P21a Likely 9
- 1.
Which of the following structures is most likely to be located in the renal medulla?
- A.
A. proximal convoluted tubule
- B.
B. glomerulus
- C.
C. loop of Henle
- D.
D. afferent arteriole
Correct Answer
C. C. loop of Henle -
- 2.
Which of the following is NOT a function of the kidney?
- A.
A. regulation of body fluid concentrations
- B.
B. removal of nitrogenous and acidic wastes
- C.
C. activation of vitamin D
- D.
D. production of albumin
Correct Answer
D. D. production of albumin -
- 3.
Which of the following describes the correct flow of blood in the kidney?
- A.
A. afferent arteriole to the peritubular capillaries to the venule
- B.
B. efferent arteriole to the glomerular capillaries to the peritubular capillaries
- C.
C. peritubular capillaries to the glomerular capillaries to the venule
- D.
D. afferent arteriole to the glomerular capillaries to the efferent arteriole
Correct Answer
D. D. afferent arteriole to the glomerular capillaries to the efferent arteriole -
- 4.
Which of the following describes the flow of filtrate in the kidney?
- A.
A. the collecting duct to the distal convoluted tubule to the renal pelvis
- B.
B. Bowman’s capsule to the proximal convoluted tubule to the loop of Henle
- C.
C. the loop of Henle to the collecting duct to Bowman’s capsule
- D.
D. the distal convoluted tubule to the loop of Henle to the collecting duct
Correct Answer
B. B. Bowman’s capsule to the proximal convoluted tubule to the loop of Henle -
- 5.
Which of the following describes the normal flow of urine?
- A.
A. collecting duct to the renal pelvis to the ureter to the bladder
- B.
B. renal pelvis to the urethra to the bladder to the ureter
- C.
C. ureter to the renal pelvis to the urethra to the bladder
- D.
D. collecting duct to the ureter to the urethra
Correct Answer
A. A. collecting duct to the renal pelvis to the ureter to the bladder -
- 6.
Which statement about the bladder is TRUE?
- A.
A. The bladder wall lacks rugae.
- B.
B. Three openings from the urinary bladder form the trigone.
- C.
C. It contracts when stimulated by the sympathetic nervous system.
- D.
D. Continuous peristalsis in the bladder wall promotes urine flow.
Correct Answer
B. B. Three openings from the urinary bladder form the trigone. -
- 7.
Which of the following increases glomerular filtration rate?
- A.
A. increased plasma osmotic pressure
- B.
B. dilation of the efferent arteriole
- C.
C. increased hydrostatic pressure in the glomerular capillaries
- D.
D. constriction of the afferent arteriole
Correct Answer
C. C. increased hydrostatic pressure in the glomerular capillaries -
- 8.
Normally, which of the following is reabsorbed completely from the filtrate?
- A.
A. glucose
- B.
B. sodium
- C.
C. water
- D.
D. urea
Correct Answer
A. A. glucose -
- 9.
Which substance directly controls the reabsorption of water from the collecting ducts?
- A.
A. renin
- B.
B. aldosterone
- C.
C. angiotensin
- D.
D. antidiuretic hormone
Correct Answer
D. D. antidiuretic hormone -
- 10.
Under what circumstances do cells in the kidneys secrete renin?
- A.
A. The urine pH decreases.
- B.
B. Blood flow in the afferent arteriole decreases.
- C.
C. Serum potassium levels are high.
- D.
D. Serum osmotic pressure increases.
Correct Answer
B. B. Blood flow in the afferent arteriole decreases. -
- 11.
Which of the following should be present in the filtrate in the proximal convoluted tubule?
- A.
A. plasma proteins
- B.
B. erythrocytes
- C.
C. sodium and potassium ions
- D.
D. leukocytes
Correct Answer
C. C. sodium and potassium ions -
- 12.
From the following, choose the substance likely to appear in the urine when the glomerulus is inflamed.
