P.E. High School (Health A) Final Exam Murdock 2014

The statement "Only women are affected by eating disorders" is false. Eating disorders can affect both men and women. While it is true that eating disorders are more commonly associated with women, men can also develop eating disorders such as anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge eating disorder. These disorders can have serious physical and psychological consequences for both genders.

Heartburn is caused by stomach acid leaking into the esophagus. When the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) weakens or relaxes, stomach acid can flow back up into the esophagus, causing a burning sensation in the chest known as heartburn. This can happen due to various factors such as certain foods, obesity, pregnancy, hiatal hernia, or certain medications. The acid irritates the lining of the esophagus, leading to discomfort and a burning sensation. Therefore, stomach acid leaking into the esophagus is the correct explanation for heartburn.

Addiction refers to a condition where a person loses control over their drug use. It is characterized by compulsive drug-seeking behavior, despite negative consequences. This includes an inability to stop using the drug, cravings, and a strong desire to use it. Addiction is a chronic brain disorder that affects the reward and motivation systems, leading to a cycle of drug dependence and continued drug use. It is often accompanied by physical and psychological dependence, tolerance, and withdrawal symptoms when the drug is discontinued.

Having a hereditary disease in your family increases the likelihood that you will develop a certain disease. This is because certain genetic factors that contribute to the disease are passed down from generation to generation. While it does not guarantee that you will develop the disease, it does mean that you have an increased risk compared to someone without a family history of the disease.

Collaborating with parents is beneficial because they have a unique perspective and knowledge about their child. They can provide valuable insights and information that can assist in making informed decisions. Additionally, involving parents in the decision-making process fosters a sense of partnership and mutual respect, leading to better outcomes for the child. Therefore, it can be concluded that collaborating with parents usually results in making great decisions.

This statement is generally not true as family plays a significant role in shaping an individual's behaviors and decisions. Family members can have a strong influence on one's values, beliefs, and attitudes, which in turn affect their behaviors and decisions. Family upbringing, cultural norms, and shared experiences within the family unit all contribute to shaping an individual's behavior and decision-making process. Therefore, it can be concluded that family does influence an individual's behaviors and decisions, making the correct answer false.

All of these examples - drinking, drugs, and smoking - can create pressures and threats to an individual's physical and mental well-being. Engaging in excessive drinking can lead to health issues, impaired judgment, and risky behavior. Drug use can result in addiction, overdose, and negative consequences on personal relationships and overall functioning. Smoking tobacco can cause various health problems, including lung cancer and heart disease. Therefore, all three options pose potential threats and pressures to individuals.

Short-term goals are goals that can be achieved quickly. Unlike long-term goals that require months or years to accomplish, short-term goals are more immediate and can be completed in a shorter period of time. These goals are typically smaller in scale and often serve as stepping stones towards larger objectives. By focusing on short-term goals, individuals can experience a sense of accomplishment and progress, which can motivate them to continue working towards their long-term aspirations.

Long-term goals are goals that take months or years to achieve. This means that they require a significant amount of time and effort to accomplish, and often involve a series of smaller steps or milestones along the way. Long-term goals are typically more complex and require sustained commitment and dedication in order to be successful. They are not achieved quickly or in a short amount of time, unlike the other options provided.

It is not possible to reach a long-term goal overnight. Long-term goals require time, effort, and consistent work to achieve. They often involve a series of smaller steps and milestones that need to be accomplished over a period of time. Achieving a long-term goal requires patience, perseverance, and dedication. It is unrealistic to expect immediate results or overnight success when working towards a long-term goal.

This statement is false because people with high self-esteem generally have a strong sense of self-worth and confidence. They are more likely to respect their own values and beliefs because they have a positive self-image and trust in their own judgment. High self-esteem allows individuals to assert their opinions and stand up for what they believe in, rather than compromising their values.

Active listening involves fully engaging with the speaker, showing interest, and providing feedback to let them know that you are paying attention. It includes clarifying any confusing points and demonstrating understanding through verbal and non-verbal cues. This helps to create a supportive and open communication environment, allowing for effective understanding and problem-solving.

