Can You Pass This Medical Term Quiz?

Ebola virus is the correct answer because it is a highly infectious pathogen that causes Ebola virus disease (EVD) in humans and other primates. It is transmitted through direct contact with the bodily fluids of infected individuals or through contact with contaminated objects. Ebola virus can cause severe and often fatal illness, characterized by symptoms such as fever, fatigue, muscle pain, headache, and hemorrhaging. The identification of Ebola virus as the pathogen is based on its known characteristics and the specific mention of it in the given options.

Sjogren's syndrome is an autoimmune disorder that primarily affects the exocrine glands. These glands are responsible for producing saliva and tears, and in Sjogren's syndrome, they become inflamed and damaged. This leads to symptoms such as dry eyes and mouth. Paracrine glands, endocrine glands, and autocrine glands are not primarily affected in Sjogren's syndrome. Paracrine glands secrete hormones that act locally, endocrine glands secrete hormones into the bloodstream, and autocrine glands secrete hormones that act on the same cells that produce them.

The left ovarian vein drains into the left renal vein. This is because the left renal vein receives blood from various sources, including the left adrenal vein and the left gonadal vein (ovarian vein in females). The left renal vein then carries this blood to the inferior vena cava (IVC), which is the largest vein in the body and returns deoxygenated blood to the heart. Therefore, the left renal vein is the correct answer as it is the vessel through which the left ovarian vein drains.

Chronic zinc deficiency can lead to stunted growth. Zinc is an essential mineral that plays a crucial role in many physiological processes, including growth and development. When there is a deficiency of zinc over a long period of time, it can negatively affect the body's ability to grow and develop properly, leading to stunted growth.

Insulin is the correct answer because it inhibits the biosynthesis of the enzyme pyruvate carboxylase. Pyruvate carboxylase is involved in the conversion of pyruvate to oxaloacetate, a key step in gluconeogenesis. Insulin promotes glucose uptake and utilization, so inhibiting the production of pyruvate carboxylase helps to prevent the production of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources.

Erythroplakia is a condition characterized by red patches in the oral cavity that cannot be attributed to any other cause. These patches have a high risk of malignant transformation, meaning they are more likely to develop into oral cancer compared to other conditions listed. Oral submucous fibrosis, oral lichen planus, and DLE are also oral conditions, but they do not have as high a risk of malignant transformation as erythroplakia.

Pseudocarriers are carriers of avirulent organisms. Avirulent organisms are those that do not cause disease in the carrier or host. Pseudocarriers may carry these organisms without showing any symptoms or signs of illness. Unlike healthy carriers, who carry virulent organisms and may transmit the disease, pseudocarriers do not pose a risk of spreading the disease to others. Temporary carriers carry the organisms for a short period of time, while inapparent carriers may show no symptoms but can still transmit the disease.

Enteroclysis is a contrast study of the small bowel performed using fluoroscopy. It involves the administration of contrast material directly into the small intestine through a tube inserted through the nose or mouth. This procedure allows for a detailed evaluation of the small bowel, including its structure, function, and any abnormalities or diseases present. Fluoroscopy provides real-time imaging, allowing the radiologist to observe the contrast material as it passes through the small bowel, providing valuable diagnostic information.

The planned end-point of all activities is referred to as objectives. Objectives define the desired outcomes or achievements that an individual or organization aims to accomplish. They provide a clear direction and purpose for the activities undertaken and serve as a benchmark for measuring success. Goals, targets, and results are all related to objectives, but they are more specific and measurable components that contribute to the overall objective.