- A.
A. albumin
- B.
B. urea
- C.
C. sodium
- D.
D. creatinine
Correct Answer
A. A. albumin -
- 13.
Which of the following functions would be impaired when tubular epithelial cells have been damaged?
- A.
A. adjusting the specific gravity of the urine
- B.
B. reabsorbing the plasma proteins
- C.
C. secreting renin
- D.
D. exchanging sodium ions for bicarbonate ions
Correct Answer
A. A. adjusting the specific gravity of the urine -
- 14.
When a respiratory infection with high fever is present in the body, how would the kidney tubules maintain normal pH of body fluids?
- A.
A. Increase the flow of filtrate.
- B.
B. Secrete more acids and reabsorb more bicarbonate ions.
- C.
C. Excrete a larger volume of more dilute urine.
- D.
D. Retain more potassium ions in exchange for sodium ions.
Correct Answer
B. B. Secrete more acids and reabsorb more bicarbonate ions. -
- 15.
When comparing normal kidney function with dialysis, which of the following mechanisms is not possible in dialysis?
- A.
A. diffusion
- B.
B. osmosis
- C.
C. ultrafiltration
- D.
D. active transport
Correct Answer
D. D. active transport -
- 16.
What is the cause of most cases of pyelonephritis?
- A.
A. an ascending infection by E. coli
- B.
B. abnormal immune response, causing inflammation
- C.
C. dialysis or other invasive procedure
- D.
D. virulent bacteria in the blood
Correct Answer
A. A. an ascending infection by E. coli -
- 17.
Which disease is manifested by dysuria and pyuria?
- A.
A. nephrotic syndrome
- B.
B. cystitis
- C.
C. glomerulonephritis
- D.
D. urolithiasis
Correct Answer
B. B. cystitis -
- 18.
Why may acute pyelonephritis and cystitis follow untreated prostatitis?
- A.
A. Microbes spread through the circulation.
- B.
B. Antibodies have not yet formed.
- C.
C. There is no effective treatment.
- D.
D. There is a continuous mucosa along these structures.
Correct Answer
D. D. There is a continuous mucosa along these structures. -
- 19.
Pyelonephritis may be distinguished from cystitis by the presence in pyelonephritis of:
- A.
A. microbes, leukocytes, and pus in the urine
- B.
B. painful micturition
- C.
C. urgency and frequency
- D.
D. urinary casts and flank pain
Correct Answer
D. D. urinary casts and flank pain -
- 20.
In a case of acute pyelonephritis, what is the cause of flank pain?
- A.
A. inflammation, causing ischemia in the tubules
- B.
B. inflammation, stretching the renal capsule
- C.
C. increasing glomerular permeability, creating an increased volume of filtrate in the kidney
- D.
D. microbes irritating the tissues
Correct Answer
B. B. inflammation, stretching the renal capsule -
- 21.
Which pathophysiologic process applies to acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis?
- A.
A. streptococcal infection affects both the glomerular and tubule functions
- B.
B. ischemic damage occurs in the tubules, causing obstruction and decreased GFR
- C.
C. immune complexes deposit in glomerular tissue, causing inflammation
- D.
D. increased glomerular permeability for unknown reasons
Correct Answer
C. C. immune complexes deposit in glomerular tissue, causing inflammation -
- 22.
What causes the dark urine associated with acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis?
- A.
A. increased glomerular permeability resulting in gross hematuria
- B.
B. proteinuria and microscopic hematuria from the inflammation
- C.
C. pyuria from inflammatory exudate
- D.
D. bleeding from ulcerations in the kidneys
Correct Answer
A. A. increased glomerular permeability resulting in gross hematuria -
- 23.
Renal disease frequently causes hypertension because:
- A.
A. albuminuria increases vascular volume
- B.
B. congestion and ischemia stimulates release of renin
- C.
C. ADH secretion is decreased
- D.