The fight-or-flight response is a physiological reaction that occurs in response to a perceived threat or stressor. It prepares the body to either confront the stressor or flee from it. This response involves various physical changes, such as increased heart rate, heightened senses, and the release of stress hormones like adrenaline. These changes help the body to respond quickly and appropriately to the stressor, either by fighting it or escaping from it.

During fight-or-flight, the body experiences a physiological response to a perceived threat or danger. This response can be accompanied by both positive and negative emotions. Eustress refers to positive stress that can motivate and energize individuals, while distress refers to negative stress that can cause anxiety and harm. Therefore, it is true that during fight-or-flight, the body can feel both eustress and distress depending on the individual's perception of the situation.

During the stage of acceptance, individuals start to come to terms with the loss they have experienced. They begin to understand and acknowledge the reality of the situation, and gradually let go of any denial or resistance. This stage involves facing and processing the emotions associated with the loss, and finding ways to adapt and move forward. It is a crucial step in the healing process, as it allows individuals to start rebuilding their lives and finding new meaning and purpose.

Negotiation is a process of reaching a mutually agreeable solution to a conflict through bargaining or compromise. It involves the participation of a trained outsider who facilitates the discussion and helps the conflicting parties find a peaceful resolution. This technique focuses on finding common ground and reaching a middle ground that satisfies both parties' interests, rather than resorting to violence or intimidation.

The statement "Protein in our diet only comes from animal meat" is false. While animal meat is a common source of protein, it is not the only source. Plant-based foods such as legumes, grains, nuts, and seeds also contain protein. Additionally, there are various plant-based protein alternatives available for those who follow a vegetarian or vegan diet. Therefore, it is incorrect to say that protein in our diet only comes from animal meat.

Dehydration occurs when the body loses more water than it takes in. This can happen due to various reasons such as excessive sweating, vomiting, diarrhea, or not drinking enough fluids. When the body becomes dehydrated, it lacks the necessary amount of water to carry out its normal functions. This can lead to symptoms such as thirst, dry mouth, fatigue, dizziness, and dark-colored urine. Severe dehydration can be dangerous and may require medical attention. Therefore, dehydration is the correct answer in this context.

As an individual enters adulthood, the growth in height gradually slows down and eventually stops. This is because the growth plates in the long bones of the body fuse together, which leads to the cessation of vertical growth. Therefore, it is true that as you enter adulthood, growth in height slows and stops.

The correct answer is brown rice or a baked potato with the skin because these options are healthier alternatives to white rice. Brown rice is a whole grain that contains more fiber, vitamins, and minerals compared to white rice. It also has a lower glycemic index, which means it causes a slower rise in blood sugar levels. Similarly, a baked potato with the skin is a good choice as it provides more fiber and nutrients compared to white rice. Additionally, the skin of the potato contains antioxidants and potassium.

Appetite can be triggered by many factors, such as the sight or smell of food, social cues, or emotional states. These triggers can make a person feel the desire to eat, even if they are not physically hungry. Therefore, it is true that appetite does not necessarily mean that a person is hungry.

The correct answer is marijuana. Marijuana refers to the dried flowers or leaves of the cannabis sativa plant. It is commonly used for recreational and medicinal purposes due to its psychoactive effects. The term "marijuana" is widely recognized and used to describe this specific form of cannabis.

The statement "Influences are always unhealthy" is incorrect. Influences can be both positive and negative. It depends on the nature of the influence and how it affects an individual. Positive influences can inspire, motivate, and guide individuals towards personal growth and success. On the other hand, negative influences can lead to detrimental behaviors, habits, or beliefs. Therefore, influences can be healthy or unhealthy depending on their impact on an individual's well-being.

People with high self-esteem tend to take care of themselves, as they value their own well-being and prioritize self-care. Additionally, individuals with high self-esteem do not harm themselves, as they have a positive self-image and do not engage in self-destructive behaviors. Furthermore, people with high self-esteem do not criticize themselves excessively, as they have a healthy level of self-acceptance and self-compassion. Therefore, the correct answer is "all of the above."

