Ions, Isotopes, Atoms, Periodic Table Review
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Questions and Answers
- 1.
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- 2.
What is the difference between atoms and ions when it comes to the number of neutrons?
- A.
Ions have one extra neutron
- B.
Ions have one less neutron
- C.
There is no difference when it comes to the number of neutrons
Correct Answer
C. There is no difference when it comes to the number of neutronsExplanation
Atoms and ions are both composed of protons, neutrons, and electrons. The number of neutrons in an atom is determined by the atomic mass, which can vary among different isotopes of the same element. When an atom becomes an ion, it gains or loses electrons, not neutrons. Therefore, the number of neutrons remains the same for both atoms and ions of the same element.Rate this question:
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- 3.
In an atom, the numbers of protons and electrons are...
- A.
...the same
- B.
Are not the same
Correct Answer
A. ...the sameExplanation
In an atom, the numbers of protons and electrons are the same. Protons carry a positive charge, while electrons carry a negative charge. In a neutral atom, the number of protons is equal to the number of electrons, resulting in a balanced electrical charge. This balance allows the atom to remain stable and maintain its overall neutral charge.Rate this question:
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- 4.
In an ion the numbers of electrons are...
- A.
... are the same as the number of protons
- B.
... not the same as the number of protons
Correct Answer
B. ... not the same as the number of protonsExplanation
In an ion, the numbers of electrons are not the same as the number of protons. This is because an ion is formed when an atom gains or loses electrons, resulting in an unequal number of electrons and protons. If an atom gains electrons, it becomes a negatively charged ion (anion) with more electrons than protons. Conversely, if an atom loses electrons, it becomes a positively charged ion (cation) with fewer electrons than protons. Therefore, the number of electrons in an ion is not equal to the number of protons.Rate this question:
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- 5.
An ion is an atoms that have..
- A.
Gained or lost protons
- B.
Gained or lost neutrons
- C.
Gained or lost electrons
Correct Answer
C. Gained or lost electronsExplanation
An ion is an atom that has gained or lost electrons. Electrons are negatively charged particles that orbit around the nucleus of an atom. When an atom gains or loses electrons, it becomes charged and forms an ion. If an atom gains electrons, it becomes negatively charged and forms a negative ion or an anion. If an atom loses electrons, it becomes positively charged and forms a positive ion or a cation. Therefore, gaining or losing electrons is the correct explanation for the formation of ions.Rate this question:
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- 6.
An atom that have gained electrons is an...
- A.
.. positive ion
- B.
.. negative ion
- C.
...neutral ion
Correct Answer
B. .. negative ionExplanation
When an atom gains electrons, it becomes negatively charged because the number of negatively charged electrons now exceeds the number of positively charged protons in the nucleus. This excess of electrons creates a negative ion. Therefore, the correct answer is a negative ion.Rate this question:
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- 7.
1. The rows of the Periodic Table are called
- A.
Period
- B.
Group
Correct Answer
A. PeriodExplanation
The rows of the Periodic Table are called "Periods" because they represent the energy levels or shells in which the electrons of the elements are arranged. Each period corresponds to a specific number of electron shells, starting with the first period containing only one shell and increasing as you move down the table. The period number also indicates the highest energy level occupied by electrons in that row. Therefore, "Period" is the correct answer.Rate this question:
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- 8.
The energy level is found by looking at the __________ number
- A.
Period
- B.
Group
Correct Answer
A. PeriodExplanation
The energy level is found by looking at the period number. In the periodic table, the elements are arranged in periods, which represent the number of electron shells or energy levels an atom has. Each period corresponds to a specific energy level, with the first period having one energy level, the second period having two energy levels, and so on. Therefore, by identifying the period number of an element, we can determine its energy level.Rate this question:
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- 9.
The number of valence electrons are found by looking at the ____________ number.
- A.
Group
- B.
Period
Correct Answer
A. GroupExplanation
The number of valence electrons are found by looking at the group number. In the periodic table, elements are organized into groups based on their similar chemical properties. The group number represents the number of valence electrons an element has. Valence electrons are the outermost electrons in an atom and are responsible for the element's chemical behavior and reactivity. Therefore, by knowing the group number of an element, we can determine the number of valence electrons it has.Rate this question:
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- 10.
The charge of an atom is
- A.
Positive
- B.
Negative
- C.
Neutral
Correct Answer
C. NeutralExplanation
Atoms are composed of protons, neutrons, and electrons. Protons carry a positive charge, electrons carry a negative charge, and neutrons have no charge. In an atom, the number of protons and electrons is equal, resulting in a neutral charge overall. Therefore, the correct answer is neutral.Rate this question:
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- 11.
Most of the atoms volume (space) is
- A.
The nucleus
- B.
The electron cloud
- C.
Empty space
- D.
Proton mass
Correct Answer
C. Empty spaceExplanation
Atoms are composed of a nucleus, which contains protons and neutrons, and an electron cloud, where electrons orbit around the nucleus. The nucleus is very small compared to the overall size of the atom, so most of the atom's volume is actually empty space. This means that the majority of an atom's volume is not occupied by the nucleus or the electron cloud, but rather is empty.Rate this question:
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- 12.
