Chemistry Quiz: Atomic Structure & Atomic Mass Calculations

Protons are subatomic particles that carry a positive charge. They are found in the nucleus of an atom, along with neutrons, which have no charge. Electrons, on the other hand, are negatively charged and orbit around the nucleus. Therefore, the correct answer is proton.

A neutron is a subatomic particle that has no charge, meaning it is neutral. Unlike protons, which have a positive charge, and electrons, which have a negative charge, neutrons have a mass similar to that of a proton but do not carry any charge. This makes them an essential component of an atom's nucleus, along with protons, while electrons orbit around the nucleus. Neutrons play a crucial role in determining the stability and properties of an atom.

Electrons are subatomic particles that carry a negative charge. They are found outside the nucleus of an atom and are responsible for the flow of electricity. Protons, on the other hand, carry a positive charge, and neutrons have no charge. Therefore, the correct answer is electron.

Electrons are located outside the nucleus of an atom. Protons and neutrons are located inside the nucleus. Electrons are negatively charged particles that orbit the nucleus in specific energy levels or shells. They are much smaller and lighter than protons and neutrons. The arrangement of electrons in an atom determines its chemical properties and reactivity.

The diagram does not represent the electrons because they are not shown. The color red is not used to represent the electrons in the diagram.

An atom that contains a different number of neutrons than the normally occurring version is called an isotope. Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons, resulting in different atomic masses. These variations in neutron numbers do not affect the element's chemical properties but can affect its stability and nuclear properties. Isotopes can be used in various applications, such as radiometric dating and medical imaging.

The proton is the subatomic particle that determines the identity of an atom. This is because all atoms of one element will always have the same number of protons. Protons carry a positive charge and are located in the nucleus of an atom. The number of protons in an atom is what defines its atomic number and determines its place on the periodic table. Therefore, the correct answer is proton.

Protons and neutrons are the particles found in the nucleus of an atom. Protons have a positive charge, while neutrons have no charge. Electrons, on the other hand, are found in the electron cloud surrounding the nucleus. Therefore, the correct answer is Proton, Neutron.

Carbon-14 is represented by the number 14 in the diagram, which corresponds to its mass number. The mass number of an atom is the sum of its protons and neutrons, and carbon-14 has 6 protons and 8 neutrons, giving it a mass number of 14.

Carbon-14 is a specific isotope of carbon, which means it has a different number of neutrons compared to the most common form of carbon (carbon-12). The atomic number of carbon is 6, which represents the number of protons in the nucleus. The atomic mass of carbon-14 is 14, which represents the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus. Therefore, to determine the number of neutrons in carbon-14, we subtract the atomic number from the atomic mass: 14 - 6 = 8. Hence, there are 8 neutrons in an atom of carbon-14.

An oxygen atom typically has 8 protons, 8 neutrons, and 8 electrons. However, in this case, there are only 7 electrons, which means that one electron is missing. When an atom gains or loses electrons, it becomes an ion. In this case, since the atom has gained an extra electron, it would be considered an oxygen ion. Therefore, the statement "An atom that has 8 protons, 8 neutrons, and 7 electrons would be considered an oxygen ion" is true.

The atomic number of an element represents the number of protons in its nucleus. In the case of carbon-14, the element is carbon, which has an atomic number of 6. Therefore, the correct answer is 6.

An atom that contains an unequal number of protons and electrons is called an ion. Ions are formed when an atom gains or loses electrons, resulting in a net positive or negative charge. This imbalance in the number of protons and electrons gives ions distinctive chemical properties and allows them to participate in chemical reactions.

The weighted average atomic mass of chlorine is calculated by multiplying the mass of each isotope by its relative abundance, and then summing these values. In this case, we have two isotopes of chlorine: Cl-35 and Cl-37. Cl-35 has a mass of 34.969 amu and a relative abundance of 75.7%, while Cl-37 has a mass of 36.965 amu and a relative abundance of 24.3%. To calculate the weighted average atomic mass, we multiply the mass of Cl-35 by its relative abundance and the mass of Cl-37 by its relative abundance, and then sum these values. The result is 35.5 amu, which is the weighted average atomic mass of chlorine.

The weighted average atomic mass of silver is calculated by multiplying the mass of each isotope by its abundance, then summing these values. In this case, the mass of Ag-107 (106.905 amu) is multiplied by its abundance (51.84%) and the mass of Ag-109 (108.905 amu) is multiplied by its abundance (48.16%). Adding these two values gives the weighted average atomic mass of silver as 107.8682 amu. Therefore, the correct answer is 107.8682.

The weighted average atomic mass of gallium can be calculated by multiplying the mass of each isotope by its abundance, and then summing these values. For Ga-69, the calculation is (68.926 amu * 0.6010) = 41.427826 amu. For Ga-71, the calculation is (70.925 amu * 0.3990) = 28.285275 amu. Adding these values together gives a total of 69.713101 amu, which can be rounded to 69.7.

An atom with 9 protons, 10 neutrons, and 9 electrons would not be considered an isotope of fluorine. The atomic number of fluorine is 9, which represents the number of protons in its nucleus. Therefore, any atom with 9 protons would be considered fluorine. However, the number of neutrons in an atom can vary, resulting in different isotopes of the same element. In this case, the atom has 10 neutrons, which is not a characteristic of any known fluorine isotope. Therefore, the statement is false.