P2 Likely 12

1. 31. A serous exudate is best described as a:

A. thin, watery, colorless exudate

B. thick, sticky, cloudy secretion

C. thick, greenish material containing microbes

D. brownish, clotted material

ANS: A

Explanation

ANS: A

2. 35. Application of ice to an injured knee reduces edema by:

A.promoting return of lymph fluid

B. causing local vasoconstriction

C. increasing the rate of tissue repair

D. causing systemic vasodilatation

ANS: B

Explanation

ANS: B

3. 21. Which of the following drugs relieves fever and some types of pain but is NOT an anti-inflammatory agent?

A. Acetaminophen

B. Prednisone

C. Aspirin

D. Ibuprofen

ANS: A

Explanation

ANS: A

4. 53. Why is an application of cold recommended as part of the RICE first aid measures immediately following an inflammatory response due to injury? Because cold:

A. improves circulation in the area removing chemical mediators

B. causes local vasoconstriction to reduce local edema

C. draws more phagocytic cells to the area to remove debris

D. promotes immediate healing

ANS: B

Explanation

ANS: B

5. 41. Causes of inflammation include:

A. direct physical damage such as cuts and sprains

B. ischemia or infarction

C. allergic reactions

D. infection

E. all the above

ANS: E

Explanation

ANS: E

6. 43. The cardinal signs of inflammation include all of the following EXCEPT:

A. redness

B. loss of function

C. nausea

D. swelling

E. pain

ANS: C

Explanation

ANS: C

7. 7. Edema associated with inflammation results directly from:

A. increased fluid and protein in the interstitial compartment

B. increased phagocytes in the affected area

C. decreased capillary permeability

D. general vasoconstriction

ANS: A

Explanation

ANS: A

8. 39. An abscess contains:

A. serous exudate

B. purulent exudate

C. fibrinous exudate

D. hemorrhagic exudate

ANS: B

Explanation

ANS: B

9. 3. The inflammatory response is a nonspecific response to:

A. phagocytosis of foreign material

B. local vasodilatation

C. any tissue injury

D. formation of purulent exudates

ANS: C

Explanation

ANS: C

10. 14. Mechanisms to bring an elevated body temperature down to the normal level include:

A. general cutaneous vasodilatation

B. generalized shivering

C. increased heart rate

D. increased metabolic rate

ANS: A

Explanation

ANS: A

11. 8. The warmth and redness related to the inflammatory response results from:

A. increased interstitial fluid

B. production of complement

C. large number of WBCs entering the area

D. increased blood flow into the area

ANS: D

Explanation

ANS: D

12. 11. Systemic effects of severe inflammation include:

A. erythema and warmth

B. loss of movement at the affected joint

C. fatigue, anorexia, and mild fever

D. abscess formation

ANS: C

Explanation

ANS: C

13. 30. Isoenzymes in the circulating blood:

A. are a type of plasma protein normally present in the circulating blood

B. often indicate the precise location of an inflammatory response

C. are normally released from leukocytes during the inflammatory response

D. are pyrogens, causing low-grade fever

ANS: B

Explanation

ANS: B

14. 33. Indicators of a general inflammatory response would include:

A. high, spiking fever and chills

B. elevated C-reactive protein

C. leukopenia and reduced ESR

D. elevated ALT and CK-MB

ANS: B

Explanation

ANS: B

15. 32. Systemic manifestations of an inflammatory response include:

A. edema and erythema

B. area of necrosis and loss of function

C. pain and tenderness

D. elevated C-reactive protein and leukocytosis

ANS: D

Explanation

ANS: D

16. 46. Systemic manifestations of inflammation include all EXCEPT:

A. pyrexia

B. malaise

C. chest pain

D. anorexia

ANS: C

Explanation

ANS: C

17. 47. Which of the following cellular elements found in the inflammatory response are responsible for phagocytosis?

A. macrophages

B. basophils

C. B-lymphocytes

D. T-lymphocytes

E. eosinophils

ANS: A

Explanation

ANS: A

18. 13. Which of the following statements applies to fever?

