Kantian Ethics And Engineering Ethics Quiz

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  • 1/85 Questions

    "Normalizing deviance" is a good example of the moral impediment of 

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About This Quiz

The quiz below has questions on Kantian ethics and engineering ethics. Every line of work has a code of ethics that people are expected to follow, and the quiz below is perfect to see how the knowledge you are when it comes to what is right or wrong. Do give it a try and see how engineering ethics are similar to the Kantian one. All the best this year!

Kantian Ethics And Engineering Ethics Quiz - Quiz

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  • 2. 

    The likeliness that a negative event will actually occur is called ------- risk

    Explanation
    Objective risk refers to the likelihood of a negative event actually occurring. It is a measurable and quantifiable concept that is based on objective data and analysis. In contrast, subjective risk is based on an individual's perception or opinion of risk. Therefore, the correct answer is "objective" because it accurately describes the likeliness of a negative event happening.

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  • 3. 

    Someone who subscribes to the precautionary principle believes that safety and the avoidance of risk often outweigh the potential benefits that taking a risk may offer.

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    The explanation for the given correct answer is that someone who subscribes to the precautionary principle prioritizes safety and avoiding risks over the potential benefits that taking a risk may offer. This means that they are more inclined to be cautious and take measures to prevent harm, even if it means sacrificing potential advantages. This approach is based on the belief that it is better to err on the side of caution to protect individuals and the environment from potential harm.

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  • 4. 

    Although a human life has no precise monetary value, even a precautionary analysis would consider it irrational to spend enormous sums of money preventing a statistical death.

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    The statement suggests that it is not rational to spend excessive amounts of money to prevent a statistical death, as human life cannot be assigned a precise monetary value. This implies that there is a limit to the resources that should be allocated for preventing death, considering the cost-effectiveness of the measures taken. Therefore, the statement is true as it highlights the need for a balanced approach when making decisions regarding the allocation of resources for preventing deaths.

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  • 5. 

    Classic hedonistic act utilitarianism holds that only happiness is good for its own sake and that acts are right insofar as no alternative act could bring about more of this good.

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    The explanation for the given correct answer is that classic hedonistic act utilitarianism states that happiness is the only intrinsic good and that actions are considered right if they maximize happiness. This means that according to this ethical theory, the ultimate goal is to maximize happiness and minimize suffering, making happiness the only thing that is good for its own sake. Therefore, the statement that classic hedonistic act utilitarianism holds that only happiness is good for its own sake and that acts are right insofar as no alternative act could bring about more happiness is true.

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  • 6. 

    Subjective risk depends upon what one perceives about a technology or situation.

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    Subjective risk refers to the perception of risk that an individual has towards a particular technology or situation. It is based on personal beliefs, experiences, and emotions rather than objective facts. Therefore, subjective risk can vary from person to person as each individual may perceive and interpret risk differently. Hence, the statement that subjective risk depends upon what one perceives about a technology or situation is true.

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  • 7. 

    A good will is motivated by duty alone, not self-interest, moods, or appetites.

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    The statement suggests that a good will is solely driven by a sense of duty and is not influenced by self-interest, moods, or appetites. In other words, a person with a good will does what is morally right simply because it is their duty, rather than being swayed by personal gain, emotions, or desires. This implies that acting out of a sense of duty is the highest moral principle, making the answer "True."

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  • 8. 

    According to Kantian ethics, an act has moral value when the will is perfectly aligned with duty.

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    According to Kantian ethics, the moral value of an act is determined by the alignment of one's will with duty. In other words, if an individual's will is perfectly in line with their moral obligations and responsibilities, then the act is considered to have moral value. This perspective emphasizes the importance of acting out of a sense of duty rather than personal desires or consequences. Therefore, the given answer, "True," is correct as it accurately reflects the Kantian ethical principle.

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  • 9. 

    Kantian ethics (understood as respect for persons) and utilitarianism can explain most of common morality, i.e., the system by which most people determine right from wrong, but they each have certain defects that keep them from giving complete accounts of common morality. Which of the following is one of these defects?

