Operations Management Quiz Questions And Answers

Total Quality Management (TQM) is indeed a philosophy that emphasizes the involvement of every individual within an organization to continuously enhance quality and meet customer satisfaction. TQM promotes a proactive approach to quality management, where all employees are responsible for identifying and resolving quality issues. It focuses on continuous improvement, customer focus, and employee empowerment to create a culture of quality excellence. By implementing TQM principles, organizations can enhance their processes, products, and services, leading to improved customer satisfaction and overall success.

The statement is true because variables generate data that are measured, and a mean control chart is indeed used to monitor the central tendency of a process. In statistical process control, variables are used to measure and monitor the quality of a process, such as measurements of length, weight, or time. A mean control chart specifically tracks the average or central tendency of these measurements over time, allowing for the detection of any shifts or trends in the process mean. Therefore, the given answer is true.

This answer correctly defines agility as the ability of an organization to respond quickly to demands or opportunities. It implies that an agile organization is able to adapt and adjust its strategies, processes, and resources efficiently in order to meet changing market conditions or take advantage of new opportunities. This definition aligns with the concept of agility in business, where organizations strive to be flexible, adaptable, and responsive to stay competitive in a dynamic environment.

Core competencies refer to the unique strengths or capabilities that set an organization apart from its competitors and contribute to its success in the market. These competencies can include specialized knowledge, skills, technologies, or resources that give the organization a competitive advantage. By leveraging their core competencies, organizations can differentiate themselves and create value for their customers, leading to a stronger market position and increased profitability. Therefore, the statement "core competencies are the special attributes or abilities that give an organization a competitive edge" is true.

A quality-based strategy is an approach that prioritizes and emphasizes the importance of quality in all aspects and stages of an organization. This strategy aims to ensure that high-quality standards are maintained throughout the organization's operations, processes, products, and services. It involves implementing quality control measures, continuous improvement initiatives, and a strong focus on customer satisfaction. By adopting a quality-based strategy, an organization strives to deliver superior quality, meet customer expectations, and gain a competitive advantage in the market.

Continuous improvement is a philosophy that emphasizes the ongoing effort to make constant enhancements to the process of transforming inputs into outputs. It involves constantly reviewing and refining processes, identifying areas for improvement, and implementing changes to achieve better results. This approach recognizes that there is always room for improvement and encourages organizations to continuously strive for better efficiency, quality, and effectiveness in their operations.

Quality control is indeed a process that assesses the output or products against a set standard or criteria. It involves evaluating the quality of the output and taking corrective measures if it does not meet the established standards. Therefore, the statement "quality control is a process that evaluates output relative to a standard and takes corrective action when output doesn't meet standards" is correct.

SPC, or statistical process control, is indeed a statistical evaluation method used to monitor and control the output of a process. It involves collecting data, analyzing it statistically, and making decisions based on the results to ensure that the process is operating within acceptable limits. By using SPC, organizations can identify and address variations or abnormalities in their processes, leading to improved quality and efficiency. Therefore, the given answer "true" accurately describes the nature of SPC.

The statement is true because a sampling distribution is indeed a theoretical distribution of sample statistics. It represents the distribution of all possible sample statistics that could be obtained from repeated sampling of a population. This distribution helps in understanding the variability and characteristics of the sample statistics, such as the mean or standard deviation, and is crucial in making inferences about the population based on the sample data.

The statement is true because control limits are used in statistical process control to determine whether a process is in a state of control or not. They are calculated based on the mean and standard deviation of the data and act as boundaries for random variation. Any data points that fall outside of these limits indicate nonrandom deviations from the mean and suggest that the process is out of control. Therefore, control limits help to identify when a process is experiencing significant variations that need to be investigated and corrected.

This statement is true because a process is indeed a series of actions that take inputs and produce outputs. Processes are used in various fields and industries to achieve specific goals or outcomes. By following a set of defined actions, inputs are modified or combined in some way to generate desired outputs. This can be seen in manufacturing, software development, project management, and many other areas where a systematic approach is necessary to achieve desired results.

Tactics refer to the specific methods and actions that are implemented in order to achieve the broader strategies of an organization. These tactics are the practical steps taken to execute the plans and achieve the desired goals. They are more focused and detailed than strategies, which are the overall plans or approaches to achieve organizational objectives. Therefore, the correct answer is "the methods and actions taken to accomplish strategies."

Division of labor refers to the practice of dividing a complex production process into smaller and simpler tasks, which are then assigned to different workers. Each worker focuses on performing a specific task or a small portion of the overall job. This approach increases efficiency and productivity as workers become specialized in their assigned tasks, leading to faster production and higher quality output. Therefore, the statement that division of labor involves breaking up a production process into small tasks is true.

