Glucose Regulation

1. Insulin is released by what type of cells in the pancreas?

Beta cells

Alpha cells

Beta and alpha cells

Option 4

Insulin is released by beta cells in the pancreas. These cells are responsible for producing and secreting insulin, a hormone that helps regulate blood sugar levels. Insulin plays a crucial role in facilitating the uptake of glucose by cells, thereby reducing blood sugar levels. Alpha cells, on the other hand, produce and release glucagon, a hormone that raises blood sugar levels. Therefore, the correct answer is beta cells.

Explanation

Insulin is released by beta cells in the pancreas. These cells are responsible for producing and secreting insulin, a hormone that helps regulate blood sugar levels. Insulin plays a crucial role in facilitating the uptake of glucose by cells, thereby reducing blood sugar levels. Alpha cells, on the other hand, produce and release glucagon, a hormone that raises blood sugar levels. Therefore, the correct answer is beta cells.

2. What is the key role of the kidney in glucose regulation?

Production of insulin

Reabsorption of glucagon

Production of glucose

Reabsorption of glucose

The key role of the kidney in glucose regulation is the reabsorption of glucose. The kidneys filter the blood and remove excess glucose, which is then reabsorbed back into the bloodstream to maintain normal blood glucose levels. This process helps prevent the loss of valuable glucose through urine and ensures that glucose is available for energy production in the body.

Explanation

The key role of the kidney in glucose regulation is the reabsorption of glucose. The kidneys filter the blood and remove excess glucose, which is then reabsorbed back into the bloodstream to maintain normal blood glucose levels. This process helps prevent the loss of valuable glucose through urine and ensures that glucose is available for energy production in the body.

3. Fatty acids in the liver are transformed to glucose through gluconeogenesis?

True

False

Gluconeogenesis is a metabolic pathway that allows the liver to produce glucose from non-carbohydrate sources, such as fatty acids. This process is important for maintaining blood sugar levels during fasting or periods of low carbohydrate intake. Therefore, the statement that fatty acids in the liver are transformed to glucose through gluconeogenesis is true.

Explanation

Gluconeogenesis is a metabolic pathway that allows the liver to produce glucose from non-carbohydrate sources, such as fatty acids. This process is important for maintaining blood sugar levels during fasting or periods of low carbohydrate intake. Therefore, the statement that fatty acids in the liver are transformed to glucose through gluconeogenesis is true.

4. Insulin promotes following processes in the liver?

Glycogenesis

Glycogenolysis

Gluconeogenesis

Gycolysis

Insulin promotes glycogenesis in the liver. Glycogenesis is the process of converting glucose into glycogen, which is stored in the liver for later use as an energy source. Insulin stimulates the liver cells to take up glucose from the bloodstream and convert it into glycogen. This helps to regulate blood sugar levels by removing excess glucose from the bloodstream and storing it as glycogen.

Explanation

Insulin promotes glycogenesis in the liver. Glycogenesis is the process of converting glucose into glycogen, which is stored in the liver for later use as an energy source. Insulin stimulates the liver cells to take up glucose from the bloodstream and convert it into glycogen. This helps to regulate blood sugar levels by removing excess glucose from the bloodstream and storing it as glycogen.

5. Which organs are responsible for the uptake of glucose?

Liver

Muscle

Kidney

Heart

Muscle is responsible for the uptake of glucose. When glucose is present in the bloodstream, muscle cells have insulin receptors that allow them to take in glucose and use it as a source of energy. This is important for muscle contraction and overall energy metabolism. The liver also plays a role in glucose uptake and storage, but in this question, muscle is the primary organ responsible for glucose uptake. The kidney and heart do not have a major role in glucose uptake.

Explanation

Muscle is responsible for the uptake of glucose. When glucose is present in the bloodstream, muscle cells have insulin receptors that allow them to take in glucose and use it as a source of energy. This is important for muscle contraction and overall energy metabolism. The liver also plays a role in glucose uptake and storage, but in this question, muscle is the primary organ responsible for glucose uptake. The kidney and heart do not have a major role in glucose uptake.