    • Kantianism cannot account for the aspirational aspect of common morality, which advocates promoting well-being and the benefit of others

    • Utilitarianism cannot account for the importance that happiness and well-being plays in common morality, because of it's focus on consequences

    • Kantianism cannot account for the importance of equal treatment in common morality, because of its emphasis on duty

    • None of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. Kantianism cannot account for the aspirational aspect of common morality, which advocates promoting well-being and the benefit of others
    Explanation
    Kantianism focuses on the concept of duty and respect for persons, rather than promoting well-being and the benefit of others. This means that Kantian ethics may not fully account for the aspirational aspect of common morality, which emphasizes the importance of actively promoting the well-being and benefit of others. While Kantian ethics provides a strong framework for moral decision-making, it may fall short in addressing the aspirational goals that many people have in promoting the overall welfare of others.

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  • 10. 

    The fact that 'groupthink' can influence self-deception is an example of the inter-relatedness of impediments to moral responsibility.

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    The statement suggests that "groupthink" can lead to self-deception, which in turn can hinder moral responsibility. Groupthink refers to the tendency of a group to conform to a particular way of thinking or making decisions, often at the expense of critical thinking or individual accountability. When individuals are influenced by groupthink, they may deceive themselves into believing that their actions are morally justified, even if they go against their own values or ethical standards. This interconnectedness between groupthink, self-deception, and moral responsibility highlights how one factor can contribute to or exacerbate another.

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  • 11. 

    The principle of maximizing expected value holds that we must always be willing to accept a risk if the benefits of doing so are large enough

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    The principle of maximizing expected value suggests that it is rational to take risks as long as the potential benefits outweigh the potential costs. This means that if the potential gains from accepting a risk are significant, it is advisable to proceed. By considering the expected value, which takes into account the probability of different outcomes, individuals can make informed decisions that optimize their overall benefit. Therefore, the statement "The principle of maximizing expected value holds that we must always be willing to accept a risk if the benefits of doing so are large enough" is true.

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  • 12. 

    Which of the following is true of Immanuel Kant's theory of duty ethics?

    • The responsibilities of duty are inscribed on all rational beings, by nature of their rationality

    • Duties are established at a communal level, allowing for variation across cultures

    • Duties are primarily derived from lessons learned in experience

    • None of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. The responsibilities of duty are inscribed on all rational beings, by nature of their rationality
    Explanation
    Immanuel Kant's theory of duty ethics posits that the responsibilities of duty are inscribed on all rational beings, by nature of their rationality. This means that individuals have a moral obligation to act in accordance with their duty, which is derived from reason and rationality. Kant believed that moral duties are universal and apply to all rational beings, regardless of cultural or personal differences. Therefore, the correct answer is that the responsibilities of duty are inscribed on all rational beings, by nature of their rationality.

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  • 13. 

    'Groupthink' was one of the impediments that affected the decision-makers involved in the Columbia disaster.

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    Groupthink refers to a phenomenon where a group of people makes decisions that prioritize conformity and consensus over critical thinking and individual opinions. In the case of the Columbia disaster, the decision-makers involved were affected by groupthink, which means they may have failed to consider alternative perspectives or identify potential risks and flaws in their decision-making process. This ultimately contributed to the tragedy.

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  • 14. 

    What is the essential difference between a priori and a posteriori knowledge?

    • The former is gained independent of experience, while the latter is dependent on experience

    • The former involves the mathematical data, while the content of the latter is moral

    • The former is made as a prediction, while the latter is made after the fact

    • The former cannot be verified, while the latter is easily verifiable

    Correct Answer
    A. The former is gained independent of experience, while the latter is dependent on experience
    Explanation
    The essential difference between a priori and a posteriori knowledge is that the former is gained independent of experience, while the latter is dependent on experience. A priori knowledge is based on reasoning and logic, and it can be known to be true without empirical evidence. On the other hand, a posteriori knowledge is acquired through observation and experience, and it relies on empirical evidence to be considered true.

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  • 15. 

    One principle concern of environmental ethics is the effect of our actions on future generations

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    Environmental ethics is a branch of philosophy that focuses on understanding the moral obligations and responsibilities that humans have towards the environment. One of the key concerns of environmental ethics is the impact of our actions on future generations. This means that our decisions and behaviors today can have long-lasting consequences for the well-being and quality of life of future generations. By recognizing and addressing this concern, we can strive to make choices that are sustainable and considerate of the needs and rights of future generations. Therefore, the statement "One principle concern of environmental ethics is the effect of our actions on future generations" is true.

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  • 16. 