Resiliency is defined as the ability to recover from illness, hardship, and other stressors. It refers to the capacity to bounce back and adapt in the face of adversity or challenging situations. This includes being able to cope with and overcome difficulties, setbacks, and obstacles in life. Resiliency involves emotional, mental, and physical strength, as well as the ability to maintain a positive outlook and persevere through challenging circumstances.

The violent episode phase refers to a period in a cycle of domestic violence where an act of physical violence takes place. This phase is characterized by an escalation of tension and conflict between the individuals involved, leading to an explosive outburst of aggression. It is a critical stage in understanding the dynamics of abusive relationships, as it highlights the immediate danger and harm inflicted upon the victim.

Body composition refers to the ratio of lean body tissue to body fat tissue. It is a measure of the different components that make up a person's body, including muscle, bone, and fat. Understanding body composition is important for assessing overall health and physical fitness. A healthy body composition typically indicates a higher amount of lean body tissue and a lower amount of body fat tissue. Maintaining a healthy body composition is associated with lower risks of chronic diseases and improved flexibility.

Setting specific goals for exercise is important for several reasons. Firstly, having clear goals helps to provide direction and focus to your workouts. It allows you to have a clear plan and know what you are working towards. Secondly, specific goals help to track progress and measure success. By setting specific targets, you can monitor your improvements over time and stay motivated. Lastly, specific goals help to increase accountability. When you have a specific goal in mind, you are more likely to stay committed and disciplined in your exercise routine. Overall, setting specific goals is an effective strategy to maximize the benefits of exercise.

Weight management refers to a program that includes sensible eating and exercise habits to maintain a healthy weight. This program helps individuals to monitor and control their weight by making healthy food choices and engaging in regular physical activity. It emphasizes the importance of maintaining a balanced diet and incorporating exercise into daily routines. By following a weight management program, individuals can prevent weight gain and reduce the risk of obesity-related health issues.

The correct answer is not taking part in physical activity on a regular basis. This is because a sedentary lifestyle refers to a lack of physical activity and a tendency to sit or remain inactive for long periods of time. It is characterized by a lack of regular exercise or participation in physical activities, which can have negative effects on overall health and well-being.

People with high self-esteem are less likely to let others pressure them to take part in risky behavior. This is because individuals with high self-esteem have a strong sense of self-worth and confidence in their own abilities and values. They are more likely to resist negative influences and make decisions based on their own judgment rather than succumbing to peer pressure. High self-esteem provides a protective barrier against external pressures and allows individuals to assert their own choices and stand up for what they believe in.

Paraphrasing refers to the act of restating what someone else said using your own words. It involves understanding the message and then expressing it in a different way, while still maintaining the original meaning. This skill is commonly used in communication to ensure accurate understanding and to show that you are actively engaged in the conversation. Active listening and empathy, on the other hand, are related but distinct concepts that involve fully focusing on and understanding the speaker's words and emotions.

A defense mechanism is an unconscious thought or behavior that is used to avoid experiencing unpleasant emotions. It is a way for the mind to protect itself from emotional pain or discomfort by redirecting or suppressing these feelings. Defense mechanisms can take various forms, such as denial, repression, projection, or rationalization. They serve as a protective barrier against anxiety or distressing thoughts and help maintain psychological stability.

ADHD, which stands for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, is indeed a life-long condition. It is a neurodevelopmental disorder that typically begins in childhood and continues into adulthood. While symptoms may change and evolve over time, individuals with ADHD generally experience difficulties with attention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity throughout their lives. It is important to note that ADHD is a chronic condition that requires ongoing management and support.

Minerals are a class of nutrients that are chemical elements that are needed for certain processes, such as enzyme activity and bone formation. This explanation accurately describes minerals as essential nutrients that are required in small amounts for various physiological functions in the body. Minerals play a crucial role in enzyme activity, which is necessary for carrying out biochemical reactions. Additionally, minerals are vital for bone formation, as they contribute to the structural integrity and strength of bones.