A. Viral infection is usually present.

B. Heat-loss mechanisms have been stimulated.

C. It is caused by a signal to the thalamus.

D. It results from release of pyrogens into the circulation.

ANS: D

Explanation

ANS: D

19. 5. Which of the following result directly from the release of chemical mediators following a moderate burn injury? 1. pain 2. local vasoconstriction 3. increased capillary permeability 4. pallor

A. 1, 2

B. 1, 3

C. 2, 3

D. 2, 4

ANS: B

Explanation

ANS: B

20. 9. What is the correct order of the following events in the inflammatory response immediately after tissue injury? 1. increased permeability of blood vessels 2. dilation of blood vessels 3. transient vasoconstriction 4. migration of leukocytes to the area 5. hyperemia

A. 5, 3, 2, 1, 4

B. 1, 2, 4, 5, 3

C. 2, 3, 5, 4, 1

D. 3, 2, 5, 1, 4

ANS: D

Explanation

ANS: D

21. 29. Purulent exudates usually contain:

A. small amounts of plasma protein & histamine in water

B. red blood cells & all types of white blood cells

C. numerous leukocytes, bacteria, and cell debris

D. large amounts of water containing a few cells

ANS: C

Explanation

ANS: C

22. 19. Glucocorticoids are used to treat inflammation because they directly:

A. promote the release of prostaglandins at the site

B. decrease capillary permeability

C. mobilize lymphocytes and neutrophils

D. prevent infection

ANS: B

Explanation

ANS: B

23. 20. Patients taking glucocorticoids for long periods of time are likely to develop all of the following EXCEPT:

A. decreased bone density

B. wasting of skeletal muscle

C. opportunistic infections

D. increased leukocyte production

ANS: D

Explanation

ANS: D

24. 45. Aspirin (ASA) is discouraged for treatment of viral infection in children because of:

A. decreased bone growth after puberty

B. frequent production of blood clots

C. formation of a granuloma filled with virus

D. the risk of developing Reye’s syndrome

ANS: D

Explanation

ANS: D

25. 38. The number of neutrophils in the blood is increased significantly:

A. during allergic reactions

B. during chronic inflammation

C. to produce antibodies

D. in order to promote phagocytosis

ANS: D

Explanation

ANS: D

26. 42. In normal capillary exchange, what is net hydrostatic pressure based on?

A. the difference between the hydrostatic pressure within the capillary, as compared with the hydrostatic pressure of the interstitial fluid

B. the relative osmotic pressures in the blood and the interstitial fluid

C. the difference between the hydrostatic pressure and osmotic pressure within the capillary

ANS: A

Explanation

ANS: A

27. 51. Which of the following statements regarding inflammation is incorrect?

A. Inflammation caused by an allergen or a burn will contain a serous exudate.

B. Infection is one cause of inflammation.

C. Inflammation is the body’s nonspecific response to tissue injury.

D. Disorders are named using the ending -sarcoma to indicate inflammation.

ANS: D

Explanation

ANS: D

28. 4. Chemical mediators released during the inflammatory response include:

A. albumin and fibrinogen

B. growth factors and cell enzymes

C. macrophages and neutrophils

D. histamine

ANS: D

Explanation

ANS: D

29. 44. Drugs that have anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic activities include: 1. COX-2 inhibitors (NSAIDs) 2. glucocorticoids (e.g., prednisone) 3. ibuprofen (NSAIDs) 4. acetaminophen 5. aspirin (ASA)

A. 1, 2

B. 2, 4

C. 1, 3, 5

D. 1, 4, 5

E. 2, 3, 5

ANS: C

Explanation

ANS: C

30. 27. During an inflammatory response, erythema is caused by:

A. vasodilatation in the area

B. increased capillary permeability

C. irritation of sensory nerve endings by histamine

D. increased leukocytes in the area

ANS: A

Explanation

ANS: A

31. 62. Which of the following is a serious potential complication found only with the anti-inflammatory COX-2 inhibitor drugs?

A. increased risk of infection at the site of inflammation

B. Reye’s syndrome developing in children and young adults

C. increased incidence of heart attacks and strokes

D. greatly delayed blood clotting

ANS: C

Explanation

ANS: C

32. 37. Prostaglandins are produced from _ and cause _.