    According to the utilitarian calculus, the consequences that an action poses to future generations can outweigh those facing individuals in the present time

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    According to the utilitarian calculus, the moral value of an action is determined by its overall consequences. In this context, it suggests that the consequences an action has on future generations can be more significant than those faced by individuals in the present time. This implies that the long-term impact on future generations should be considered when making ethical decisions, even if it means sacrificing immediate benefits. Therefore, the statement "True" indicates that the utilitarian calculus prioritizes the well-being of future generations over present individuals.

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  • 17. 

    The will cannot be trained to overcome one's inclinations, such as envy or greed.

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. False
    Explanation
    The statement suggests that the will can be trained to overcome one's inclinations, such as envy or greed. This implies that individuals have the ability to consciously control and change their inclinations through willpower and training. However, this contradicts the understanding that inclinations are deeply ingrained and difficult to overcome solely through willpower. Therefore, the correct answer is False.

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  • 18. 

    A maxim is a universal principle that governs action

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. False
    Explanation
    A maxim is not a universal principle that governs action. A maxim is a concise expression of a general truth or rule of conduct, often in the form of a proverb or saying. It is not a governing principle but rather a statement of wisdom or advice. Therefore, the correct answer is False.

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  • 19. 

    In the line-drawing technique...

    • The features selected should describe the negative paradigm and not the positive paradigm

    • The features selected should describe the test case as closely as possible

    • The features selected should help to determine whether the test case resembles the positive or negative paradigm more closely

    • The features selected should be irrelevant to the paradigms

    Correct Answer
    A. The features selected should help to determine whether the test case resembles the positive or negative paradigm more closely
    Explanation
    The correct answer is "The features selected should help to determine whether the test case resembles the positive or negative paradigm more closely." In line-drawing technique, the goal is to select features that can help determine whether the test case aligns more with the positive paradigm (expected behavior) or the negative paradigm (unexpected behavior). By selecting features that can differentiate between these two paradigms, the technique can effectively identify and classify test cases.

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  • 20. 

    Which of the following is the best characterization of a proper engineering decision?

    • A decision that may affect the health, safety or well-being of others

    • A decision that may only be taken by licensed engineers

    • A decision that may affect the health, safety or well-being of others, or involves technical matters that require engineering expertise

    • A decision for which engineers can be held responsible according to the NSPE code even if the actual decision was taken by the engineer's manager

    Correct Answer
    A. A decision that may affect the health, safety or well-being of others, or involves technical matters that require engineering expertise
    Explanation
    A proper engineering decision is one that may have an impact on the health, safety, or well-being of others. Additionally, it may involve technical matters that require engineering expertise. This means that the decision should be made by someone with the necessary knowledge and skills in engineering to ensure that it is made in the best interest of all parties involved. It is important for engineers to take responsibility for such decisions, even if they were made under the guidance or direction of a manager.

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  • 21. 

    Dr. Harris's father's failure to consider the environmental impact of his engineering work is an example of...

    • Microscopic vision

    • Normalizing deviance

    • Self-interest

    • Moral apathy

    Correct Answer
    A. Microscopic vision
    Explanation
    The correct answer is microscopic vision. This refers to a narrow focus on immediate goals or tasks, without considering the broader impact or consequences. In this case, Dr. Harris's father failed to consider the environmental impact of his engineering work, indicating a lack of awareness or concern for the larger effects of his actions.

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  • 22. 

    What prompted the Texas state legislature to pass the Texas Engineering Practices Act?

    • A building collapse in San Antonio that was the result of the use of deficient materials

    • An explosion at a school that was caused by a gas leak killing nearly 300

    • A drilling rig explosion that occurred off the coast of Texas and threatened the lives of members of the public

    • A methane explosion that occurred in a coal mine and killed 169 workers

    Correct Answer
    A. An explosion at a school that was caused by a gas leak killing nearly 300
  • 23. 

    How might a utilitarian respond to a situation in which one is faced with a choice whether to tell a lie?

    • Utilitarianism is a form of relativism, so the permissibility of lying will depend on the ethics of the communicty

    • If the consequences of a lie are on the whole better than those of telling the truth, then lying is the right course of action

    • It is morally permissible to lie in order to save others from harm, but never for one's own benefit

    • Lying is immoral, and immoral acts produce bad consequences, so one should always tell the truth

    Correct Answer
    A. If the consequences of a lie are on the whole better than those of telling the truth, then lying is the right course of action
    Explanation
    A utilitarian would respond to a situation of whether to tell a lie by considering the consequences of their actions. If the overall outcome of telling a lie leads to better consequences than telling the truth, then a utilitarian would argue that lying is the right course of action. Utilitarianism focuses on maximizing overall happiness or well-being, so if lying in a particular situation leads to greater happiness or well-being for the majority of people involved, it would be morally permissible according to a utilitarian perspective.

