1.
Neuralgia
Correct Answer
A. Nerve pain
Explanation
Neuralgia refers to a condition characterized by nerve pain. It is a type of pain that occurs due to irritation or damage to a nerve. This pain can be sharp, shooting, or burning and is often felt along the path of the affected nerve. Muscle pain, on the other hand, is discomfort or soreness in the muscles, while neuron pain is not a recognized medical term. Difficulty swallowing is unrelated to neuralgia. Therefore, the correct answer is nerve pain.
2.
Nephrotomy
Correct Answer
C. Surgical incision of the Kidney
Explanation
Nephrotomy refers to a surgical procedure involving the incision of the kidney. It is not related to the visual examination of either the liver or the kidney. Therefore, the correct answer is "surgical incision of the Kidney."
3.
Neural
Correct Answer
A. Pertaining to a nerve or nerves
Explanation
The term "neural" refers to something that is related to a nerve or nerves. It can be used to describe anything that involves or is connected to the functioning or structure of nerves. Therefore, the correct answer is "pertaining to a nerve or nerves."
4.
Nephrosis
Correct Answer
A. Abnormal condition of the Kidney
Explanation
Nephrosis refers to an abnormal condition of the kidney. It is a general term used to describe various kidney disorders that result in the impairment of normal kidney function. This can include conditions such as nephrotic syndrome, where the kidneys leak large amounts of protein into the urine, or glomerulonephritis, which is inflammation of the kidney's filtering units. Therefore, the correct answer is "abnormal condition of the Kidney."
5.
Iatrogenic
Correct Answer
C. Pertaining to a patients abnormal condition that results unexpectedly from a specific treatment, medical or technical treatment
Explanation
The correct answer is "pertaining to a patient's abnormal condition that results unexpectedly from a specific treatment, medical or technical treatment." This term refers to a condition or illness that is caused by a medical intervention or treatment. It can include complications or side effects that were not anticipated or intended.
6.
Diagnosis
Correct Answer(s)
B. 2nd step in nursing assessment
C. Interpret & analyze patient data.Identify patient strenghts & health problems. formulate & validate nursing diagnosis.Develop a prioritzed list of nursing diagnoses. Detect 7 refer s/S that may indicate a problem beyond the nurses experience
Explanation
The correct answer is the 2nd step in nursing assessment, which involves interpreting and analyzing patient data, identifying patient strengths and health problems, formulating and validating nursing diagnoses, and developing a prioritized list of nursing diagnoses. This step also includes detecting 7 referral signs/symptoms that may indicate a problem beyond the nurse's experience. This step is crucial in assessing the patient's condition and determining the appropriate nursing interventions.
7.
Hematoma
Correct Answer
C. Bruise "black & blue' mark. Mass of blood within organ or tissue or space. Break in the wall of blood vessel.
Explanation
The correct answer is "bruise 'black & blue' mark. Mass of blood within organ or tissue or space. Break in the wall of blood vessel." This answer accurately describes a hematoma, which is a collection of blood outside of blood vessels. It is commonly known as a bruise, characterized by a black and blue mark on the skin. A hematoma can occur due to trauma or injury that causes a break in the wall of a blood vessel, leading to blood pooling in the surrounding tissue or organ.
8.
Incision
Correct Answer
B. Cutting into organ or body part
Explanation
The correct answer is cutting into organ or body part. Incision refers to the act of making a cut into an organ or body part. This can be done for various purposes such as surgical procedures or autopsies. It does not specifically refer to the removal of an organ or the act of cutting into and viewing an organ or body part.
9.
Sarcoma
Correct Answer
B. Cancerous (malignant) tumor of connective tissue. such as bone, muscle, fat or cartilage
Explanation
The correct answer is cancerous (malignant) tumor of connective tissue. Sarcoma is a type of cancer that originates in the connective tissues of the body, such as bone, muscle, fat, or cartilage. It is characterized by the abnormal growth of cells in these tissues, which can invade surrounding tissues and spread to other parts of the body. This distinguishes it from a benign tumor, which does not invade or spread. Therefore, option B is the correct answer as it accurately describes sarcoma.
10.
Pathogenic
Correct Answer
B. Pertaining to producing disease
Explanation
The term "pathogenic" refers to microorganisms that are capable of causing disease in the body. These microorganisms have the ability to invade and multiply within the host, leading to the development of various illnesses or infections. Therefore, the correct answer is "pertaining to producing disease."
