Nutrition & Wellness Midterm Examination

Choosing and preparing foods with less salt may reduce the risk of high blood pressure. Excessive salt intake can lead to an increase in blood pressure, which is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases such as heart attack and stroke. Therefore, reducing salt consumption can help to lower the risk of developing high blood pressure and its associated health problems.

The better choice for a person on a low-cholesterol, low-fat diet would be a baked potato with skin. This is because potatoes are a good source of fiber and essential nutrients, and baking them helps retain their nutritional value. By keeping the skin on, you also increase your intake of fiber and other beneficial compounds. On the other hand, potatoes baked with cheese sauce, French fries, and fried hash browns are higher in fat and cholesterol due to the added ingredients and cooking methods used.

The American diet is best described as being too high in fats, cholesterol, and sugar. This means that the typical diet in America contains excessive amounts of these unhealthy components, which can lead to various health issues such as obesity, heart disease, and diabetes. This characteristic is often attributed to the prevalence of processed and fast foods, which are typically high in these unhealthy ingredients.

The correct answer is "foods high in calories, sugar, fat, and salt." This is because the question is asking about the type of food commercials that children watch on television. The answer suggests that more than half of these commercials promote foods that are high in calories, sugar, fat, and salt, which are generally considered unhealthy.

Glycogen is the body's storage form of glucose. When glucose levels are high, excess glucose is converted into glycogen and stored in the liver and muscles. This stored glycogen can later be broken down into glucose when the body needs energy. Unlike glucose, which is a monosaccharide, glycogen is a polysaccharide consisting of many glucose molecules linked together.

Amani's lactose intolerance means she cannot consume milk, which is a major source of calcium. Calcium is an essential nutrient for bone health, muscle function, and nerve transmission. Therefore, it is highly likely that Amani's diet is deficient in calcium due to her inability to drink milk.

Fructose is the monosaccharide found in fruits. Monosaccharides are the simplest form of carbohydrates, and fructose is a type of sugar that is naturally occurring in fruits. It is sweeter than glucose and is responsible for the sweet taste of fruits. Glucose is another type of monosaccharide, but it is not specifically found in fruits. Maltose and lactose are disaccharides, which means they are composed of two monosaccharides and are not found as the primary sugar in fruits.

Brussells sprouts can be placed in the vegetables section of MyPlate because they are a type of cruciferous vegetable that provide essential nutrients like vitamins C and K, fiber, and antioxidants. They are low in calories and fat, making them a healthy choice for a balanced diet.

The statement "Hindu people do not eat beef" is the best example of how religion influences food choices. Hinduism considers cows to be sacred animals, and therefore, followers of Hinduism avoid consuming beef as it goes against their religious beliefs. This demonstrates how religion plays a significant role in shaping dietary preferences and restrictions for individuals and communities.

Adipose tissue is the correct answer because it is the tissue in which the body stores lipids. Adipose tissue is made up of adipocytes, which are specialized cells that store fat in the form of triglycerides. This tissue acts as an energy reserve and also provides insulation and cushioning to the body. It is found throughout the body, with higher concentrations in areas such as the abdomen, thighs, and buttocks. Adipose tissue plays a crucial role in maintaining energy balance and regulating metabolism.

Refusing to give a child a snack because he or she would not share toys is an example of using food as a form of punishment. By denying the child a snack, it serves as a consequence for their behavior of not sharing toys. This can help teach the child that their actions have consequences and encourage them to learn to share in the future.

Hydrogenation is the process of breaking the double carbon bonds in unsaturated fatty acids and adding hydrogen. This process is commonly used in the food industry to convert liquid unsaturated fats into solid fats, such as the hydrogenation of vegetable oils to produce margarine. Hydrogenation increases the shelf life and stability of fats, but it also produces trans fats, which are unhealthy and can increase the risk of heart disease. Sterols, triglycerides, and lipids are all related to fats and lipids but do not specifically refer to the process of hydrogenation.

Carbohydrates are the body's preferred source of energy because they can be easily broken down and converted into glucose, which is the primary fuel for the body's cells. This process is efficient and provides a quick and readily available source of energy. Additionally, carbohydrates spare fats by preventing the breakdown of fats for energy, allowing them to be used for other important functions in the body.

