. Which of the following are likely present in a patient immobilized for a long period of time?

30. Which of the following often causes hyperparathyroidism?

31. Which of the following may cause high serum levels of parathyroid hormone?

32. Catabolic effects of Cushing's syndrome include:

33. Diabetic retinopathy results from:

34. Blood glucose levels are increased by: 1. glucocorticoids 2. glucagon 3. epinephrine 4. norepinephrine 5. parathormone