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  • 24. 

    An act is morally right if it brings about more pleasure than a majority of alternative acts.

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. False
    Explanation
    This statement is not a correct explanation of moral rightness. The moral rightness of an act cannot solely be determined by the amount of pleasure it brings about. Other factors such as the intentions behind the act, the consequences for others, and the principles or values involved should also be considered. Therefore, this statement is false.

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  • 25. 

    A maxim can contradict the categorical imperative while at the same time be consistent with reason.

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. False
    Explanation
    This statement is false because a maxim cannot contradict the categorical imperative and still be consistent with reason. The categorical imperative, as proposed by Immanuel Kant, is a moral principle that states that actions should be universalizable and based on reason. If a maxim contradicts the categorical imperative, it means that the action is not universalizable and therefore not consistent with reason.

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  • 26. 

    Which of the following generated widespread concern about the risk of technology in the 1970s and 80s?

    • Commercial air travel

    • Nuclear power

    • The rise of the internet

    • Climate change

    Correct Answer
    A. Nuclear power
    Explanation
    During the 1970s and 80s, nuclear power generated widespread concern about the risk of technology. This was due to several high-profile incidents, such as the Three Mile Island accident in 1979 and the Chernobyl disaster in 1986. These incidents highlighted the potential dangers and catastrophic consequences of nuclear power, including radiation leaks and meltdowns. The fear of nuclear accidents and the long-term effects of radiation exposure led to public protests and debates about the safety and ethics of nuclear power, making it a significant concern during that time period.

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  • 27. 

    A potential solution to impediments to moral responsibility such as uncritical acceptance of authority is to foster a culture of responsible assent.

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. False
    Explanation
    The statement suggests that a potential solution to impediments to moral responsibility is to foster a culture of responsible assent. However, the correct answer is false because fostering a culture of responsible assent may not necessarily address the specific impediment of uncritical acceptance of authority. While responsible assent is important, it may not be the only solution or the most effective solution for addressing this particular impediment.

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  • 28. 

    Which of the following is true of many who choose self-interest over professional responsibility?

    • They often hold a weak conception of professionalism

    • They have a good reason for their failure to act ethically

    • They always have a long record of moral irresponsibility

    • They are never aware of professional codes of conduct

    Correct Answer
    A. They often hold a weak conception of professionalism
    Explanation
    Many who choose self-interest over professional responsibility often hold a weak conception of professionalism. This means that they may not fully understand or appreciate the importance of adhering to professional standards and ethics. They may prioritize their own personal gain or interests over the well-being of others or the integrity of their profession. This weak understanding of professionalism can lead to unethical behavior and a lack of accountability for their actions.

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  • 29. 

    Which of the following best explains the difference between uncertainty and risk?

    • A risk is an unwanted event that occurs with a known probability, whereas an uncertain event occurs with a probability that is unknown or undefined

    • There is no difference between risk and uncertainty

    • A risk is an unwanted event that occurs with a probability of at least 1%; an uncertain event occurs with a probability of less than 1%

    • An uncertain event occurs with a known probability, whereas a risk occurs with a probability that is unknown or undefined.

    Correct Answer
    A. A risk is an unwanted event that occurs with a known probability, whereas an uncertain event occurs with a probability that is unknown or undefined
    Explanation
    The correct answer explains the difference between uncertainty and risk by stating that risk is an unwanted event that occurs with a known probability, while uncertainty refers to an event that occurs with a probability that is unknown or undefined. This explanation highlights the distinction between the two concepts, emphasizing that risk involves a quantifiable probability, whereas uncertainty lacks a clear probability measure.

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  • 30. 

    "Normalization of deviance" means...

    • We become so accustomed to deviant behavior in a technological system that we decide to implement new rules that makes this behavior normal

    • We become so accustomed to deviant behavior in a technological system that we no longer consider it deviant, despite the fact that we have exceeded the applicable safety rules

    • We become so accustomed to deviant behavior in a technological system that we no longer consider it as deviant, and therefore revise the applicable safety rules to reflect the new practice

    • None of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. We become so accustomed to deviant behavior in a technological system that we no longer consider it deviant, despite the fact that we have exceeded the applicable safety rules
    Explanation
    "Normalization of deviance" refers to the situation where we become so accustomed to deviant behavior in a technological system that we no longer consider it deviant, even though it exceeds the applicable safety rules. This means that the behavior becomes accepted and normalized within the system, despite being unsafe or against established guidelines. It highlights the danger of gradually accepting and normalizing deviations from safe practices, which can lead to serious consequences.