A. activated plasma protein; increased capillary permeability

B. mast cells; vasodilatation and pain

C. platelets; attraction of neutrophils, chemotaxis

D. mast cell granules; activation of histamines and kinins

ANS: B

Explanation

ANS: B

33. 40. Nonspecific agents that protect uninfected cells against viruses are called:

A. neutrophils

B. macrophages

C. interferons

D. pyrogens

ANS: C

Explanation

ANS: C

34. 34. Prolonged administration of glucocorticoids such as prednisone may cause: 1. atrophy of lymphoid tissue 2. increased resistance to infection 3. thrombocytopenia 4. decreased protein synthesis

A. 1, 2

B. 1, 3

C. 1, 4

D. 2, 4

ANS: C

Explanation

ANS: C

35. 48. Which chemical mediator is involved in prolonging the inflammatory response?

A. bradykinin

B. histamine

C. leukotrienes

D. chemotactic factors

ANS: C

Explanation

ANS: C

36. 52. Which of the following helps to localize and contain the foreign material during an inflammatory response?

A. lymphocytes

B. increased fluid

C. fibrinogen

D. antibodies

ANS: C

Explanation

ANS: C

P2 Likely 12

1. 31. A serous exudate is best described as a:

2.

What first name or nickname would you like us to use?

2. 35. Application of ice to an injured knee reduces edema by:

3. 21. Which of the following drugs relieves fever and some types of pain but is NOT an anti-inflammatory agent?

4. 53. Why is an application of cold recommended as part of the RICE first aid measures immediately following an inflammatory response due to injury? Because cold:

5. 41. Causes of inflammation include:

6. 43. The cardinal signs of inflammation include all of the following EXCEPT:

7. 7. Edema associated with inflammation results directly from:

8. 39. An abscess contains:

9. 3. The inflammatory response is a nonspecific response to:

10. 14. Mechanisms to bring an elevated body temperature down to the normal level include:

11. 8. The warmth and redness related to the inflammatory response results from:

12. 11. Systemic effects of severe inflammation include:

13. 30. Isoenzymes in the circulating blood:

14. 33. Indicators of a general inflammatory response would include:

15. 32. Systemic manifestations of an inflammatory response include:

16. 46. Systemic manifestations of inflammation include all EXCEPT:

17. 47. Which of the following cellular elements found in the inflammatory response are responsible for phagocytosis?

18. 13. Which of the following statements applies to fever?

19. 5. Which of the following result directly from the release of chemical mediators following a moderate burn injury? 1. pain 2. local vasoconstriction 3. increased capillary permeability 4. pallor

20. 9. What is the correct order of the following events in the inflammatory response immediately after tissue injury? 1. increased permeability of blood vessels 2. dilation of blood vessels 3. transient vasoconstriction 4. migration of leukocytes to the area 5. hyperemia

21. 29. Purulent exudates usually contain:

22. 19. Glucocorticoids are used to treat inflammation because they directly:

23. 20. Patients taking glucocorticoids for long periods of time are likely to develop all of the following EXCEPT:

24. 45. Aspirin (ASA) is discouraged for treatment of viral infection in children because of:

25. 38. The number of neutrophils in the blood is increased significantly:

26. 42. In normal capillary exchange, what is net hydrostatic pressure based on?

27. 51. Which of the following statements regarding inflammation is incorrect?

28. 4. Chemical mediators released during the inflammatory response include:

29. 44. Drugs that have anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic activities include: 1. COX-2 inhibitors (NSAIDs) 2. glucocorticoids (e.g., prednisone) 3. ibuprofen (NSAIDs) 4. acetaminophen 5. aspirin (ASA)

30. 27. During an inflammatory response, erythema is caused by:

31. 62. Which of the following is a serious potential complication found only with the anti-inflammatory COX-2 inhibitor drugs?

32. 37. Prostaglandins are produced from ___________ and cause ___________.

33. 40. Nonspecific agents that protect uninfected cells against viruses are called:

34. 34. Prolonged administration of glucocorticoids such as prednisone may cause: 1. atrophy of lymphoid tissue 2. increased resistance to infection 3. thrombocytopenia 4. decreased protein synthesis

35. 48. Which chemical mediator is involved in prolonging the inflammatory response?

36. 52. Which of the following helps to localize and contain the foreign material during an inflammatory response?

32. 37. Prostaglandins are produced from _ and cause _.