Unit 2 Target 4 & 5-cell Organelle Functions Quiz

The cell wall is a rigid structure that surrounds the cell membrane in plant cells, fungi, and bacteria. Its main function is to provide support and protection to the cell. It helps maintain the shape of the cell and prevents it from bursting under osmotic pressure. Additionally, the cell wall acts as a barrier against external threats such as pathogens and physical damage. Therefore, the correct answer is "support and protect the cell."

The nucleus is responsible for storing DNA, which contains the genetic information needed for protein synthesis. It also controls most of the cell's processes, including cell growth, division, and metabolism. Therefore, all of the given answers are correct as they describe different functions performed by the nucleus.

Plant cells have a large membrane-bound space called the central vacuole, which is responsible for storing water, waste products, and nutrients. The central vacuole helps maintain the cell's shape, regulate cell volume, and store important substances needed for cell growth and development. The mitochondrion is responsible for energy production, the chloroplast is involved in photosynthesis, and the Golgi apparatus is responsible for packaging and distributing molecules within the cell.

Mitochondria and chloroplasts are organelles that help provide cells with energy. Mitochondria are known as the "powerhouses" of the cell because they are responsible for producing energy in the form of ATP through cellular respiration. Chloroplasts, on the other hand, are found in plant cells and are responsible for photosynthesis, the process through which sunlight is converted into energy-rich molecules like glucose. Together, these organelles play a crucial role in energy production and are essential for the functioning of cells.

The correct answer is chloroplasts. Chloroplasts are the organelles associated with photosynthesis. They contain chlorophyll, which captures sunlight and converts it into chemical energy through the process of photosynthesis. Mitochondria are responsible for cellular respiration, Golgi apparatus is involved in protein modification and packaging, and vacuoles are involved in storage and waste management. However, only chloroplasts have the necessary components and enzymes to carry out photosynthesis.

The Golgi apparatus is responsible for packaging and distributing proteins and lipids within the cell. It receives these molecules from the endoplasmic reticulum and modifies them by adding carbohydrates or other groups. It then packages them into vesicles and sends them to their final destination within the cell or for secretion outside of the cell. The nucleus, on the other hand, contains the cell's genetic material and is involved in gene expression and control. The central vacuole is found in plant cells and functions in storage and maintaining cell turgor pressure. The nuclear envelope is a double membrane that surrounds the nucleus, separating it from the rest of the cell.

Ribosomes are the structures that make proteins using coded instructions that come from the nucleus. They are responsible for protein synthesis, which is a vital process in all living organisms. Ribosomes read the instructions encoded in the DNA and use them to assemble amino acids into proteins. This process occurs in the cytoplasm of cells. The Golgi apparatus, mitochondrion, and vacuole are all important organelles in the cell, but they do not directly participate in protein synthesis.

The correct answer is ribosome, rough endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, released from the cell. This sequence correctly traces the path of a protein in the cell. Proteins are synthesized by ribosomes, then transported to the rough endoplasmic reticulum where they undergo further processing and modification. From there, the proteins are transported to the Golgi apparatus where they undergo additional processing and sorting. Finally, the proteins are packaged into vesicles and released from the cell.

A lysosome is a type of organelle that is responsible for the digestion of macromolecules and old organelles. It contains enzymes that break down these materials, allowing the cell to recycle and reuse their components. This function is crucial for maintaining the overall health and functionality of the cell. Therefore, if an organelle found in a liver cell primarily functions in the digestion of macromolecules and old organelles, it would be best identified as a lysosome.

The plasma/cell membrane is a crucial component of a cell as it encloses the contents of the cell, providing structure and protection. It also allows materials to enter and leave the cell through various mechanisms such as diffusion, osmosis, and active transport. Additionally, the plasma/cell membrane is selectively permeable, meaning it regulates the passage of substances into and out of the cell to maintain homeostasis. Therefore, all of the given answers are correct as they accurately describe the functions and characteristics of the plasma/cell membrane.