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  • 31. 

    Although restricted, biocentrism is largely compatible with anthropocentrism.

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. False
    Explanation
    Biocentrism is a philosophical viewpoint that places equal value on all living organisms, considering them as intrinsically valuable. On the other hand, anthropocentrism is a viewpoint that prioritizes human beings and their interests above all other living beings. These two viewpoints are fundamentally different and incompatible. While biocentrism promotes the idea of equal consideration for all life forms, anthropocentrism focuses solely on human interests. Therefore, the statement that biocentrism is largely compatible with anthropocentrism is incorrect.

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  • 32. 

    The National Society for Professional Engineers (NSPE) does not conduct reviews of actual cases in order to determine whether certain behavior is consistent with their Code of Ethics

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. False
    Explanation
    The statement is false because the National Society for Professional Engineers (NSPE) does conduct reviews of actual cases to determine whether certain behavior is consistent with their Code of Ethics. This is an important aspect of maintaining professional standards and ensuring that engineers adhere to ethical guidelines in their practice.

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  • 33. 

    Which of the following is the best description of the difference between utilitarianism and consequentialism?

    • Consequentialists seek to maximize equality, whereas utilitarians seek to maximize the sum total of happiness

    • Consequentialism and utilitarianism are two different names of the same ethical theory

    • Consequentialism is a family of ethical theories that evaluate our actions solely according to their consequences. Utilitarianism is one of several examples of consequentialist theories

    • None of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. Consequentialism is a family of ethical theories that evaluate our actions solely according to their consequences. Utilitarianism is one of several examples of consequentialist theories
    Explanation
    Consequentialism is a broader category that includes various ethical theories that evaluate actions based on their consequences. Utilitarianism is a specific example of a consequentialist theory, which focuses on maximizing the overall happiness or well-being. Therefore, the correct answer explains that consequentialism encompasses multiple theories, while utilitarianism is just one specific type within that category.

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  • 34. 

    The Texas Engineering Practices Act states that "If engineers' judgement is overruled under circumstances that endanger life or property, they shall notify their employer or client and such other authority as may be appropriate." Which of the following best describes the instruction in the italicized clause?

    • Preventive and supererogatory

    • Preventive and obligatory

    • Prohibitive and permissible

    • Prohibitive and obligatory

    Correct Answer
    A. Preventive and obligatory
    Explanation
    The instruction in the italicized clause is described as preventive and obligatory. This means that engineers are required to notify their employer or client and any other appropriate authority if their judgment is overruled in a way that endangers life or property. This instruction is aimed at preventing potential harm and is mandatory for engineers to follow.

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  • 35. 

    "The paramountcy clause states that engineers shall hold paramount the health, safety and welfare of the public." The question of what is meant by the term "welfare" in this statement is...

    • A factual issue

    • A conceptual issue

    • An application issue

    • A moral issue

    Correct Answer
    A. A conceptual issue
    Explanation
    The term "welfare" in the statement is a conceptual issue because it refers to a broad and abstract concept that can have different interpretations. The interpretation of what constitutes welfare can vary depending on individual perspectives and cultural contexts. Therefore, understanding and defining the term "welfare" in the context of the paramountcy clause requires conceptual analysis and interpretation rather than a straightforward factual or application-based answer.

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  • 36. 

    Anthropocentrism could be considered an egalitarian position in environmental ethics

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. False
    Explanation
    Anthropocentrism is a viewpoint that places human beings at the center of importance and value, often prioritizing human needs and interests above those of the environment and other species. Egalitarianism, on the other hand, promotes equality and fairness among all individuals, regardless of their species. Therefore, anthropocentrism cannot be considered an egalitarian position in environmental ethics.

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  • 37. 

    The question of which beings deserve moral consideration is of minimal significance to environmental ethics

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. False
    Explanation
    The question of which beings deserve moral consideration is of significant importance to environmental ethics. Environmental ethics is concerned with the moral obligations and responsibilities humans have towards the environment and its inhabitants. Determining which beings deserve moral consideration is crucial in deciding how we should treat and interact with the natural world. It helps shape our attitudes towards animals, plants, ecosystems, and the environment as a whole. Therefore, the statement that the question of moral consideration is of minimal significance to environmental ethics is false.

