Solve The Basic Chemistry Questions!

Explanation
The positively-charged particles in an atom are called protons. Protons are located in the nucleus of an atom and have a positive charge. They are one of the three main subatomic particles, along with neutrons and electrons. Protons determine the atomic number of an element and are responsible for the overall positive charge of the nucleus.

Explanation
Protons and neutrons are found in the nucleus of the atom. The nucleus is the central part of an atom, containing most of its mass. Protons are positively charged particles, while neutrons have no charge. Both protons and neutrons are tightly packed together in the nucleus, surrounded by a cloud of negatively charged electrons. The nucleus is crucial for the stability and overall structure of the atom, as it determines the atomic number and mass number of the element.

Explanation
The first orbital, also known as the 1s orbital, can hold a maximum of 2 electrons. This is because the 1s orbital has a spherical shape and can accommodate only two electrons with opposite spins according to the Pauli exclusion principle. Therefore, the correct answer is 2.

Explanation
Carbon has 6 electrons in total, with 2 in the inner shell and 4 in the outermost shell. Valence electrons are the electrons in the outermost shell, so carbon has 4 valence electrons.

Explanation
Chlorine is located in Group 17 of the periodic table, also known as the halogens. Elements in this group have 7 valence electrons, which are the electrons in the outermost energy level of an atom. Since chlorine is in Group 17, it also has 7 valence electrons.

Explanation
The periodic table is a tabular arrangement of chemical elements, organized based on their atomic number, electron configuration, and recurring chemical properties. There are a total of 94 naturally-occurring elements in the periodic table. These elements range from hydrogen (atomic number 1) to plutonium (atomic number 94). Each element has a unique set of properties and plays a crucial role in various chemical reactions and biological processes.

Explanation
A molecule is formed when two or more atoms join together. When a molecule contains at least two different elements, it is called a compound. Compounds are formed through chemical bonding between different atoms, resulting in a substance with unique properties and characteristics. In contrast, molecules that consist of only one type of element are called elements.

Explanation
The atomic number of an atom tells us the number of protons it has. Each element on the periodic table has a unique atomic number, which corresponds to the number of protons in the nucleus of its atoms. Protons are positively charged particles, and their number determines the element's identity and its place on the periodic table. Therefore, the atomic number is a crucial factor in understanding the fundamental properties and characteristics of an atom.

Explanation
Iron has 26 protons because the atomic number of an element represents the number of protons in its nucleus. Since the symbol for iron is Fe, we can refer to the periodic table to find that the atomic number of iron is 26, indicating that it has 26 protons.

Explanation
Neon is a chemical element with the symbol Ne on the periodic table. The symbol Ne represents the element Neon, which is a noble gas. Noble gases are known for their low reactivity and are found in Group 18 of the periodic table. Neon is commonly used in neon signs due to its bright orange-red glow when an electric current is passed through it.

Explanation
An atom that has a different number of protons than neutrons is called an isotope. Isotopes are variants of an element that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons. This difference in the number of neutrons can result in variations in atomic mass and stability. Isotopes can be either stable or unstable, with unstable isotopes undergoing radioactive decay over time. The concept of isotopes is important in various scientific fields, including chemistry, physics, and geology.

Explanation
The octet rule is a concept in chemistry that states when an atom has eight electrons in its outermost shell, it becomes more stable. This is because having a full outer shell allows the atom to have a stable electron configuration, similar to the noble gases. By gaining, losing, or sharing electrons, atoms strive to achieve a full outer shell, which is known as the octet rule. This rule helps explain the behavior of atoms in chemical reactions and the formation of chemical bonds.

Explanation
In covalent bonding, atoms share electrons to form a molecule. In the case of carbon dioxide, carbon and oxygen atoms share electrons to create a stable molecule. This type of bonding is characterized by the sharing of electrons between atoms, allowing them to achieve a full outer electron shell and form strong bonds.

Explanation
When an atom gains an electron, it becomes negatively charged due to the extra electron. This negatively charged atom is called an anion. Anions are formed when atoms in a chemical reaction gain electrons to achieve a stable electron configuration. They are attracted to positively charged ions, known as cations, to form ionic compounds. Anions play a crucial role in various chemical reactions and are important for maintaining overall charge balance in chemical systems.

Explanation
An anion has a negative charge because it has more electrons than it has protons. In an atom, the number of electrons is equal to the number of protons, resulting in a neutral charge. However, when an atom gains one or more electrons, it becomes negatively charged. This is because the extra electrons, which are negatively charged, outnumber the positively charged protons, leading to an overall negative charge.

Explanation
This is an example of ionic bonding because sodium, which has one valence electron, gives up this electron to chlorine, which has seven valence electrons. By doing so, sodium becomes a positively charged ion (cation) and chlorine becomes a negatively charged ion (anion). The opposite charges attract each other, resulting in the formation of an ionic bond between sodium and chlorine, leading to the formation of the compound NaCl, commonly known as salt.