Functions Of Organelles Quiz

Explanation
Ribosomes are the organelles responsible for protein synthesis in a cell. They are found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Ribosomes can be free-floating in the cytoplasm or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum. They receive instructions from the nucleus in the form of messenger RNA (mRNA) and use transfer RNA (tRNA) to assemble amino acids into a polypeptide chain, which eventually forms a protein. Therefore, ribosomes are the correct answer as they are directly involved in the production of proteins within a cell.

Explanation
Chloroplasts are the organelles responsible for converting sunlight into food through a process called photosynthesis. They contain a pigment called chlorophyll which absorbs light energy and uses it to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen. This process is essential for the survival of plants and some other organisms that are capable of photosynthesis. Chloroplasts are found in plant cells and some protists, but not in animal cells.

Explanation
The nucleus is the organelle that holds all of the information needed for the cell to reproduce. It contains the cell's DNA, which carries the genetic instructions for making proteins and other important molecules. The nucleus also controls the cell's activities by regulating gene expression. Without the nucleus, the cell would not be able to reproduce or function properly. The nucleolus, ribosomes, and ER are all important organelles involved in protein synthesis and other cellular processes, but they do not contain all of the necessary information for cell reproduction.

Explanation
Mitochondria are the organelles responsible for converting food molecules into ATP, which is the main energy currency of the cell. They carry out cellular respiration, a process that breaks down glucose and other organic molecules to produce ATP. This occurs in the inner membrane of the mitochondria, where the electron transport chain and ATP synthesis take place. Therefore, mitochondria are correctly identified as the organelles that convert food molecules into ATP.

Explanation
The cell membrane is a protective barrier that surrounds the cell and separates it from its environment. It controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell, allowing nutrients to enter and waste products to exit. It also helps maintain the cell's shape and provides support. The cell membrane is selectively permeable, meaning it allows certain substances to pass through while blocking others. This selective permeability helps protect the cell from harmful substances and maintains a stable internal environment.

Explanation
The nucleolus is the correct answer because it is the organelle responsible for manufacturing ribosomes. It is located within the nucleus of the cell and plays a crucial role in the production of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and assembly of ribosomes. The nucleolus contains DNA, RNA, and proteins, which are necessary for ribosome synthesis.

Explanation
The cell wall is the correct answer because it is a rigid structure found in plant cells that provides support and protection. It surrounds the cell membrane and helps maintain the shape of the cell. Unlike animal cells, plant cells have cell walls made of cellulose, which gives them added strength and allows them to withstand external pressures. The cell wall also helps prevent the cell from bursting when water enters the cell, maintaining the turgidity of the plant.

Explanation
Lysosomes are the organelles responsible for digesting and breaking down old and worn out organelles. They contain digestive enzymes that can break down various types of molecules, including proteins, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates. This process, known as autophagy, helps to recycle the components of old organelles and eliminate any damaged or non-functional parts. Lysosomes also play a role in the digestion of foreign substances, such as bacteria or viruses, and are involved in cellular waste disposal. Therefore, lysosomes are the correct answer for the organelle that digests old and worn out organelles.

Explanation
The vacuole is an organelle that stores water for the cell. It is a large, fluid-filled sac that can occupy a significant portion of the cell's volume. The vacuole helps maintain the cell's turgor pressure, which is necessary for cell shape and stability. Additionally, it stores various molecules such as ions, nutrients, and waste products. The vacuole also plays a role in regulating the pH level of the cell and is involved in processes like cell growth and development. Therefore, the vacuole is the correct answer for the organelle that stores water for the cell.

Explanation
The Golgi apparatus is responsible for packaging and delivering proteins and other materials throughout the cell. It receives proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and modifies them by adding sugars and lipids. It then packages these modified proteins into vesicles and sends them to their appropriate destinations within the cell or for secretion outside of the cell. The Golgi apparatus plays a crucial role in intracellular transport and is essential for maintaining the organization and functioning of the cell.