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  • 38. 

    Kant believed that fundamental moral principles must be fluid to respond to the different situations people encounter.

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. False
    Explanation
    Kant believed that fundamental moral principles must be universal and unchanging, rather than fluid. According to Kant's deontological ethics, moral principles are based on reason and apply to all rational beings in all situations, regardless of the specific circumstances. Kant argued that moral actions should be guided by the categorical imperative, which is a principle that determines the moral worth of an action based on its conformity to a universal law. Therefore, Kant's belief contradicts the statement that fundamental moral principles should be fluid.

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  • 39. 

    The precautionary principle is the dominant way of approaching risk in the United States

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. False
    Explanation
    The explanation for the answer "False" is that the precautionary principle is not the dominant way of approaching risk in the United States. The United States tends to adopt a risk-based approach, where risks are assessed and managed based on scientific evidence and cost-benefit analysis. The precautionary principle, on the other hand, suggests taking precautionary measures even in the absence of conclusive scientific evidence. While the precautionary principle may be considered in some cases, it is not the prevailing approach in the United States.

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  • 40. 

    "Moral claims are made at a communal level and are only valid in that setting." This is an example of:

    • Cultural nihilism

    • Ethical subjectivism

    • Cultural relativism

    • Cultural realism

    Correct Answer
    A. Cultural relativism
    Explanation
    Cultural relativism is the belief that moral claims are only valid within a specific cultural context. It suggests that there are no universal moral truths and that what is considered morally right or wrong varies from culture to culture. This aligns with the given statement that moral claims are made at a communal level and are only valid in that setting. Cultural relativism acknowledges the diversity of moral values and practices across different societies.

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  • 41. 

    On what point to act utilitarians disagree with rule utilitarians?

    • Rule utilitarians believe it is impossible to judge acts on an individual basis

    • Act utilitarians believe the features of an act relevant to moral analysis are nothing other than the consequences of that particular act alone

    • Act utilitarians believe it is too difficult to develop rules that will satisfy everyone

    • Act utilitarians do not believe following rules can lead to good consequences

    Correct Answer
    A. Act utilitarians believe the features of an act relevant to moral analysis are nothing other than the consequences of that particular act alone
    Explanation
    Act utilitarians believe that the features of an act relevant to moral analysis are nothing other than the consequences of that particular act alone. This means that act utilitarians focus solely on the outcomes or consequences of individual actions when determining their morality. They do not consider any other factors, such as rules or principles, in their moral analysis. This is in contrast to rule utilitarians who believe that moral judgments should be based on following certain rules or principles that maximize overall utility or happiness.

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  • 42. 

    While direct consequences fall within the scope of utilitarian analysis, indirect consequences are not considered sufficiently relevant.

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. False
    Explanation
    Indirect consequences are considered sufficiently relevant within the scope of utilitarian analysis.

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  • 43. 

    What kind of organizational culture did investigations of NASA after the Columbia disaster discover?

    • No such investigations were made because of political concerns

    • NASA had an established program through which engineers and other employees could register dissent to policies with which they disagree

    • The culture was one in which the organization could be considered at least part of the "cause" of the accident

    • It was one in which a "culture of dissent" was firmly established

    Correct Answer
    A. The culture was one in which the organization could be considered at least part of the "cause" of the accident
    Explanation
    The investigations of NASA after the Columbia disaster discovered that the organizational culture could be considered at least part of the "cause" of the accident. This suggests that there were systemic issues within the organization that contributed to the disaster.

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  • 44. 

    In regard to an engineer's responsibility to protect the public welfare, which of the following statements are accurate?

    • The NSPE code of ethics is perhaps more emphatic than the TBPE rules in describing this responsibility as "paramount"

    • The TBPE rules do not mention public health, only public safety

    • The NSPE code does not address the engineer's responsibility to the profession

    • The TBPE rules address the engineer's responsibility to the environment by introducing the terminology of 'sustainable development'

    • All of the above are true

    Correct Answer
    A. The NSPE code of ethics is perhaps more emphatic than the TBPE rules in describing this responsibility as "paramount"
    Explanation
    The NSPE code of ethics places a greater emphasis on an engineer's responsibility to protect the public welfare as "paramount" compared to the TBPE rules. The TBPE rules do not specifically mention public health, only public safety. The NSPE code does not address the engineer's responsibility to the profession. Additionally, the TBPE rules introduce the concept of 'sustainable development' as part of an engineer's responsibility to the environment. Therefore, all of the statements mentioned in the question are accurate.

