Hardest Ophthalmology Exam: Quiz!
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Questions and Answers
- 1.
Distichiasis is:
- A.
Misdirected eyelashes
- B.
Accessory layer of eyelashes
- C.
Downward drooping of upper lid
- D.
Outward protrusion of lower lid
Correct Answer
B. Accessory layer of eyelashesExplanation
Distichiasis is a condition where there is an accessory layer of eyelashes. This means that there are extra lashes growing along the eyelid, in addition to the normal lashes. These extra lashes can cause irritation and discomfort to the eye, as they may rub against the cornea. Treatment options for distichiasis include plucking or removing the extra lashes, or in some cases, using laser therapy to destroy the hair follicles.Rate this question:
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- 2.
Band shaped keratopathy is commonly caused by deposition of:
- A.
Magnesium salt
- B.
Calcium salt
- C.
Ferrous salt
- D.
Copper salt
Correct Answer
B. Calcium saltExplanation
Band shaped keratopathy is commonly caused by the deposition of calcium salt. This condition occurs when calcium salts accumulate in the cornea, forming a band-like opacity. This deposition can be a result of various underlying conditions such as chronic inflammation, ocular surface diseases, or systemic disorders. The calcium salts can be derived from tears, tear film components, or even systemic circulation. The deposition of calcium salts in the cornea can lead to visual disturbances and may require treatment depending on the severity of the condition.Rate this question:
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- 3.
Irrespective of the etiology of a corneal ulcer, the drug always indicated is:
- A.
Corticosteroids
- B.
Cycloplegics
- C.
Antibiotics
- D.
Antifungals
Correct Answer
B. CycloplegicsExplanation
Cycloplegics are always indicated for corneal ulcers, regardless of the underlying cause. Cycloplegics help to relieve pain and reduce inflammation by paralyzing the ciliary muscle and temporarily preventing accommodation. This allows the eye to rest and heal more effectively. Corticosteroids may be used in some cases to reduce inflammation, but they can also delay healing and increase the risk of complications. Antibiotics and antifungals are used specifically for bacterial and fungal infections, respectively, but they may not be necessary for all corneal ulcers.Rate this question:
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- 4.
Dense scar of cornea with incarceration of iris is known as:
- A.
Leucoma adherence
- B.
Dense leucoma
- C.
Ciliary staphyloma
- D.
Iris bombe
Correct Answer
A. Leucoma adherenceExplanation
Leucoma adherence refers to a dense scar of the cornea with incarceration of the iris. This condition occurs when the cornea becomes opaque and the iris gets trapped within the scar tissue. It can result from various causes, such as trauma, infection, or inflammation. The term "adherence" indicates the attachment of the iris to the scarred cornea.Rate this question:
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- 5.
The treatment of photo-ophthalmia is:
- A.
Atropine
- B.
Steroids
- C.
Dark glasses
- D.
Patching and reassurance
Correct Answer
D. Patching and reassuranceExplanation
The treatment of photo-ophthalmia involves patching the affected eye and providing reassurance to the patient. Patching helps to protect the eye from further damage and allows it to rest and heal. Reassurance is important in alleviating any anxiety or discomfort the patient may be experiencing. Atropine and steroids are not mentioned as treatment options for photo-ophthalmia in the given options. Dark glasses may be recommended to protect the eyes from bright light, but they are not the primary treatment for this condition.Rate this question:
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- 6.
Corneal sensations are lost in:
- A.
Herpes simplex
- B.
Conjunctivitis
- C.
Fungal infections
- D.
Marginal keratitis
Correct Answer
A. Herpes simplexExplanation
Herpes simplex is a viral infection that can cause corneal sensations to be lost. The virus can affect the nerves in the cornea, leading to a decrease or loss of sensation. This can result in a decreased ability to feel pain or discomfort in the affected eye. Conjunctivitis, fungal infections, and marginal keratitis may cause other symptoms such as redness, itching, or inflammation, but they do not typically result in the loss of corneal sensations.Rate this question:
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- 7.
The color of fluorescein staining in corneal ulcer is:
- A.
Yellow
- B.
Blue
- C.
Green
- D.
Royal blue
Correct Answer
C. GreenExplanation
Fluorescein staining is commonly used to detect corneal ulcers. When fluorescein is applied to the eye, it binds to damaged corneal tissue and becomes visible under blue light. The color observed in corneal ulcers is typically green, indicating the presence of the stained area.Rate this question:
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- 8.
Phylecten is due to:
- A.