11.
Osteotomy
Correct Answer
C. Cutting through a bone
Explanation
Osteotomy refers to the surgical procedure of cutting through a bone. This procedure is commonly performed to correct deformities, realign bones, or remove a portion of the bone. It is not related to cutting through organs or removing bones entirely. Therefore, the correct answer is "cutting through a bone".
12.
Ostectomy
Correct Answer
A. Surgical incision of a bone or portion of a bone
Explanation
The term "ostectomy" refers to the surgical removal of a bone or a portion of a bone. This involves making an incision in the bone or cutting it to remove the desired section. Therefore, the correct answer is "surgical incision of a bone or portion of a bone."
13.
Endoscopy
Correct Answer
C. Visual exam of hollow organ or cavities with an endoscope
Explanation
Endoscopy is a medical procedure that involves the visual examination of hollow organs or cavities using an instrument called an endoscope. This instrument is inserted into the body through natural openings or small incisions and allows doctors to view the internal structures and diagnose any abnormalities or diseases. Therefore, the correct answer is "visual exam of hollow organ or cavities with an endoscope."
14.
Hypodermic is pertaining to under or
Correct Answer
below the skin
Explanation
The term "hypodermic" refers to something that is related to or located beneath the skin. It is commonly used to describe injections or medications that are administered beneath the skin. In medical terminology, "hypo-" means under or below, and "dermic" refers to the skin. Therefore, "below the skin" accurately describes the meaning of the term "hypodermic."
15.
Hypoglycemia
Correct Answer
C. Abnormally low levels of sugar in the blood
Explanation
The correct answer is "abnormally low levels of sugar in the blood." Hypoglycemia refers to a condition where the blood sugar levels drop below normal. This can occur due to various reasons such as excessive insulin production, certain medications, or medical conditions. When the blood sugar levels are abnormally low, it can lead to symptoms like dizziness, confusion, weakness, and even loss of consciousness. Therefore, the answer accurately describes the condition of hypoglycemia.
16.
Hyperglycemia
Correct Answer
C. Higher than nomal levels of sugar in the blood
Explanation
Hyperglycemia refers to higher than normal levels of sugar in the blood. This can occur due to various reasons, such as eating too much sweets or having low sugar. When the body is unable to properly regulate blood sugar levels, it can lead to hyperglycemia. This condition is commonly associated with diabetes, where the body either does not produce enough insulin or is unable to effectively use insulin. As a result, glucose accumulates in the blood, causing high blood sugar levels.
17.
Hypogastric
Correct Answer
C. Pertaining to below the stomach
Explanation
The term "hypogastric" refers to a location below the stomach. The prefix "hypo-" means below or under, and "gastric" refers to the stomach. Therefore, "pertaining to below the stomach" is the correct explanation for the term "hypogastric."
18.
Sub renal
Correct Answer
A. Below the kidney
Explanation
The term "sub renal" refers to something that is located below the kidney. In this context, the correct answer is "below the kidney." This means that whatever is being referred to is situated in a position that is lower than the kidney. The other options, "below the liver" and "none of the above," are not correct in relation to the term "sub renal."
19.
Transdermal
Correct Answer
D. Pertaining to through the skin
Explanation
The term "transdermal" refers to the administration of drugs or substances through the skin. It involves the absorption of the substance into the bloodstream from the outer layer of the skin, known as the epidermis. Therefore, the correct answer is "pertaining to through the skin."
20.
Transhepatic
Correct Answer
B. Pertaining to through or across the liver
Explanation
The term "transhepatic" is derived from the prefix "trans-" meaning through or across, and the word "hepatic" which refers to the liver. Therefore, "transhepatic" means pertaining to through or across the liver.
21.
Sub hepatic
Correct Answer
B. Pertaining to below the liver
Explanation
The term "sub hepatic" refers to something that is located below the liver. In this context, "pertaining to below the liver" is the correct answer because it accurately describes the meaning of the term. The prefix "sub-" means below or under, and "hepatic" refers to the liver. Therefore, "pertaining to below the liver" is the most appropriate explanation for the term "sub hepatic."
22.
