Origin Of Life Post-Assessment (Grade 8)

2.

Rate, on a scale of 1 – 4, 1 being the lowest and 4 being the highest, how much do you know about the origin of life on Earth?

3.

Rate, on a scale of 1 – 4, 1 being the lowest and 4 being the highest, how interested you are in the origin of life on Earth?

Explanation
This question asks the respondent to rate their level of interest in the origin of life on Earth on a scale of 1 to 4. The answer options provided are 1, 2, 3, and 4, which cover the entire range of the scale. The respondent can choose any number based on their level of interest, with 1 indicating the lowest interest and 4 indicating the highest interest.

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4.

The theory of states that only living organisms can produce other living organisms (Standards 3.1 a, 4.1a).

Explanation
The theory of biogenesis states that only living organisms can produce other living organisms. This theory is supported by scientific evidence and observations, and it contradicts the earlier belief of spontaneous generation, which proposed that living organisms could arise spontaneously from non-living matter. The term "biogenesis" refers to the process of life arising from pre-existing living matter, and it is spelled with a lowercase "b". It is important to note that the correct answer includes variations in capitalization, as long as the term "biogenesis" is spelled correctly.

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5.

Which of the following is the best argument that RNA may have preceded DNA (Standard 3.1j)?

RNA is made of ribose and DNA is made of deoxyribose.
Enzymes are used during DNA replication.
Hydrogen cyanide can react with itself to eventually form adenine.
DNA is made up of nucleotides.
All DNA-based life forms contain RNA

Correct Answer

A. All DNA-based life forms contain RNA

Explanation

RNA being present in all DNA-based life forms suggests that RNA may have preceded DNA. This is because if all DNA-based life forms contain RNA, it implies that RNA was already present before the emergence of DNA. This argument supports the idea that RNA was the first genetic material and DNA evolved later.

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6.

Carbon-14 has a half-life of 5,730 years. What is the age of a fossil that has 1/8 of the original sample of Carbon-14 remaining (Standard 3.1a)?

5,730 Years Old
11,460 Years Old
17,190 Years Old
716.25 Years Old
5.7 Million Years Old

Correct Answer

A. 17,190 Years Old

Explanation

The age of a fossil can be determined by the amount of Carbon-14 remaining in the sample. Since Carbon-14 has a half-life of 5,730 years, it means that after 5,730 years, half of the original Carbon-14 would have decayed. In this case, the fossil has 1/8 of the original Carbon-14 remaining, which means that it has gone through three half-lives (1/2 * 1/2 * 1/2 = 1/8). Therefore, the age of the fossil would be 5,730 years x 3 = 17,190 years old.

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7.

Banded iron formations are important evidence for which idea in the early evolution of life (Standard 3.1j)?

Chemotrophic autotrophs
Endosymbiotic organelles
Photosynthetic autotrophs
Heterotrophic prokaryotes
Heterotrophic eukaryotes

Correct Answer

A. Photosynthetic autotrophs

Explanation

Banded iron formations are important evidence for the idea of photosynthetic autotrophs in the early evolution of life. Banded iron formations are sedimentary rocks that were formed billions of years ago when the Earth's atmosphere had very little oxygen. The presence of iron-rich bands in these formations suggests that photosynthetic autotrophs, such as cyanobacteria, were actively producing oxygen through photosynthesis. This oxygen eventually accumulated in the atmosphere, leading to the development of aerobic organisms and the oxygenation of Earth's oceans.

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8.

According to Dr. Niles Eldridge, what is unique about the “sixth extinction” (Standard 3.1j)?

The Sixth Extinction seems to be the first recorded global extinction event that is an abiotic cause.
The Sixth Extinction seems to be the first recorded global extinction event that is a biotic cause.
The Sixth Extinction is caused by global climate change
The Sixth Extinction seems to be the first recorded global extinction caused by meteor impact.
The Sixth Extinction seems to be the first recorded global extinction event that is not caused by humans.

Correct Answer

A. The Sixth Extinction seems to be the first recorded global extinction event that is a biotic cause.

Explanation

The correct answer is that the Sixth Extinction seems to be the first recorded global extinction event that is a biotic cause. This means that the extinction is being caused by living organisms, such as the spread of diseases or the introduction of invasive species, rather than by non-living factors like climate change or meteor impacts. This distinction is important because it suggests that human activities and the impact of human-induced changes in the environment are not the primary drivers of this extinction event.

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9.

The Miller-Urey experiment in which water, gases, heat and electricity formed amino acids demonstrates the following (Standard 3.1j):

It is possible for organic molecules to form from inorganic molecules
It was proven that spontaneous generation is possible
It supported the theory of biogenesis
It demonstrated that RNA was the first genetic coding system in early Earth
It is possible for inorganic molecules to form from organic molecules

Correct Answer

A. It is possible for organic molecules to form from inorganic molecules

Explanation

The Miller-Urey experiment demonstrated that it is possible for organic molecules to form from inorganic molecules. This experiment simulated the conditions of early Earth and showed that simple organic compounds, such as amino acids, could be produced from inorganic substances like water, gases, heat, and electricity. This finding supports the idea that the building blocks of life can arise from non-living matter through natural processes.

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0

10.

Identify two differences between prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells (Standard 1.3 a):

11.

List the three eras of the Phanerozoic eon in chronological order (Standards 3.1a, 3.1j).

12.

Origin Of Life Post-assessment (Grade 8)

During the Paleozoic Era, the (two words) was a rapid diversification of most marine animal groups in the space of just a few million years (Standards 3.1a, 3.1j).

Quiz Preview

Rate, on a scale of 1 – 4, 1 being the lowest and 4 being the highest, how much do you know about the origin of life on Earth?

Rate, on a scale of 1 – 4, 1 being the lowest and 4 being the highest, how interested you are in the origin of life on Earth?

The theory of states that only living organisms can produce other living organisms (Standards 3.1 a, 4.1a).

Which of the following is the best argument that RNA may have preceded DNA (Standard 3.1j)?

Carbon-14 has a half-life of 5,730 years. What is the age of a fossil that has 1/8 of the original sample of Carbon-14 remaining (Standard 3.1a)?

Banded iron formations are important evidence for which idea in the early evolution of life (Standard 3.1j)?

According to Dr. Niles Eldridge, what is unique about the “sixth extinction” (Standard 3.1j)?

The Miller-Urey experiment in which water, gases, heat and electricity formed amino acids demonstrates the following (Standard 3.1j):

Identify two differences between prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells (Standard 1.3 a):

List the three eras of the Phanerozoic eon in chronological order (Standards 3.1a, 3.1j).

What evidence do scientists have that the theory of endosymbiosis is correct? Give at least 2 examples (Standards 1.3 a, 3.1a, 3.1j).