Endogenous allergy
- B.
Exogenous allergy
- C.
Degeneration
- D.
None of the above
Correct Answer
A. Endogenous allergyExplanation
Phylecten is a condition characterized by small nodules on the conjunctiva or cornea of the eye. These nodules are typically caused by an allergic reaction. Endogenous allergy refers to an allergic reaction that originates within the body, often triggered by an immune response to certain substances. In the case of phylecten, the nodules are formed due to an allergic reaction within the body, suggesting that the correct answer is endogenous allergy.Rate this question:
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- 9.
A recurrent bilateral conjunctivitis occurring with the onset of hot weather in young boys with symptoms of burning, itching, and lacrimation with large flat topped cobble stone papillae raised areas in the palpebral conjunctiva is:
- A.
Trachoma
- B.
Phlyctenular conjunctivitis
- C.
Mucopurulent conjunctivitis
- D.
Vernal keratoconjunctivitis
Correct Answer
D. Vernal keratoconjunctivitisExplanation
Vernal keratoconjunctivitis is the correct answer because it is a condition characterized by recurrent bilateral conjunctivitis that occurs with the onset of hot weather in young boys. The symptoms of burning, itching, and lacrimation are also consistent with vernal keratoconjunctivitis. Additionally, the presence of large flat topped cobble stone papillae raised areas in the palpebral conjunctiva is a characteristic finding in vernal keratoconjunctivitis. Trachoma, phlyctenular conjunctivitis, and mucopurulent conjunctivitis do not typically present with these specific features.Rate this question:
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- 10.
Which of the following organism can penetrate intact corneal epithelium?
- A.
Streptococcus pyogenes
- B.
Staphylococcus aureus
- C.
Pseudomonas pyocyanaea
- D.
Corynebacterium diphtheriae
Correct Answer
D. Corynebacterium diphtheriaeExplanation
Corynebacterium diphtheriae is the correct answer because it is known to produce a toxin called diphtheria toxin, which can damage and penetrate the intact corneal epithelium. This toxin allows the bacteria to invade and infect the cornea, leading to the development of diphtheritic conjunctivitis. Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas pyocyanaea are not typically associated with penetrating intact corneal epithelium.Rate this question:
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- 11.
A 12-year-old boy receiving long term treatment for spring catarrh, developed defective vision in both eyes. The likely cause is:
- A.
Posterior subcapsular cataract
- B.
Retinopathy of prematurity
- C.
Optic neuritis
- D.
Vitreous hemorrhage
Correct Answer
A. Posterior subcapsular cataractExplanation
The likely cause of the 12-year-old boy's defective vision in both eyes is posterior subcapsular cataract. Spring catarrh is a chronic allergic condition that causes inflammation of the conjunctiva. In some cases, long-term treatment with corticosteroids can lead to the development of cataracts, particularly posterior subcapsular cataracts. These cataracts form at the back of the lens and can cause blurry or distorted vision. Therefore, it is likely that the boy's vision problems are due to the development of posterior subcapsular cataracts as a result of his long-term treatment for spring catarrh.Rate this question:
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- 12.
A young child suffering from fever and sore throat began to complain of lacrimation. On examination, follicles were found in the lower palpebral conjunctiva with tender preauricular lymph nodes. The most probable diagnosis is:
- A.
Trachoma
- B.
Staphylococcal conjunctivitis
- C.
Adenoviral conjunctivitis
- D.
Phlyctenular conjunctivitis
Correct Answer
C. Adenoviral conjunctivitisExplanation
The symptoms described, including fever, sore throat, lacrimation (excessive tearing), and tender preauricular lymph nodes, are consistent with adenoviral conjunctivitis. Adenoviral conjunctivitis is a highly contagious viral infection that affects the conjunctiva, the thin membrane that covers the white part of the eye and the inner surface of the eyelids. It commonly presents with symptoms such as redness, watering of the eyes, and swollen lymph nodes. The presence of follicles in the lower palpebral conjunctiva also supports the diagnosis of adenoviral conjunctivitis, as follicles are a characteristic finding in this condition.Rate this question:
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- 13.
Bandage of the eye is contraindicated in:
- A.
Corneal abrasion
- B.
Bacterial corneal ulcer
- C.
Mucopurulent conjunctivitis
- D.