Heptatoma
Correct Answer
C. Tumor of liver (malignant)
Explanation
Heptatoma refers to a tumor of the liver, specifically a malignant tumor. The term "heptatoma" is derived from the word "hepato" which means liver and "toma" which means tumor. Therefore, the correct answer is tumor of liver (malignant).
23.
Pathology
Correct Answer
C. Study of disease
Explanation
Pathology is the study of disease. It involves examining the causes, mechanisms, and effects of diseases on the body. Pathologists analyze samples of body tissues, fluids, and cells to diagnose diseases and determine the appropriate treatment. They study the changes that occur in the body during illness and investigate the progression and outcomes of diseases. By understanding the nature of diseases, pathologists contribute to the development of effective treatments and prevention strategies.
24.
Cytology
Correct Answer
C. Study of cells
Explanation
Cytology is the study of cells. It involves the examination and analysis of cells, their structure, function, and interactions. This field of study is important in understanding various biological processes and diseases at the cellular level. Cytologists use various techniques and tools to study cells, including microscopy and cell culture. By studying cells, cytologists can gain insights into cellular behavior, development, and abnormalities, contributing to advancements in medicine, genetics, and other scientific disciplines.
25.
Dermatology
Correct Answer
B. Study of the skin & its diseases
Explanation
Dermatology is the branch of medicine that focuses on the study of the skin and its diseases. It involves the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of various skin conditions, including infections, allergies, and cancers. Dermatologists are specialized doctors who have extensive knowledge and expertise in managing skin disorders. They play a crucial role in maintaining skin health and improving the overall well-being of individuals.
26.
Urology
Correct Answer
C. Study of the urinary system in males & females & the reproductive tract in males
Explanation
The correct answer is "study of the urinary system in males & females & the reproductive tract in males." Urology is a medical specialty that focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of diseases and conditions related to the urinary system in both males and females, as well as the reproductive system in males. Urologists are trained to manage a wide range of conditions, including urinary tract infections, kidney stones, prostate cancer, and infertility. They provide comprehensive care for patients of all genders, addressing both urinary and reproductive health concerns.
27.
Arthrosis
Correct Answer
D. Abnormal condition of a joint
Explanation
Arthrosis refers to an abnormal condition of a joint. It is characterized by pain, inflammation, and stiffness in the affected joint. This condition can be caused by various factors such as aging, injury, or wear and tear of the joint. The term "arthrosis" specifically refers to degenerative changes in the joint, which can lead to the breakdown of cartilage and the development of bone spurs. Therefore, the correct answer is "abnormal condition of a joint."
28.
Hepatitis
Correct Answer
C. Inflmmation of liver
Explanation
The correct answer is "inflammation of liver." Hepatitis refers to the inflammation of the liver, which can be caused by various factors such as viral infections, alcohol abuse, or autoimmune diseases. It is characterized by symptoms like jaundice, fatigue, abdominal pain, and loss of appetite. Inflammation and infection of the liver can lead to serious complications if not treated promptly. Therefore, it is important to diagnose and manage hepatitis to prevent further damage to the liver.
29.
Nephritis
Correct Answer
C. Inflammation of the kidney
Explanation
Nephritis refers to the inflammation of the kidney. It is a medical condition characterized by the swelling and irritation of the kidney tissues. This inflammation can be caused by various factors such as infections, autoimmune diseases, and certain medications. Symptoms of nephritis may include blood in the urine, high blood pressure, swelling, and decreased urine output. If left untreated, nephritis can lead to kidney damage and impaired kidney function. Therefore, it is important to diagnose and treat nephritis promptly to prevent further complications.
30.
Dermatosis
Correct Answer
D. Any skin disease. any non inflammatory skin disease
Explanation
The term "dermatosis" refers to any skin disease, which can include both inflammatory and non-inflammatory conditions. The correct answer states that dermatosis can refer to any skin disease, specifically highlighting non-inflammatory skin diseases. This means that dermatosis encompasses a wide range of skin conditions, including those that do not involve inflammation.
31.
Rhinitis
Correct Answer
C. Inflammation of the nose
Explanation
Rhinitis refers to the inflammation of the nose. This condition is characterized by symptoms such as a runny or stuffy nose, sneezing, itching, and congestion. It can be caused by various factors, including allergies, viral or bacterial infections, and irritants. The inflammation of the nasal passages leads to the symptoms associated with rhinitis. Therefore, the answer "inflammation of the nose" accurately describes the condition.