Infants are most likely to suffer the quickest from dehydration because their bodies have a higher water turnover rate and a smaller reserve of body fluids compared to other age groups. Additionally, infants are unable to communicate their thirst effectively and are more vulnerable to illnesses that can cause fluid loss. Therefore, they are more prone to dehydration and can experience its effects rapidly if not properly hydrated.

When offering friends a snack when they visit, it is an example of social influence on food choices. This is because the act of offering a snack to friends is influenced by societal norms and expectations regarding hospitality and socializing. It is a way of conforming to social norms and demonstrating hospitality by providing food to guests.

Lyah eating when bored is an example of using food to deal with emotions because she is using food as a means of coping with her boredom. Instead of finding alternative ways to entertain herself or address her boredom, she turns to eating as a way to distract or comfort herself. This behavior suggests that she may use food as a source of emotional comfort or as a way to fill a void when feeling bored.

Fiber provides the most bulk to the diet because it is a type of carbohydrate that cannot be fully digested by the body. It adds bulk to the stool and helps regulate bowel movements, preventing constipation. Fiber also promotes satiety, making us feel fuller for longer, which can aid in weight management. Additionally, fiber helps to lower cholesterol levels and regulate blood sugar levels. Overall, consuming a diet high in fiber is beneficial for maintaining a healthy digestive system and overall well-being.

A monounsaturated fatty acid is a type of fatty acid that has only one double bond between carbon atoms in a carbon atom chain. This means that there is only one point of unsaturation in the molecule. This type of fatty acid is often found in plant-based oils and is considered to be a healthier option compared to saturated or trans-fatty acids. Monounsaturated fatty acids have been associated with numerous health benefits, including reducing the risk of heart disease and inflammation.

Family history is considered an uncontrollable health-risk factor because it refers to the genetic predisposition that individuals inherit from their family members. This means that if a person has a family history of certain health conditions, they are more likely to develop those conditions themselves. Unlike other factors such as high blood cholesterol or high blood pressure, which can be managed through lifestyle changes or medication, family history cannot be changed or controlled. Therefore, it is an uncontrollable risk factor for certain health conditions.

Research has indicated that diets high in fiber may reduce the risk of colon cancer, heart and artery disease, and hemorrhoids. Fiber helps to promote healthy digestion and regular bowel movements, which can help prevent the development of colon cancer. Additionally, a high-fiber diet can lower cholesterol levels and reduce the risk of heart and artery disease. Hemorrhoids, which are swollen blood vessels in the rectum and anus, can be prevented or minimized by consuming a diet high in fiber, as it helps to soften the stool and prevent constipation.

Phospholipids are a class of lipids that contain a phosphorus-containing compound in their chemical structures. This unique feature enables them to combine with both fat and water, making them an essential component of cell membranes. Phospholipids have a hydrophilic (water-loving) head and hydrophobic (water-repellent) tail, allowing them to form a lipid bilayer that acts as a barrier between the cell and its surroundings. They play a crucial role in maintaining the structural integrity and fluidity of cell membranes, as well as facilitating the transport of molecules across the membrane.

The percent daily values of a Nutrition Facts panel are based on a typical diet of 2,000 calories. This means that the daily values for various nutrients listed on the panel are calculated based on the assumption that the average person consumes 2,000 calories per day. It serves as a reference point for individuals to understand the nutritional content of the food product in relation to their daily calorie intake.

After eating, a person's blood glucose level typically rises. This is because the food we consume contains carbohydrates, which are broken down into glucose during digestion. Glucose is then absorbed into the bloodstream, causing the blood glucose level to increase. This rise in blood glucose triggers the release of insulin, a hormone that helps regulate glucose levels by facilitating its uptake into cells. Therefore, the correct answer is that the blood glucose level rises after eating.

The grains group is the best source of foods high in starch. Starch is a complex carbohydrate found in foods like bread, rice, pasta, and cereal. These foods are part of the grains group in MyPlate. They provide the body with energy and are a good source of fiber, vitamins, and minerals. Including foods from the grains group in the diet can help meet the body's daily starch requirements and contribute to overall health and nutrition.

Electrolytes play a crucial role in maintaining the balance of water inside and outside the cells. They help regulate the movement of water across the cell membrane, preventing the cells from bursting due to excess fluids. By controlling the osmotic pressure, electrolytes ensure that the concentration of water inside the cell is balanced with the extracellular environment. This balance is essential for the proper functioning and integrity of the cells.

