Oral Care In The ICU Quiz

1.

What is the second most frequent hospital-associated infection?
- A.
  
  Urinary tract infection
- B.
  
  Ventilator-associated pneumonia
- C.
  
  Staphylococcal wound infection
- D.
  
  Clostridium difficile gastroenteral infection
Correct Answer
B. Ventilator-associated pneumonia

Explanation
Ventilator-associated pneumonia is the second most frequent hospital-associated infection. Hospitalized patients who require mechanical ventilation are at a higher risk of developing pneumonia due to the invasive nature of the procedure and the introduction of bacteria into the lungs. This infection can lead to serious complications and increased mortality rates among patients. Therefore, it is crucial for healthcare providers to take preventive measures and closely monitor patients on ventilators to reduce the risk of ventilator-associated pneumonia.

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2.

What is the nurses role in prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP)?
- A.
  
  Being knowledgable about evidenced based practices
- B.
  
  Adherence to VAP prevention hospital protocols
- C.
  
  Compliance to hospital infection control and hand washing guidelines
- D.
  
  All of the above
Correct Answer
D. All of the above

Explanation
The nurse's role in the prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) includes being knowledgeable about evidence-based practices, adhering to VAP prevention hospital protocols, and complying with hospital infection control and hand washing guidelines. By having knowledge about evidence-based practices, the nurse can implement strategies that have been proven effective in preventing VAP. Adhering to VAP prevention protocols ensures that the nurse follows the recommended guidelines and procedures specifically designed to prevent VAP. Compliance with hospital infection control and hand washing guidelines helps to minimize the spread of infectious agents, reducing the risk of VAP. Therefore, all of the above actions are important in the nurse's role in preventing VAP.

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3.

Which of the following anatomic areas is the primary route for ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP)?
- A.
  
  Oropharynx
- B.
  
  Nasopharynx
- C.
  
  Epiglottis
- D.
  
  Inferior to the vocal cords
Correct Answer
A. Oropharynx

Explanation
The oropharynx is the primary route for ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) because it is the area where the endotracheal tube is inserted during mechanical ventilation. This area is more susceptible to colonization by bacteria, which can then lead to the development of pneumonia. The nasopharynx and epiglottis are also involved in the respiratory system, but they are not the primary route for VAP. The area inferior to the vocal cords is the lower respiratory tract and is not typically associated with VAP.

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4.

An endotracheal tube compromises defense of the lung against infection. Which of the following are mechanisms for the compromise?
- A.
  
  Provides a direct conduit for microorganisms
- B.
  
  Impairs cough
- C.
  
  Impairs mucociliary clearance
- D.
  
  All of the above
Correct Answer
D. All of the above

Explanation
The endotracheal tube compromises the lung's defense against infection through several mechanisms. Firstly, it provides a direct conduit for microorganisms to enter the lungs, increasing the risk of infection. Additionally, the tube impairs the ability to cough effectively, which is an important mechanism for clearing the airways of potential pathogens. Lastly, it impairs the function of the mucociliary clearance system, which helps to remove mucus and trapped microorganisms from the respiratory tract. Therefore, all of the above mechanisms contribute to the compromise of lung defense against infection.

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5.

Risk factors for ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) include all of the following, EXCEPT:
- A.
  
  Suctioning by the open suctioning technique
- B.
  
  Dialysis treatment in a clinic
- C.
  
  Recent hospitalization (with the last 90 days)
- D.
  
  Prolonged mechanical ventilation of 5 days or more
Correct Answer
B. Dialysis treatment in a clinic

Explanation
Dialysis treatment in a clinic is a risk factor that is not directly associated with ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). VAP risk factors are closely related to mechanical ventilation, hospital environment, and procedures that directly affect the respiratory tract.

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6.

The following are signs and symptoms of VAP except:
- A.
  
  Fever
- B.
  
  Leukocyte count
- C.
  
  Accessory muscle usage
- D.
  