32.
Psychosis
Correct Answer
C. Abnormal condition of the mind. A serious mental disorder, that involves loss of normal perception of reality. Dilusions & hallucinations
Explanation
Psychosis is a term used to describe a serious mental disorder characterized by an abnormal condition of the mind. It involves a loss of normal perception of reality, leading to delusions and hallucinations. This condition affects an individual's thoughts, emotions, and behavior, causing significant impairment in daily functioning. It is not simply an abnormal condition of the brain or a reaction to medications, but rather a complex psychiatric condition that requires medical attention and treatment.
33.
Psychogenic
Correct Answer
B. Concerning the development of the mind. having emotional & psychologic origin rather than pHysical cause
Explanation
The term "psychogenic" refers to something that has an emotional and psychological origin rather than a physical cause. It is used to describe conditions or symptoms that are believed to be caused by psychological factors rather than any underlying physical illness or disease. In this context, the correct answer indicates that "psychogenic" is related to the development of the mind and is characterized by its emotional and psychological origins.
34.
Encephalopathy
Correct Answer
C. Disease of the brain
Explanation
Encephalopathy refers to a condition that affects the brain, causing dysfunction or damage. It is characterized by various symptoms such as altered mental state, cognitive impairment, and neurological abnormalities. Therefore, the correct answer is "disease of the brain" since encephalopathy specifically pertains to brain-related disorders rather than diseases of the mind or the study of the brain.
35.
Adenoma
Correct Answer
C. Tumor of a gland. pituitary, thyroid, adrenal glands (bening)
Explanation
The correct answer is "tumor of a gland. pituitary, thyroid, adrenal glands (bening)". An adenoma is a type of tumor that develops in the glandular tissues. In this case, it specifically refers to a benign tumor that can occur in the pituitary, thyroid, or adrenal glands. Benign tumors are non-cancerous and do not spread to other parts of the body.
36.
Leukocytosis
Correct Answer
C. Slight increase in the number of normal WBC as a response to infection
Explanation
Leukocytosis refers to an irregular increase in the white blood cell (WBC) count. The correct answer states that leukocytosis is a slight increase in the number of normal WBCs as a response to infection. This explanation accurately describes the condition, as an infection can stimulate the body's immune response, leading to an increase in WBCs. However, it is important to note that leukocytosis can also occur due to other factors such as inflammation or certain medical conditions.
37.
Leukemia
Correct Answer
C. Cancerous WBC in blood & bone marrow, increase in malignant (cancerous) WBC
Explanation
The correct answer is cancerous WBC in blood & bone marrow, increase in malignant (cancerous) WBC. This answer accurately describes leukemia, a type of cancer that affects the white blood cells (WBCs) in the blood and bone marrow. In leukemia, there is an abnormal increase in malignant or cancerous WBCs, leading to a low count of healthy WBCs.
38.
Erythremia
Correct Answer
C. Increase in RBC
Explanation
Erythremia is a condition characterized by an excessive production of red blood cells (RBCs) in the bone marrow. This leads to an increase in the number of RBCs circulating in the blood. The other options, such as increase in white blood cells (WBCs) or decrease in RBCs, do not accurately describe erythremia.
39.
Thrombocytosis
Correct Answer
B. An increase in the number of platelets
Explanation
Thrombocytosis refers to a medical condition characterized by an abnormal increase in the number of platelets in the blood. Platelets are important for blood clotting, and an increase in their number can lead to an increased risk of blood clots. Therefore, the correct answer is "an increase in the number of platelets."
40.
Erythrocytosis
Correct Answer
D. Abnormal condition of RBC (slight increase in numbers)
Explanation
The correct answer is "abnormal condition of RBC (slight increase in numbers)". Erythrocytosis refers to a condition where there is a slight increase in the number of red blood cells (RBCs). This can occur due to various reasons such as dehydration, smoking, high altitude, or certain medical conditions. It is important to note that erythrocytosis is different from polycythemia, which is a more significant increase in RBC count.
41.