D. damaged tubules absorb large amounts of filtrate
Correct Answer
B. B. congestion and ischemia stimulates release of renin -
- 24.
Urinary casts are present with acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis because of:
- A.
A. large numbers of microbes and leukocytes enter the filtrate
- B.
B. ruptured capillaries release debris into the tubules
- C.
C. normal reabsorption of cells and proteins cannot take place
- D.
D. inflamed tubules mold RBCs and protein into a typical mass
Correct Answer
D. D. inflamed tubules mold RBCs and protein into a typical mass -
- 25.
Which disease would cause an increased ASO titer and elevated serum ASK?
- A.
A. nephrotic syndrome
- B.
B. acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis
- C.
C. pyelonephritis
- D.
D. polycystic kidney
Correct Answer
B. B. acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis -
- 26.
Why does metabolic acidosis develop with bilateral kidney disease?
- A.
A. Tubule exchanges are impaired.
- B.
B. GFR is increased.
- C.
C. Serum urea is increased.
- D.
D. More bicarbonate ion is produced.
Correct Answer
A. A. Tubule exchanges are impaired. -
- 27.
What is the first indicator in the arterial blood gases of acidosis caused by kidney disease?
- A.
A. increased carbonic acid
- B.
B. increased bicarbonate ion
- C.
C. pH less than 7.35
- D.
D. decreased bicarbonate ion
Correct Answer
D. D. decreased bicarbonate ion -
- 28.
What would be the long-term effects of chronic infection or inflammation of the kidneys?
- A.
A. dehydration and hypovolemia
- B.
B. gradual necrosis, fibrosis, and development of uremia
- C.
C. sudden anuria and azotemia
- D.
D. severe back or flank pain
Correct Answer
B. B. gradual necrosis, fibrosis, and development of uremia -
- 29.
What factors contribute to headache, anorexia, and lethargy with kidney disease? 1. increased blood pressure 2. elevated serum urea 3. anemia 4. acidosis
- A.
A. 1 only
- B.
B. 2, 4
- C.
C. 1, 3, 4
- D.
D. 1, 2, 3, 4
Correct Answer
D. D. 1, 2, 3, 4 -
- 30.
What are the significant signs of nephrotic syndrome?
- A.
A. hyperlipidemia and lipiduria
- B.
B. pyuria and leucopenia
- C.
C. hypertension and heart failure
- D.
D. gross hematuria and pyuria
Correct Answer
A. A. hyperlipidemia and lipiduria -
- 31.
Why does blood pressure often remain near normal in patients with nephrotic syndrome?
- A.
A. Massive amounts of fluid are lost from the body with polyuria.
- B.
B. Renin and aldosterone are no longer secreted.
- C.
C. Tubules do not respond to ADH and aldosterone.
- D.
D. Hypoproteinemia results in significant fluid shift to the interstitial compartment.
Correct Answer
D. D. Hypoproteinemia results in significant fluid shift to the interstitial compartment. -
- 32.
Common causes of urolithiasis include all of the following EXCEPT:
- A.
A. hypercalcemia
- B.
B. hyperlipidemia
- C.
C. inadequate fluid intake
- D.
D. hyperuricemia
Correct Answer
B. B. hyperlipidemia -
- 33.
Which of the following results from obstruction of the left ureter by a renal calculus?
- A.
A. mild flank pain on the affected side
- B.
B. hydronephrosis in both kidneys
- C.
C. immediate cessation of urine production
- D.
D. an attack of renal colic
Correct Answer
D. D. an attack of renal colic -
- 34.
What does hydronephrosis lead to?
- A.
A. ischemia and fibrosis in the compressed area
- B.
B. multiple hemorrhages in the kidney
- C.
C. severe colicky pain radiating into the groin
- D.
D. increased GFR
Correct Answer
A. A. ischemia and fibrosis in the compressed area -
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May 11, 2013Quiz Edited by
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