Competitiveness refers to the ability of an organization to effectively fulfill the desires and requirements of customers in comparison to other entities that provide similar products or services. This statement is true as it accurately defines competitiveness by highlighting the importance of meeting customer needs and differentiating oneself from competitors in order to succeed in the market.

Productivity is indeed a measure of the effective use of resources, typically represented as the ratio of output to input. This means that productivity evaluates how efficiently resources are utilized to generate desired results. By measuring the relationship between output and input, productivity enables organizations to assess their efficiency and effectiveness in utilizing resources to achieve their goals. Therefore, the given answer, "true," accurately reflects the definition and concept of productivity.

The given answer is true. Assignable variation refers to a type of variation in process output that can be identified and traced back to a specific cause. It is a nonrandom variation, meaning it is caused by specific factors or conditions within the process. This type of variation can be controlled and reduced by identifying and eliminating the root cause. Therefore, the statement is correct.

The central limit theorem states that regardless of the shape of the process distribution, the distribution of sample averages tends to be normal. This means that as the sample size increases, the distribution of the sample averages becomes more and more bell-shaped, resembling a normal distribution. This is a fundamental concept in statistics and is widely used in hypothesis testing and confidence interval estimation. Therefore, the given answer, "true," is correct.

The correct answer is "the use of the internet to transact business." This refers to the practice of conducting business activities, such as buying and selling products or services, using the internet as a platform. It involves various online transactions, including consumer to business interactions, where consumers make purchases from businesses through online channels. The internet has revolutionized the way businesses operate, providing a convenient and efficient platform for conducting transactions and reaching a wider customer base.

The statement is true. The dimensions of quality include performance aesthetics, special features, conformance, reliability, durability, perceived quality, and serviceability. These dimensions are used to assess the overall quality of a product or service. Each dimension represents a different aspect of quality that is important to customers and can influence their satisfaction and perception of the product or service.

The correct answer is "costs caused by defective parts or products or by faulty services." This refers to the expenses incurred due to the production of faulty items or the provision of subpar services. These costs include the expenses associated with reworking or scrapping defective products, customer returns or refunds, warranty claims, and potential damage to the company's reputation.

Internal failures discovered during production are defects or issues that are identified within the production process itself. These failures can occur at any stage of production, from the initial manufacturing to the final assembly. Identifying and addressing these failures is crucial to ensure the quality and reliability of the final product. Therefore, it is true that internal failures can be discovered during production.

Random variation refers to the natural fluctuation in the output of a process, which is caused by numerous small factors. These factors can include environmental conditions, human error, or inherent variability in the system itself. Random variation is an inherent characteristic of many processes and can lead to differences in outcomes even when the process is controlled and consistent. Therefore, the statement that random variation is a natural variation in the output of a process, created by countless minor factors, is true.

This statement is true because it accurately describes Type 1 and Type 2 errors in statistical process control. Type 1 error refers to the incorrect conclusion that a process is not in control when it actually is. On the other hand, Type 2 error refers to the incorrect conclusion that a process is in control when it actually is not. These errors can occur when analyzing data and making decisions about process control, and it is important to minimize both types of errors to ensure accurate assessments of process performance.

The correct answer is "the considering of events and trends that present threats or opportunities for a company." Environmental scanning refers to the process of analyzing and monitoring the external environment to identify potential threats and opportunities that may impact a company. This involves keeping track of various factors such as economic, social, technological, and regulatory changes that could affect the organization's performance. By conducting environmental scanning, companies can stay proactive and make informed decisions to adapt and capitalize on emerging trends or mitigate potential risks.

External failures refer to defects or issues that are discovered by the customer after the product or service has been delivered. These failures can include malfunctions, defects, or any other problems that affect the customer's experience or satisfaction. The statement "true" suggests that external failures are indeed discovered after delivery to the customer, indicating that the organization is not able to identify and resolve these issues before the product reaches the customer. This highlights the importance of quality control measures and continuous improvement processes to minimize external failures and enhance customer satisfaction.

The statement is true because finance, operations, and marketing are indeed three fundamental functions of business organizations. Finance involves managing the financial resources of the organization, including budgeting, financial planning, and investment decisions. Operations focus on the production and delivery of goods and services, ensuring efficient processes and quality control. Marketing involves identifying and satisfying customer needs through product development, pricing, promotion, and distribution. These three functions are essential for the success and growth of any business organization.

The statement is true because a lean system aims to eliminate waste and maximize efficiency by using minimal resources while producing a high volume of high-quality goods. This approach focuses on reducing non-value-added activities, streamlining processes, and continuously improving productivity. By doing so, a lean system can increase customer satisfaction, reduce costs, and improve overall performance.