Electroencephalogram
Correct Answer
D. Record of the electrical activity of the brain
Explanation
The correct answer is "record of the electrical activity of the brain." An electroencephalogram (EEG) is a test that measures and records the electrical activity of the brain. It is commonly used to diagnose and monitor conditions such as epilepsy, sleep disorders, and brain injuries. By placing electrodes on the scalp, the EEG can detect and display the brain's electrical signals, providing valuable information about brain function and abnormalities.
42.
Carcinogenic
Correct Answer
B. Producing cancer (substance that produces cancer)
Explanation
The term "carcinogenic" refers to something that has the ability to produce or cause cancer. It specifically refers to substances that have been proven to be cancer-causing agents. These substances can be either benign or malignant, meaning they can cause both non-cancerous and cancerous tumors. Therefore, the correct answer is "producing cancer (substance that produces cancer)".
43.
Neurotomy
Correct Answer
C. Incision of a nerve
Explanation
Neurotomy refers to the incision of a nerve. This procedure involves surgically cutting a nerve to relieve nerve pain. By severing the nerve, the transmission of pain signals to the brain is disrupted, providing relief to the patient. This surgical intervention is often considered when other non-invasive treatments have failed to alleviate the pain.
44.
Gastrectomy
Correct Answer
C. Removal of the stomach or part of it (surgical removal)
Explanation
Gastrectomy refers to the surgical removal of the stomach or a part of it. This procedure is typically performed to treat conditions such as stomach cancer, severe ulcers, or obesity. By removing all or a portion of the stomach, the surgeon aims to alleviate symptoms, prevent the spread of cancer, or assist in weight loss. Therefore, the correct answer is "removal of the stomach or part of it (surgical removal)".
45.
Ostealgia
Correct Answer
D. Pain in a bone
Explanation
Ostealgia refers to the pain specifically in a bone. It is a medical term used to describe the discomfort or ache that is localized to a particular bone in the body. This pain can be caused by various factors such as injury, infection, inflammation, or underlying bone conditions. The term "oste-" refers to bone, and "-algia" refers to pain, so ostealgia directly translates to pain in a bone.
46.
Arthritis
Correct Answer
C. Inflammation of a joint
Explanation
Arthritis refers to the inflammation of a joint. It is a condition that causes pain, stiffness, and swelling in the joints, which can affect mobility and daily activities. Inflammation is the body's natural response to injury or infection, and in the case of arthritis, it occurs in the joints. This inflammation can lead to joint damage and the breakdown of cartilage, causing the symptoms associated with arthritis. Therefore, the correct answer is "inflammation of a joint."
47.
Osteoarthritis
Correct Answer
B. Inflammation of bones & joints (older people) stiffness, pain & degeneratin of joints
Explanation
Osteoarthritis is a condition characterized by inflammation of the bones and joints, particularly in older people. It is associated with stiffness, pain, and degeneration of the joints. This explanation aligns with the given answer choice, which states that osteoarthritis involves inflammation of bones and joints in older individuals, leading to stiffness, pain, and degeneration of the joints.
48.
Arthralgia
Correct Answer
D. Pain in joint
Explanation
The term "arthralgia" refers to pain in the joints. It does not specifically indicate inflammation or infection of bones and joints, nor does it imply inflammation of bones and joints. Therefore, the correct answer is "pain in joint."
49.
Anemia
Correct Answer
B. Deficiency of hemoglobin and/or in number of RBC which results in reduced oxygen to body cells
Explanation
Anemia is a condition characterized by a deficiency of hemoglobin and/or a decrease in the number of red blood cells (RBCs). This leads to reduced oxygen delivery to the body cells. The low hemoglobin and RBC count result in a decreased capacity of the blood to carry oxygen, which can lead to symptoms such as fatigue, weakness, and shortness of breath. Therefore, the correct answer is "deficiency of hemoglobin and/or in number of RBC which results in reduced oxygen to body cells."
50.
Carcinoma
Correct Answer
B. Cancerous tumor (malignant) form from epithelial cells, which line the internal organs & cover the outside of the body.
Explanation
Carcinoma refers to a type of cancerous tumor that is malignant, meaning it has the potential to spread to other parts of the body. Carcinomas specifically form from epithelial cells, which are found in the lining of internal organs and cover the outside of the body. This distinguishes carcinomas from other types of cancerous tumors that may form from different cell types, such as melanoma from epidermis cells.