  Purulence of secretions
Correct Answer
C. Accessory muscle usage

Explanation
Accessory muscle usage is not a sign or symptom of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). VAP is an infection that occurs in individuals who are on mechanical ventilation. The common signs and symptoms of VAP include fever, leukocyte count (an increase in white blood cells), and purulence of secretions (presence of pus in the respiratory secretions). Accessory muscle usage, on the other hand, refers to the use of additional muscles in the neck, shoulders, and chest to assist with breathing when the primary respiratory muscles are weakened or fatigued. This is not directly related to VAP.

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7.

All of the following are effective measures for preventing ventilator associated pneumonia, EXCEPT:
- A.
  
  Increased clinical staffing
- B.
  
  Swabbing patients' mouths with clorhexidine
- C.
  
  Soap and water hand-washing between all patients
- D.
  
  Frequent suctioning
Correct Answer
A. Increased clinical staffing

Explanation
Increased clinical staffing is not an effective measure for preventing ventilator-associated pneumonia. While having more staff may improve patient care, it does not directly address the specific risk factors associated with ventilator-associated pneumonia. Swabbing patients' mouths with clorhexidine, soap and water hand-washing between all patients, and frequent suctioning are all effective measures for preventing ventilator-associated pneumonia as they help reduce the risk of bacterial colonization and infection.

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8.

Components of VAP care bundle include all of the following except:
- A.
  
  Elevation of the head of the bed (30-45 degrees)
- B.
  
  Regular Oral care
- C.
  
  Practicing good hand hygene
- D.
  
  Making sure patient movement is limited while on the ventilator
Correct Answer
D. Making sure patient movement is limited while on the ventilator

Explanation
The components of VAP care bundle are strategies to prevent ventilator-associated pneumonia. These include elevation of the head of the bed (30-45 degrees) to reduce aspiration, regular oral care to prevent colonization of bacteria, and practicing good hand hygiene to prevent the spread of infection. However, limiting patient movement while on the ventilator is not a component of VAP care bundle. This is because movement is important for patient comfort and prevention of complications such as pressure ulcers and muscle weakness.

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9.

VAP can increase the cost for one patient stay by:
- A.
  
  $400
- B.
  
  $4000
- C.
  
  $40,000
- D.
  
  $400,000
Correct Answer
C. $40,000

Explanation
VAP stands for Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia, which is a type of lung infection that can occur in patients who are on ventilators. This infection can prolong the patient's hospital stay and require additional treatment, leading to increased costs. The answer of $40,000 suggests that the cost for one patient stay can increase significantly due to the complications and treatment associated with VAP.

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10.

VAP (ventilator associated pnemonia) is defined as pneumonia that develops in an intubated patient after _______hours or more of mechanical ventilation support.
- A.
  
  12
- B.
  
  24
- C.
  
  36
- D.
  
  48
Correct Answer
D. 48

Explanation
VAP (ventilator associated pneumonia) is a type of pneumonia that occurs in patients who have been intubated and on mechanical ventilation for a certain period of time. The correct answer is 48 hours, meaning that if a patient has been on mechanical ventilation for 48 hours or more, they are at risk of developing VAP. This is an important consideration in the management of intubated patients, as VAP can lead to further complications and prolong the patient's hospital stay.

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Oral care In The ICU Quiz

What is the second most frequent hospital-associated infection?

What is the nurses role in prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP)?

Which of the following anatomic areas is the primary route for ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP)?

An endotracheal tube compromises defense of the lung against infection. Which of the following are mechanisms for the compromise?

Risk factors for ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) include all of the following, EXCEPT:

The following are signs and symptoms of VAP except:

All of the following are effective measures for preventing ventilator associated pneumonia, EXCEPT:

Components of VAP care bundle include all of the following except:

VAP can increase the cost for one patient stay by:

VAP (ventilator associated pnemonia) is defined as pneumonia that develops in an intubated patient after _______hours or more of mechanical ventilation support.