The statement is true because return on quality is indeed an approach that assesses the financial returns of investments made in quality. This approach helps organizations determine the effectiveness and profitability of their quality initiatives by analyzing the financial impact they have on the company. By measuring the return on investment in quality, businesses can make informed decisions about allocating resources and improving their quality management systems.

The statement is true because the quality of conformance refers to how closely goods or services adhere to the specifications and requirements set by the designers. It measures the extent to which the final product matches the intended design and meets the desired standards. A high level of quality of conformance indicates that the product or service has been produced or delivered according to the intended design, while a low level suggests deviations or non-compliance with the design.

The correct answer is "costs of preventing defects from occurring." This refers to the expenses incurred in implementing measures and processes to prevent defects in products or services. These costs include activities such as quality planning, training, process control, and quality assurance. By investing in prevention, organizations can minimize the occurrence of defects and improve overall product or service quality.

Inspection refers to the evaluation or assessment of goods or services to determine their quality, condition, or compliance with certain standards or specifications. It involves a thorough examination to identify any defects, faults, or discrepancies. Therefore, the statement "inspection is appraisal of goods or services" is true, as appraisal involves assessing the value, quality, or worth of something, which aligns with the purpose of inspection.

Time-based approaches to business organizations focus on reducing the time to accomplish certain necessary activities. This includes reducing product/service design time, processing time, delivery time, and response time to complaints. By reducing the time required for these activities, businesses can become more efficient, improve customer satisfaction, and gain a competitive advantage in the market. Therefore, the correct answer is "all of the above."

The statement is true because outsourcing refers to the practice of obtaining goods or services from an external supplier instead of producing or providing them internally. This allows businesses to focus on their core competencies while benefiting from the expertise and cost-efficiency of external providers. By outsourcing, companies can save on resources, time, and potentially access specialized skills or technologies that may not be available internally.

The statement "the need to manage the supply chain" is true because there are several factors that contribute to this need. These factors include the need to improve operations, increasing levels of outsourcing, increasing transportation costs, competitive pressures, increasing globalization, increasing importance of e-business, the complexity of supply chains, and the need to manage inventories. All of these factors highlight the importance of effectively managing the supply chain to ensure efficient and cost-effective operations.

Order winners are the characteristics of an organization's goods or services that make them stand out and be perceived as superior to those of the competition. These characteristics give the organization a competitive advantage and can include factors such as quality, innovation, price, delivery speed, and customer service. By excelling in these areas, the organization is able to attract and retain customers, leading to increased market share and profitability.

The statement is true because lead time refers to the duration between placing an order for a product or service and actually receiving it. It is an important metric for businesses to consider in order to effectively manage their inventory and meet customer demands. By understanding the lead time, companies can plan their production, procurement, and delivery processes more efficiently.

The statement is true. The Deming Prize is indeed established by the Japanese and is awarded annually to firms that excel in quality management programs. The prize is named after W. Edwards Deming, an American statistician, who played a significant role in Japan's post-war economic recovery by promoting quality management principles. The Deming Prize recognizes organizations that demonstrate exceptional performance in quality control, customer satisfaction, and overall business management.

The statement is true because value added is a measure of the additional value created by a company in the production process. It is calculated by subtracting the cost of inputs (such as raw materials and labor) from the value or price of outputs (the final products or services). This measure helps to assess the efficiency and profitability of a business, as a higher value added indicates that the company is generating more value from its inputs.

The correct answer is "plans for achieving organizational goals" because strategies refer to the overall approach or framework that an organization adopts to achieve its goals. These plans outline the specific actions and methods that will be taken to accomplish those goals. Strategies provide a roadmap for the organization, guiding decision-making and resource allocation. They help align different departments and individuals towards a common objective and ensure that efforts are coordinated and focused. By developing and implementing effective strategies, organizations can increase their chances of success and achieve their desired outcomes.

The mission of an organization describes its fundamental purpose for existence. It outlines the organization's core values, goals, and overall reason for being. A mission statement serves as a guiding principle that helps to define the organization's direction and informs decision-making processes. It provides clarity and focus, ensuring that all members of the organization are aligned and working towards a common objective. Policies and procedures, on the other hand, are tools used to implement and support the organization's mission, while strategy refers to the specific plans and actions taken to achieve the mission.

The statement is true because it states that the suppliers' suppliers are the direct suppliers, who are also the producers. These producers then distribute the products to the final customers. This implies a simple and straightforward supply chain where the products go directly from the suppliers to the customers, without any intermediaries involved.

