P2 Likely 12

A. phagocytosis of foreign material

B. local vasodilatation

C. any tissue injury

D. formation of purulent exudates

A. albumin and fibrinogen

B. growth factors and cell enzymes

C. macrophages and neutrophils

D. histamine

A. 1, 2

B. 1, 3

C. 2, 3

D. 2, 4

A. increased fluid and protein in the interstitial compartment

B. increased phagocytes in the affected area

C. decreased capillary permeability

D. general vasoconstriction

A. increased interstitial fluid

B. production of complement

C. large number of WBCs entering the area

D. increased blood flow into the area

A. 5, 3, 2, 1, 4

B. 1, 2, 4, 5, 3

C. 2, 3, 5, 4, 1

D. 3, 2, 5, 1, 4

A. erythema and warmth

B. loss of movement at the affected joint

C. fatigue, anorexia, and mild fever

D. abscess formation

A. Viral infection is usually present.

B. Heat-loss mechanisms have been stimulated.

C. It is caused by a signal to the thalamus.

D. It results from release of pyrogens into the circulation.

A. general cutaneous vasodilatation

B. generalized shivering

C. increased heart rate

D. increased metabolic rate

A. promote the release of prostaglandins at the site

B. decrease capillary permeability

C. mobilize lymphocytes and neutrophils

D. prevent infection

A. decreased bone density

B. wasting of skeletal muscle

C. opportunistic infections

D. increased leukocyte production

A. Acetaminophen

B. Prednisone

C. Aspirin

D. Ibuprofen

A. vasodilatation in the area

B. increased capillary permeability

C. irritation of sensory nerve endings by histamine

D. increased leukocytes in the area

A. small amounts of plasma protein & histamine in water

B. red blood cells & all types of white blood cells

C. numerous leukocytes, bacteria, and cell debris

D. large amounts of water containing a few cells

A. are a type of plasma protein normally present in the circulating blood

B. often indicate the precise location of an inflammatory response

C. are normally released from leukocytes during the inflammatory response

D. are pyrogens, causing low-grade fever

A. thin, watery, colorless exudate

B. thick, sticky, cloudy secretion

C. thick, greenish material containing microbes

D. brownish, clotted material

A. edema and erythema

B. area of necrosis and loss of function

C. pain and tenderness

D. elevated C-reactive protein and leukocytosis

A. high, spiking fever and chills

B. elevated C-reactive protein

C. leukopenia and reduced ESR

D. elevated ALT and CK-MB

A. 1, 2

B. 1, 3

C. 1, 4

D. 2, 4

A.promoting return of lymph fluid

B. causing local vasoconstriction

C. increasing the rate of tissue repair

D. causing systemic vasodilatation

A. activated plasma protein; increased capillary permeability

B. mast cells; vasodilatation and pain

C. platelets; attraction of neutrophils, chemotaxis

D. mast cell granules; activation of histamines and kinins

A. during allergic reactions

B. during chronic inflammation

C. to produce antibodies

D. in order to promote phagocytosis

A. serous exudate

B. purulent exudate

C. fibrinous exudate

D. hemorrhagic exudate

A. neutrophils

B. macrophages

C. interferons

D. pyrogens

A. direct physical damage such as cuts and sprains

B. ischemia or infarction

C. allergic reactions

D. infection

E. all the above

A. the difference between the hydrostatic pressure within the capillary, as compared with the hydrostatic pressure of the interstitial fluid

B. the relative osmotic pressures in the blood and the interstitial fluid

C. the difference between the hydrostatic pressure and osmotic pressure within the capillary

D. the difference between the concentrations of blood cells, plasma proteins, and dissolved substances in the blood and the interstitial fluid

A. redness

B. loss of function

C. nausea

D. swelling

E. pain

A. 1, 2

B. 2, 4

C. 1, 3, 5

D. 1, 4, 5

E. 2, 3, 5

A. decreased bone growth after puberty

B. frequent production of blood clots

C. formation of a granuloma filled with virus

D. the risk of developing Reye’s syndrome

A. pyrexia

B. malaise

C. chest pain

D. anorexia

A. macrophages

B. basophils

C. B-lymphocytes

D. T-lymphocytes

E. eosinophils

A. bradykinin

B. histamine

C. leukotrienes

D. chemotactic factors

A. Inflammation caused by an allergen or a burn will contain a serous exudate.

B. Infection is one cause of inflammation.

C. Inflammation is the body’s nonspecific response to tissue injury.

D. Disorders are named using the ending -sarcoma to indicate inflammation.

A. lymphocytes

B. increased fluid

C. fibrinogen

D. antibodies

A. improves circulation in the area removing chemical mediators

B. causes local vasoconstriction to reduce local edema

C. draws more phagocytic cells to the area to remove debris

D. promotes immediate healing

A. increased risk of infection at the site of inflammation

B. Reye’s syndrome developing in children and young adults

C. increased incidence of heart attacks and strokes

D. greatly delayed blood clotting