After glaucoma surgery
Correct Answer
C. Mucopurulent conjunctivitisExplanation
Bandaging the eye is contraindicated in cases of mucopurulent conjunctivitis. This is because the presence of discharge and inflammation in the eye can worsen the condition and potentially lead to further infection. Bandaging the eye in this case can also prevent the proper drainage of the discharge, which is important for the healing process. Therefore, it is best to avoid using a bandage in cases of mucopurulent conjunctivitis.Rate this question:
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- 14.
Ten years old boy complains of itching. On examination, there are mucoid nodules with smooth rounded surface on the limbus, and mucous white ropy mucopurulent conjunctivitis discharge. He most probably suffers from:
- A.
Phlyctenular conjunctivitis
- B.
Mucopurulent conjunctivitis
- C.
Bulbar spring catarrh
- D.
Purulent conjunctivitis
Correct Answer
C. Bulbar spring catarrhExplanation
The given symptoms of mucoid nodules on the limbus, mucous white ropy mucopurulent conjunctivitis discharge, and itching are consistent with the diagnosis of bulbar spring catarrh. This condition is characterized by chronic inflammation of the conjunctiva, resulting in the formation of nodules and excessive mucus production. It typically affects young individuals and is more common in the spring season. Phlyctenular conjunctivitis is characterized by small, raised lesions on the conjunctiva, while mucopurulent conjunctivitis and purulent conjunctivitis are characterized by pus-like discharge and inflammation of the conjunctiva.Rate this question:
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- 15.
In viral epidemic kerato-conjunctivitis there is characteristically:
- A.
Copious purulent discharge
- B.
Copious mucopurulent discharge
- C.
Excessive watery lacrimation
- D.
Mucoid ropy white discharge
Correct Answer
C. Excessive watery lacrimationExplanation
Excessive watery lacrimation is characteristic of viral epidemic kerato-conjunctivitis. This condition is caused by a viral infection and is characterized by inflammation of the cornea and conjunctiva. Excessive watery lacrimation, or tearing, is a common symptom of this condition. It occurs due to the body's immune response to the viral infection, which leads to increased production of tears to flush out the virus and reduce inflammation. This symptom helps differentiate viral epidemic kerato-conjunctivitis from other conditions that may present with different types of discharge.Rate this question:
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- 16.
Corneal Herbert's rosettes are found in:
- A.
Mucopurulent conjunctivitis
- B.
Phlyctenular keratoconjunctivitis
- C.
Active trachoma
- D.
Spring catarrh
Correct Answer
C. Active trachomaExplanation
Corneal Herbert's rosettes are a characteristic finding in active trachoma. Trachoma is a chronic bacterial infection of the eye caused by Chlamydia trachomatis. It is the leading cause of preventable blindness worldwide. Corneal Herbert's rosettes are tiny, branching opacities that form in the cornea due to inflammation and scarring caused by the infection. They are considered a sign of severe trachoma and can lead to visual impairment if left untreated.Rate this question:
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- 17.
A patient complains of maceration of skin of the lids and conjunctiva redness at the inner and outer canthi. Conjunctival swab is expected to show:
- A.
Staphylococcus aureus
- B.
Streptococcus viridans
- C.
Streptococcus pneumonia
- D.
Morax- Axenfeld diplobacilli
Correct Answer
D. Morax- Axenfeld diplobacilliExplanation
The patient's symptoms of maceration of the skin of the lids and redness at the inner and outer canthi are indicative of a bacterial infection. Morax- Axenfeld diplobacilli, also known as Moraxella lacunata, is a gram-negative bacterium that commonly causes infections of the eyelids and conjunctiva. It is known to cause symptoms such as redness and irritation in these areas. Therefore, it is expected that a conjunctival swab from this patient would show the presence of Morax- Axenfeld diplobacilli.Rate this question:
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- 18.
Tranta's spots are noticed in cases of:
- A.
Active trachoma
- B.
Bulbar spring catarrh
- C.
Conical phlycten
- D.
Vitamin A deficiency
Correct Answer
B. Bulbar spring catarrhExplanation
Tranta's spots are typically observed in cases of bulbar spring catarrh. Tranta's spots are small, yellowish-white elevations or nodules that develop on the bulbar conjunctiva, which is the clear membrane that covers the front surface of the eye. Bulbar spring catarrh is a chronic allergic inflammation of the conjunctiva that results in the formation of these spots. Therefore, it is likely that Tranta's spots would be noticed in cases of bulbar spring catarrh.Rate this question:
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Current Version
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Mar 21, 2023Quiz Edited by
ProProfs Editorial Team -
Jun 15, 2020Quiz Created by
Catherine Halcomb
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