The term "sustainability" refers to the practice of using resources in a manner that does not cause harm to the ecological systems that are necessary for human existence. This means that organizations should take steps to ensure that their actions and operations do not deplete natural resources, contribute to pollution, or disrupt the delicate balance of ecosystems. By adopting sustainable practices, organizations can minimize their negative impact on the environment and help to preserve it for future generations.

Production systems with standardized outputs typically have relatively high volumes of output, as standardization allows for efficient and streamlined processes. This leads to economies of scale and higher production volumes. Additionally, standardized outputs often result in relatively low unit costs, as the processes are optimized and repetitive, reducing the need for customization and increasing efficiency. Furthermore, standardized outputs tend to require high mechanization, as automation and machinery can consistently produce the standardized products. Lastly, standardized outputs can be produced by relatively low skilled workers, as the tasks are repetitive and require less specialized knowledge or training.

The answer suggests that order qualifiers are characteristics that customers perceive as minimum standards of acceptability in order to consider making a purchase. In other words, these are the basic requirements or criteria that a product or service must meet in order to be considered by customers as a potential option for purchase. These characteristics are essential for a company to compete in the market and meet the minimum expectations of customers.

A mission statement is a concise statement that outlines the purpose or reason for the existence of an organization. It serves as a guiding principle that defines the organization's goals, values, and overall direction. It helps to communicate the organization's core purpose to stakeholders, employees, and customers. A mission statement is typically brief and focuses on the fundamental reason for the organization's existence, providing clarity and direction for its activities and decision-making processes.

The correct answer refers to appraisal costs, which are the costs associated with activities designed to ensure quality or uncover defects. These activities may include inspections, testing, and quality audits. By investing in these activities, organizations can identify and address any defects or quality issues before they reach the customer, thereby reducing the overall costs caused by defective parts or products.

The correct answer is "consumer to business transactions" because e-commerce refers to the use of the internet to conduct business activities, including buying and selling products or services. In this context, consumer to business transactions specifically refer to situations where individual consumers purchase goods or services from businesses online. This type of transaction is a fundamental aspect of e-commerce, as it allows consumers to directly engage with businesses and make purchases conveniently through digital platforms.

TIME BASED STRATEGY that focuses on reduction of time needed to accomplish tasks

Supervisors of knowledgeable people may be reluctant to let them be assigned to a project because they fear being associated with a poor project. Additionally, having to work for two bosses can also make it difficult to get good workers on projects. Therefore, all of the above reasons contribute to the difficulty of obtaining good workers on projects.

External failure costs refer to the expenses incurred by a company due to product or service failures that occur after they have reached the customer. Warranty service, processing of complaints, and costs of litigation are all examples of external failure costs. These costs arise when customers experience issues with the product or service, leading to warranty claims, customer complaints, and potential legal action. These costs can be significant and can damage a company's reputation and customer trust. Therefore, it is crucial for businesses to minimize external failure costs by focusing on prevention and quality control measures.

Control chart limits are not specifications established by design or customers. Control chart limits are statistical limits that are calculated based on the data collected from a process. These limits help to identify whether the process is in control or out of control. The specifications or tolerances for a process are typically determined by design or customers, but they are not the same as control chart limits. Control chart limits are used to monitor and improve the stability and performance of a process.

The correct answer is "the reason for the existence of an organization." This answer accurately describes the purpose of a mission statement. A mission statement is a concise statement that outlines the fundamental reason for an organization's existence. It articulates the organization's goals, values, and overall mission, providing a clear direction and purpose for the organization and its stakeholders. The mission statement helps guide decision-making, shape organizational culture, and communicate the organization's overall purpose to both internal and external audiences.

A c-chart is used to monitor the number of defects. This type of control chart is specifically designed to track the count of defects in a process over time. By plotting the number of defects on the chart, it becomes easier to identify any patterns or trends that may indicate a problem or variation in the process. This helps in taking corrective actions and improving the quality of the process.

The answer refers to the intention of designers to include or exclude features in a product or service. This means that the quality of design is determined by the deliberate decisions made by designers regarding the features that are included or excluded in a product or service. The answer suggests that the quality of design is dependent on the thoughtfulness and purposefulness of the design decisions made by the designers.

The correct answer is "expected project duration." Computing the earliest starting and finishing times for the activities in a project network helps determine the expected project duration. By calculating the earliest start and finish times for each activity, we can identify the critical path, which is the sequence of activities that determines the minimum amount of time required to complete the project. Therefore, the expected project duration is directly determined by computing the earliest starting and finishing times for the activities.

six sigma is a process for reducing costs, improving quality, and increasing customer satisfaction