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  • 45. 

    How would an act utilitarian assess the morality of an engineer who accepts a bribe from a subcontractor?

    • By asking whether an individual engineer's utility would be maximized if he or she accepted the bribe

    • By asking whether utility would be maximized if engineers generally accepted bribes

    • By asking what the total consequences of that act would be for everyone concerned

    • By asking whether a rational and impartial person would conclude that utility is maximized for himself if engineers in general accepted bribes

    Correct Answer
    A. By asking what the total consequences of that act would be for everyone concerned
    Explanation
    An act utilitarian would assess the morality of an engineer accepting a bribe by considering the total consequences of that act for everyone involved. This means evaluating the potential positive and negative outcomes for all parties affected by the engineer's decision, including the subcontractor, other engineers, and society as a whole. By taking into account the overall consequences, an act utilitarian would determine whether accepting the bribe would lead to the greatest overall utility or happiness for the greatest number of people.

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  • 46. 

    In what way was Robert Lund's behavior leading up to the loss of Challenger similar to that of the "teachers" in Milgrim's experiment?

    • They were overly deferential to authority

    • They were not thinking like managers

    • They should not bear full responsibility for the harm they caused

    • They knew what they were doing was wrong at the time

    Correct Answer
    A. They were overly deferential to authority
    Explanation
    Robert Lund's behavior leading up to the loss of Challenger was similar to that of the "teachers" in Milgrim's experiment because they were overly deferential to authority. This means that both Lund and the "teachers" showed a strong willingness to comply with the instructions and demands of those in positions of authority, even if it went against their own judgment or moral compass. This deference to authority resulted in detrimental consequences in both cases.

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  • 47. 

    Which of the following is true of utilitarianism?

    • Whether an act is permissible depends on the consequences it brings about

    • Although focused on wellbeing, utilitarianism does not consider pleasure morally valuable

    • As a theory, utilitarianism is generally confined to engineering

    • There is no moral obligation to future generations

    Correct Answer
    A. Whether an act is permissible depends on the consequences it brings about
    Explanation
    Utilitarianism is an ethical theory that states that the morality of an action is determined by its consequences. This means that whether an act is permissible or not depends on the outcomes or consequences it brings about. Utilitarianism focuses on maximizing overall happiness or well-being for the greatest number of people, rather than solely considering pleasure as morally valuable. It is not confined to engineering but is a broader ethical theory applicable to various aspects of life. Additionally, utilitarianism recognizes the moral obligation to future generations, as the consequences of our actions can impact future well-being.

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  • 48. 

    Another word for duty ethics is...

    • Emotivism

    • Virtue ethics

    • Deontology

    • Moral relativism

    Correct Answer
    A. Deontology
    Explanation
    Deontology is another word for duty ethics. It is an ethical theory that focuses on the inherent rightness or wrongness of actions, rather than the consequences or outcomes. According to deontology, individuals have a moral duty to follow certain rules or principles, regardless of the consequences. This approach emphasizes the importance of fulfilling one's obligations and adhering to moral duties, rather than considering personal emotions or virtues. Therefore, deontology is a synonym for duty ethics.

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  • 49. 

    An unlicensed engineer who works for a licensed engineer can perform which of the following tasks under the supervision of that licensed engineer?

    • Design of engineered products or projects

    • Supervision of construction of engineered public works projects

    • Responsible charge of teams of unlicensed engineers working on engineering projects

    • A and C

    • None of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. Design of engineered products or projects
    Explanation
    An unlicensed engineer who works for a licensed engineer can perform the task of designing engineered products or projects under the supervision of the licensed engineer. This means that the unlicensed engineer can assist in the design process, but must be supervised by the licensed engineer who takes ultimate responsibility for the design. This allows the unlicensed engineer to gain experience and contribute to the design process while still being under the guidance and oversight of a licensed professional.

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Quiz Review Timeline (Updated): Dec 7, 2023 +

Our quizzes are rigorously reviewed, monitored and continuously updated by our expert board to maintain accuracy, relevance, and timeliness.

  • Current Version
  • Dec 07, 2023
    Quiz Edited by
    ProProfs Editorial Team
  • Dec 10, 2014
    Quiz Created by
    Brand820
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