2-1. Atoms, Molecules And Ions

The identity of an element is determined by the number of protons because the number of protons in an atom is unique to each element. This number is known as the atomic number and it defines the element's properties and place in the periodic table. Changing the number of protons would result in a different element altogether. Therefore, the statement "The identity of an element is determined by the number of protons" is true.

The atomic number of an element represents the number of protons in the nucleus of its atom. Since protons carry a positive charge, the atomic number also indicates the number of electrons in a neutral atom. Therefore, the statement "The atomic number is the same as the number of protons" is true because the atomic number uniquely identifies an element based on the number of protons in its atom.

The identity of an element is determined by the number of protons in its nucleus, which is known as the atomic number. The number of neutrons can vary within an element, resulting in different isotopes of the same element. Therefore, the statement that the identity of an element is determined by the number of neutrons is false.

The mass number of an atom is the sum of its protons and neutrons. In this case, the ion has 53 protons and 74 neutrons, so the sum of these two numbers is 127. Therefore, the mass number of the ion is 127.

Based on the given information, the ion contains 53 protons and 54 electrons. Since the number of protons determines the identity of an element, and iodine has 53 protons, it can be concluded that the ion is iodine.

The correct answer is Carbon because the question asks for the identity of element X, and Carbon is the only option provided that could potentially be element X. The other options (Silicon and Oxygen) are not relevant to the question.

The given ion contains 54 electrons and 53 protons. Since electrons are negatively charged and protons are positively charged, the ion has one more electron than protons, resulting in a net negative charge of -1. Therefore, the correct answer is -1.

The mass number of an element is the sum of its protons and neutrons. Since the mass number of the element is given as 24 amu, it is not possible to determine the identity of the element based on this information alone. The charge of -1 indicates that the element has gained an electron, but this information is not sufficient to identify the element. Therefore, more information is required to answer this question.

The atomic number is the number of protons in an atom, which can be determined from the atomic notation. The mass number is the sum of the number of protons and neutrons, so it can also be determined. The number of neutrons can be calculated by subtracting the atomic number from the mass number. Therefore, all of the values listed can be determined given the atomic notation.