The centriole is a small organelle found in animal cells that plays a crucial role in cell division. It functions as a microtubule organizing center and helps in the formation of the spindle fibers. During cell division, the centrioles duplicate and move to opposite poles of the cell. They then assist in the separation of chromosomes by forming the mitotic spindle, which attaches to the chromosomes and pulls them apart. Therefore, the correct answer is that the function of the centriole is to separate chromosomes during cell division.

The Golgi apparatus is responsible for modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins that are synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum. If proteins are accumulating in the endoplasmic reticulum after the addition of a chemical, it suggests that the chemical is preventing the movement of proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus. This disruption in protein trafficking can lead to abnormal cellular function and potentially impact various cellular processes.

The double membrane surrounding the nucleus is called the nuclear envelope. This envelope separates the contents of the nucleus from the cytoplasm and regulates the passage of molecules in and out of the nucleus. It consists of an inner and outer membrane, with a narrow space in between called the perinuclear space. The nuclear envelope also contains nuclear pores, which allow for the exchange of materials between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. The nucleolus, on the other hand, is a distinct structure within the nucleus involved in the production of ribosomes.

An organelle is a structure within a cell that carries out specific activities inside the cell. It is responsible for performing various functions, such as energy production, protein synthesis, and waste removal. Examples of organelles include the mitochondria, which produce energy, and the endoplasmic reticulum, which is involved in protein synthesis. The other options, cytoplasm, nucleus, and membrane, are not specific structures within the cell that carry out activities, but rather refer to different components of the cell.

The endoplasmic reticulum is an important organelle that helps maintain homeostasis by moving supplies from one part of the cell to another. It plays a crucial role in protein synthesis, lipid metabolism, and the detoxification of drugs and toxins. The endoplasmic reticulum is a network of membranous tubules and sacs that extends throughout the cytoplasm of the cell. It is involved in the transport of proteins and lipids within the cell, as well as the synthesis of membrane components. Therefore, the endoplasmic reticulum is the correct answer in this case.

Cyclohexamide is a protein synthesis inhibitor that specifically targets the ribosomes, the cellular organelles responsible for protein synthesis. By adding cyclohexamide to cells and observing the formation of short incomplete segments of proteins, Naomi can conclude that the drug is acting on the ribosomes, preventing them from completing the synthesis of proteins.

The cytoskeleton is a network of protein filaments that provides structural support to the cell and helps it maintain its shape. It also plays a role in cell movement by facilitating the contraction and extension of the cell. Additionally, the cytoskeleton is involved in the movement of organelles within the cell. However, it does not have a direct role in preventing chromosomes from separating during cell division. This function is primarily carried out by the spindle fibers, which are made up of microtubules and are responsible for separating the chromosomes.

Microtubules and microfilaments are the structures that carry out cell movement. Microtubules are long, hollow tubes made of protein called tubulin, which provide structural support and serve as tracks for movement of organelles within the cell. They also form the spindle fibers during cell division. Microfilaments, on the other hand, are thin, solid filaments made of protein called actin, which are involved in cell contraction and movement. These two structures work together to enable various forms of cell movement, such as cell crawling, muscle contraction, and the movement of cilia and flagella.

Ribosomes are the structures found in the cytoplasm. They are responsible for protein synthesis and can be found either free in the cytoplasm or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum. The nucleolus is located within the nucleus and is involved in the production of ribosomes. Chromatin refers to the DNA and proteins that make up chromosomes and is found within the nucleus. The cell wall is a rigid structure found in plant cells, not in the cytoplasm.

Mitochondria are known as the powerhouses of the cell because they are responsible for producing energy in the form of ATP through cellular respiration. They are present in large numbers in active cells that require a lot of energy, such as muscle cells. Therefore, it can be inferred that a particularly active cell might contain large numbers of mitochondria.

The mitochondrion is the organelle responsible for converting the chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use. This process is known as cellular respiration, where glucose and oxygen are converted into ATP (adenosine triphosphate), the main energy currency of the cell. The mitochondria have an inner membrane with folds called cristae, which provide a large surface area for the chemical reactions involved in ATP production.