FCS-FNW-3. Students will identify the factors that affect food choices and dietary quality.
a. Discuss socio-cultural impacts such as race/ethnicity, region, religion, and social and personal environment and analyze the influences of demographic factors: age, gender, education level, family composition, income, and exposure to new foods.

Triglycerides are the major type of fat found in foods and in the body. They are composed of three fatty acids attached to a glycerol molecule. Triglycerides are the main storage form of fat in the body and are also found in various foods, such as oils, butter, and fatty meats. They provide energy, help insulate and protect organs, and are involved in the absorption and transport of fat-soluble vitamins. Lecithin is a type of phospholipid, sterols are a type of lipid found in cell membranes, and emulsifiers are substances that help mix oil and water.

A buildup of plaque in the arteries leading to the brain can restrict blood flow and oxygen supply to the brain, leading to a stroke. Plaque is formed by the accumulation of cholesterol, fat, and other substances in the artery walls, causing them to become narrow and hardened. When a clot forms in these narrowed arteries, it can block blood flow to the brain, resulting in a stroke.

The answer "Potato chips have low nutrient density for protein" can be concluded based on the information given in the question. The fact that two ounces of potato chips only supply 2 grams of protein, which is only 4% of daily needs, indicates that potato chips have a low nutrient density for protein. This means that potato chips are not a good source of protein and do not provide a significant amount of protein compared to the total calories they supply. Therefore, the correct answer is that potato chips have low nutrient density for protein.

Steak is considered the best example of high-status food in the culture of the United States because it is often associated with fine dining, luxury, and special occasions. It is commonly served in high-end restaurants and is often more expensive compared to other options. Steak is also seen as a symbol of indulgence and is often associated with wealth and success. It is a popular choice for celebratory meals and is often considered a prestigious and desirable food item in American culture.

Glucose is the correct answer because it is the form in which carbohydrates need to be in for cells to use them as an energy source. Glucose is a simple sugar that can be easily broken down and metabolized by cells through a process called cellular respiration. Once glucose is absorbed into the bloodstream, it can be transported to cells and used as a primary source of energy. Other forms of carbohydrates, such as fructose and glycogen, need to be converted into glucose before they can be utilized by cells for energy. Insulin is a hormone that helps regulate blood sugar levels, but it is not a form of carbohydrate.

Gum agar is added to a food product to thicken and stabilize it. It acts as a natural thickening agent and helps to improve the texture and consistency of the product. By adding gum agar, the product becomes more stable and less likely to separate or become watery. It also helps to enhance the shelf life of the product by preventing the growth of bacteria and mold. Therefore, gum agar is commonly used in food products to improve their overall quality and ensure a better eating experience for consumers.

Cholesterol is a white, waxy lipid made by the body that is part of every cell. It plays a crucial role in various bodily functions, including the production of hormones, vitamin D, and bile acids. While excessive levels of cholesterol can lead to health issues, it is also an essential component of cell membranes and aids in the formation of healthy cells. Therefore, cholesterol is the correct answer in this context.

FCS-FNW-3. Students will identify the factors that affect food choices and dietary quality.
a. Discuss socio-cultural impacts such as race/ethnicity, region, religion, and social and personal environment and analyze the influences of demographic factors: age, gender, education level, family composition, income, and exposure to new foods.

An essential fatty acid is a type of fatty acid that is required by the body for normal growth and development. It cannot be synthesized by the body, so it must be obtained through the diet. This type of fatty acid plays important roles in various bodily functions, such as maintaining healthy skin, supporting brain function, and regulating inflammation. Examples of essential fatty acids include omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids.

The correct answer is Sugar because it is listed first in the ingredient list, indicating that it is present in the largest amount compared to the other ingredients.

The adult body contains approximately 12 gallons of water. Water is essential for the body's various functions, including digestion, circulation, and temperature regulation. It makes up a significant portion of our body weight and is found in our cells, tissues, and organs. Maintaining proper hydration is important for overall health and well-being.

Lipids are a group of compounds that include triglycerides, phospholipids, and sterols. Lipids are organic molecules that are insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents. They are an essential component of living cells and play important roles in energy storage, insulation, and protection of organs. Triglycerides are the main form of stored energy in the body, while phospholipids are a major component of cell membranes. Sterols, such as cholesterol, are important for the synthesis of hormones and the structure of cell membranes. Therefore, the correct answer is lipid.

