Assessment Day 2: Nutrition/Obesity/Lipids
- 1.Which lipoprotein transports dietary fat and dietary cholesterol from the intestine?
- A.
VLDL
- B.
HDL
- C.
IDL
- D.
LDL
- E.
Chylomicrons
- 2.Which of the following is Cholesterol not a precursor to:
- A.
Hormones
- B.
Cell Membranes
- C.
Bone Structure
- D.
Bile Acids
- E.
All of the above are Precursors
- 3.What component of a lipoprotein contributes greatest to its density
- A.
Triglyceride
- B.
Apolipoprotein
- C.
Free Cholesterol
- D.
Phospholipids
- E.
None of the Above
- 4.Low-density lipoproteins (LDL) are the principle transport vehicles for ________ in the blood.
- A.
Glucose
- B.
Triglycerides
- C.
Cholesterol
- D.
Amino Acids
- 5.Apolipoprotein A is bound to all __________ and Apolipoprotein B is bound to __________.
- A.
HDL;Triglycerides
- B.
LDL; VLDL
- C.
HDL; Chylomicrons,VLDL,IDL,LDL, Lp(a)
- D.
All of the above are incorrect
- 6.There are two ways that lipoproteins are commonly classified:
- A.
HDL/Non-HDL or By the Apolipoproteins in their structural surface
- B.
By density and by the harm they pose to the body
- C.
By Triglyceride concentration and by cholesterol concentration.
- D.
None of the above are correct.
- 7.Because triglycerides and cholesterol (both being oil-based) cannot dissolve in blood, they must be “packaged” inside a “transport vehicle” in order to circulate in the (water-based) bloodstream throughout your body. Those transport vehicles are called:
- A.
Phospholipids
- B.
APOE
- C.
Lipoproteins
- D.
Proteins
- 8.Elevated Lp(a) presents a far greater risk than elevated LDL because it is both atherogenic and thrombogenic
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 9.In unhealthy lipoprotein metabolism (unhealthy eating), more particles are created than the body can use and remove, causing a greater particle load to progress through the metabolic pathway, with the particles getting progressively more cholesterol-rich throughout the process. This leads to an increased number of particles that are high in cholesterol, thus increasing the patient’s risk for atherosclerosis.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 10.Which of the following statements are true regarding lipoprotein particles and atherosclerosis?
- A.
Smaller particles more easily infiltrate the vessel wall, initiating the atherosclerotic process
- B.
More particles means more opportunity for infiltration to occur.
- C.
Higher cholesterol content can result in a more rapid advancement in atherosclerosis.
- D.
All of the above are true
- 11.Regular aerobic exercise, loss of excess weight (fat), and cessation of cigarette smoking may increase HDL cholesterol levels.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 12.Lp(a) is considered to be ____ more atherogenic (disease causing) than LDL cholesterol.
- A.
100X
- B.
50X
- C.
10X
- D.
15X
- 13.HDL removes surplus cholesterol from the periphery and transports it to the liver for disposal
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 14.________packages the fat we consume and transports it from our small intestine to the liver.
- A.
LDL
- B.
VLDL
- C.
Chylomicrons
- D.
HDL
- 15._______is(are) a class of lipoproteins formed in the degradation of very-low-density lipoproteins; some are cleared rapidly into the liver and some are degraded to low-density lipoproteins.
- A.
IDL
- B.
Remnants lipoproteins
- C.
HDL
- D.
VLDL3
- 16.Their levels are genetically determined and remain relatively stable over an individual's lifetime.
- A.
Small, dense LDL
- B.
Lp(a)
- C.
LpPla2
- D.
IDL
- 17.__________transport cholesterol from the tissues of the body back to the liver through a process called reverse cholesterol transport, so the cholesterol can be eliminated in the bile.
- A.
LDL
- B.
Chylomicrons
- C.
Triglycerides
- D.
Phopholipids
- E.
HDL
- 18.__________transports cholesterol to the tissues of the body. It is therefore considered the "bad" cholesterol.
- A.
IDL
- B.
Lp(a)
- C.
VLDL3
- D.
LDL
- 19.Which of the following appropriately represents the Friedewald Equation for calculating LDL cholesterol?
- A.
LDL = TC – HDL – TG/5
- B.
LDL = HDL + TG/5
- C.
LDL = TC – HDL - VLDL
- D.
TC = HDL + LDL + TG
- 20.The VAP:
- A.
Is a comprehensive lipid analysis utilizing proprietary technology called the Vertical auto profile ultracentrifugation.
- B.
Offers a direct measure LDL.
- C.
Simultaneously measures cholesterol concentrations of all 5 lipoprotein classes and their subclasses in a nonfasting patient.
- D.
All of the above
- 21.____________________is elevation of plasma cholesterol, triglycerides (TGs), or both, or a low high-density lipoprotein level that contributes to the development of atherosclerosis.
- A.
Hyperlipidemia
- B.
Dyslipidemia
- C.
Metabolic Syndrome
- D.
Hypoapolipoproteins
- 22.___________ is used to measure obesity, and a measurement over __________, a patient is considered to be obese.
- A.
BMI; 30
- B.
HTN; 200 lbs
- C.
BMI; 20
- D.
LDL; 130mg/dl
- 23.The energy provided from food is called _______________.
- A.
BMI
- B.
Kcal
- C.
Calories
- D.
Fatty acids
- E.
B & C
- 24.Select all of the following Nutirents that provide energy.
- A.
Vitamins
- B.
Fats
- C.
Proteins
- D.
Minerals
- E.
Carbohydrates
- 25.The prevalence of obesity has nearly doubled between 1980 and 2008. Once associated with high-income countries, obesity is now also prevalent in low- and middle-income countries.
- A.
True
- B.
False
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