An atom has 40 electrons and 46 neutrons. How many protons does it have?
- A.
40
- B.
46
- C.
86
- D.
101
Correct Answer
A. 40Explanation
An atom is electrically neutral, meaning it has the same number of protons and electrons. Since the atom in question has 40 electrons, it must also have 40 protons to balance the charges. The number of neutrons does not affect the overall charge of the atom.Rate this question:
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- 13.
An atom has 22 electrons and 24 neutrons. What is the atomic number?
- A.
22
- B.
24
- C.
45
- D.
2
Correct Answer
A. 22Explanation
The atomic number of an atom is equal to the number of protons in its nucleus. In this case, the atom has 22 electrons, which means it also has 22 protons since atoms are electrically neutral. Therefore, the atomic number is 22.Rate this question:
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- 14.
The atom's mass is found mostly in the
- A.
Nucleus
- B.
Protons
- C.
Electrons
- D.
Electron cloud
Correct Answer
A. NucleusExplanation
The correct answer is nucleus. The nucleus of an atom contains most of its mass because it is where the protons and neutrons are located. Protons have a positive charge and neutrons have no charge, and together they make up the majority of an atom's mass. Electrons, on the other hand, have a very small mass and are found in the electron cloud surrounding the nucleus. Therefore, the majority of an atom's mass is concentrated in the nucleus.Rate this question:
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- 15.
A particle has 25 protons, 22 electrons and 24 neutrons. Which of these statement is true?
- A.
The particle is an atom
- B.
The particle is an ion
- C.
The particle is an isotope
- D.
) the particle is a nucleus
Correct Answer
B. The particle is an ionExplanation
An ion is an atom or molecule that has gained or lost electrons, resulting in a positive or negative charge. In this case, the particle has 25 protons and 22 electrons, indicating a net positive charge of +3. Therefore, the particle is an ion.Rate this question:
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- 16.
What is the atomic number of an atom that has 12 protons, 13 neutron and 12 electrons
- A.
2
- B.
12
- C.
13
- D.
15
- E.
25
Correct Answer
B. 12Explanation
The atomic number of an atom is determined by the number of protons in its nucleus. In this case, the atom has 12 protons, so its atomic number is 12. The number of neutrons and electrons does not affect the atomic number.Rate this question:
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- 17.
Two isotopes have the same number of
- A.
Protons
- B.
Neutrons
- C.
Electrons
- D.
Atoms
Correct Answer
A. ProtonsExplanation
Isotopes are the same element so they have the same number of protons. They differ in the number of neutronsRate this question:
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- 18.
The atomic number of an element tells us the number of protons and neutrons in a specific isotope
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
The atomic number of an element only tells us the number of protons in an atom, not the number of neutrons. Neutrons can vary in number within different isotopes of the same element, so the atomic number alone cannot determine the number of neutrons.Rate this question:
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- 19.
The atomic number is the number of protons in the nucleus and also identifies the element
- A.
False
- B.
True
Correct Answer
B. TrueExplanation
The statement is true because the atomic number of an element is indeed the number of protons in its nucleus. Each element has a unique atomic number, which determines its position on the periodic table and identifies the element. Therefore, the correct answer is true.Rate this question:
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- 20.
Pure Gold, Pure Silver, and pure Oxygen are all ...........
- A.
Atoms
- B.
Elements
- C.
Compounds
- D.
Molecules
Correct Answer
B. ElementsExplanation
The correct answer is "Elements." Pure Gold, Pure Silver, and pure Oxygen are all examples of elements. Elements are substances made up of only one type of atom, and they cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means. In this case, Gold, Silver, and Oxygen exist in their pure form, meaning they are composed solely of atoms of their respective elements.Rate this question:
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- 21.
A very small particle of matter is called an .........
- A.
Atom
- B.
Elements
- C.
Compounds
- D.
Molecule
Correct Answer
A. AtomExplanation
An atom is the smallest unit of matter that retains the properties of an element. It consists of a nucleus, which contains positively charged protons and uncharged neutrons, surrounded by negatively charged electrons. Atoms combine to form molecules, compounds, and elements. Therefore, an atom is the correct answer as it refers to a very small particle of matter.Rate this question:
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- 22.
Anything that has weight and takes up space is called. ..........
- A.
Atoms
- B.
Compounds
- C.
Matter
- D.
Noodles
Correct Answer
C. MatterExplanation
Matter refers to anything that has weight and takes up space. Atoms and compounds are types of matter, while noodles are not. Therefore, the correct answer is matter.Rate this question:
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- 23.
Atoms can obtain full other shell by...
- A.
Getting rid of a proton
- B.
Loosing a neutron
- C.
Losing or gaining electrons
Correct Answer
C. Losing or gaining electronsExplanation
Atoms can obtain a full outer shell by either losing or gaining electrons. This process is known as ionization. When an atom loses electrons, it becomes positively charged because it now has more protons than electrons. Conversely, when an atom gains electrons, it becomes negatively charged because it now has more electrons than protons. By either losing or gaining electrons, atoms are able to achieve a stable electron configuration and a full outer shell, which increases their stability and chemical reactivity.Rate this question:
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