An emulsifier is a substance that has the ability to mix water and fat. It helps to stabilize and disperse oil droplets in water by reducing the surface tension between the two substances. This allows for the formation of stable emulsions, such as mayonnaise or salad dressings, where oil and water are evenly distributed. Emulsifiers like phospholipids, such as lecithin, are commonly used in food and cosmetic products to improve texture and prevent separation of ingredients. Adipose tissue refers to fat cells in the body, while triglycerides are a type of fat molecule.

Teens generally have more flexibility in their eating habits compared to adults. They are more likely to be open to trying new foods and making healthier choices. Additionally, teenagers tend to have faster metabolisms, which means they can burn off calories more easily. On the other hand, adults may have established eating patterns and habits that are harder to change. They may also have slower metabolisms, making it more difficult to lose weight or reduce fat and cholesterol. Therefore, it is generally true that changing eating habits to reduce fat and cholesterol is often easier for teens than it is for adults.

The Daily Value for fiber is 25 grams. If 2 grams of dietary fiber is 8 percent of the Daily Value, then 100 percent of the Daily Value would be 25 grams. To consume 25 grams of fiber, a person would need to eat 12 to 13 servings of the food product, as each serving supplies 2 grams of fiber.

Sterols are a class of lipids that have complex molecules consisting of rings of carbon atoms with attached chains of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Sterols are essential components of cell membranes and play important roles in various biological processes. They are found in high amounts in animal tissues and are also present in some plants. Sterols, such as cholesterol, are important for the synthesis of hormones, vitamin D, and bile acids. They also contribute to the structure and fluidity of cell membranes.

Sterols are a class of lipids that have complex molecules made of rings of carbon atoms with attached chains of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Sterols are important components of cell membranes and are also precursors to hormones such as estrogen and testosterone. They are found in animal products and are essential for various biological functions in the body.

The second number in a blood pressure reading measures diastolic pressure, which refers to the pressure on the arteries between beats. This means that it represents the pressure in the arteries when the heart is at rest, in between contractions. It is an important indicator of the overall health of the cardiovascular system and can help identify any issues or abnormalities in blood flow and artery health.

Carbohydrates are one of the six classes of nutrients that include sugars, starches, and fiber. They are the body's main source of energy. Carbohydrates are broken down into glucose, which is used by the body to fuel various processes and activities. They provide energy for the brain, muscles, and other organs. Carbohydrates are found in foods such as grains, fruits, vegetables, and dairy products. They are an essential part of a balanced diet and should be consumed in moderation for optimal health and energy levels.

Insulin is the hormone that helps regulate the amount of glucose in the bloodstream. It is produced by the pancreas and plays a crucial role in maintaining normal blood sugar levels. Insulin allows glucose to enter cells, where it is used for energy or stored as glycogen. Without insulin, glucose cannot be properly absorbed by cells, leading to high blood sugar levels, which can result in diabetes. Ketones are byproducts of fat breakdown, glycogen is a stored form of glucose, and thyroxin is a hormone that regulates metabolism.

The skin is one of the means through which body water can be lost. This is because the skin has sweat glands that produce sweat, which helps regulate body temperature. When we sweat, water is released from the body through the skin, leading to water loss.

The given answer "Complex Carbohydrate" is correct because polysaccharides like starch and fiber are classified as complex carbohydrates. Complex carbohydrates are made up of long chains of sugar molecules and take longer to break down in the body compared to simple carbohydrates like glucose and fructose. Starch and fiber provide a slow and steady release of energy, making them beneficial for maintaining stable blood sugar levels and promoting digestive health.

Fat replacers are substances that are used to replace or reduce the amount of fat in food products. They are commonly used in low-fat or reduced-fat versions of foods to provide a similar texture and taste without the high fat content. By using fat replacers, individuals can reduce the amount of fat in their diet without sacrificing the overall taste and enjoyment of their meals. Therefore, the best use of fat replacers in the diet is to reduce fat intake and promote a healthier eating pattern.

Carbohydrates are organic compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Nitrogen is not found in carbohydrates. Nitrogen is commonly found in proteins and nucleic acids, but it is not a component of carbohydrates.