Admitting you made the wrong decision isn't always easy. This statement suggests that acknowledging and accepting that you have made a mistake can be challenging. It implies that there may be situations where admitting a wrong decision might be difficult due to various reasons such as pride, fear of judgment, or the consequences that may follow. However, it does not imply that admitting a wrong decision is impossible or should only be done once a year.

During the stage of grief known as depression, individuals experience a profound sense of sadness. This stage is characterized by feelings of hopelessness, low energy, and a loss of interest in activities. It is a normal and necessary part of the grieving process, allowing individuals to acknowledge and process their emotions.

Peer mediation is a technique where a trained outsider, who is of the same age as the individuals involved in a conflict, assists them in reaching a peaceful resolution. This approach involves the mediator facilitating communication, understanding, and compromise between the conflicting parties. The mediator does not use fear, control, threats, or physical force to resolve the conflict. Instead, they promote peaceful dialogue and help the individuals find a mutually agreeable solution.

A fixed number of repetitions followed by a rest period is referred to as a "set". In fitness training, a set is a specific number of repetitions of an exercise that is performed consecutively, followed by a short rest period. This allows the muscles to recover and prepare for the next set. Sets are commonly used in strength training to build muscle and improve overall fitness.

The statement "All drugs contain chemicals" is true because drugs, whether they are prescription medications or illicit substances, are composed of chemical compounds. These chemical compounds are responsible for producing the desired effects or therapeutic benefits of the drugs. Therefore, it can be concluded that all drugs inherently contain chemicals.

If your parents smoke, it is likely that you have been exposed to smoking from a young age and have witnessed it as a regular behavior in your household. As a result, you may perceive smoking as a normal and acceptable activity. This answer implies that one's perception of smoking as normal can be influenced by the behavior of their parents.

An asset is defined as a skill or resource that can help a person reach a goal. It refers to something that is valuable and advantageous for achieving a desired outcome or objective. In the context of personal development or success, assets can include various qualities, abilities, or possessions that contribute to an individual's progress and effectiveness in attaining their goals.

The correct answer is honeymoon phase. This phase refers to a period of calm and harmony in a relationship after a conflict or disagreement. It is characterized by reconciliation, forgiveness, and a renewed sense of intimacy and closeness between the couple. During this phase, both partners may make efforts to resolve their issues, communicate effectively, and rebuild trust. It is a time of peace and positivity, where the couple focuses on strengthening their bond and enjoying each other's company.

The ability to recognize reality and cope with the demands of daily life refers to an individual's mental health. Mental health encompasses a person's emotional, psychological, and social well-being, allowing them to handle stress, make rational decisions, and maintain healthy relationships. It involves having a positive mindset, managing emotions effectively, and being resilient in the face of challenges. Therefore, mental health is the correct answer in this context.

Smoking is considered the single most preventable cause of death in the United States because it is a known risk factor for various serious health conditions such as heart disease, lung cancer, and respiratory diseases. The harmful effects of smoking on the body are well-documented, and quitting smoking greatly reduces the risk of developing these diseases. Therefore, by making the decision to quit smoking or never start in the first place, individuals can significantly decrease their chances of premature death.

Emotions are not categorized as good or bad because they are natural and valid reactions to different situations. Emotions serve a purpose in helping us understand and navigate the world around us. It is important to recognize and accept all emotions, whether positive or negative, as they provide valuable information about our experiences and can guide our actions. Labeling emotions as good or bad can lead to judgment and suppression, which may have negative consequences on our mental and emotional well-being. Therefore, it is true that emotions are not categorized as good or bad.

The question asks for the component of health-related fitness that is NOT included in the list. The options provided include muscular strength, cardiorespiratory endurance, mental benefits, and muscular endurance. The term "mental benefits" does not fit into the category of physical fitness components, as it refers to the psychological advantages gained from exercise rather than a specific physical attribute. Therefore, mental benefits is the correct answer as it does not belong to the five components of health-related fitness.

School is not considered a factor for alcoholism because it does not directly contribute to the development or risk of alcohol addiction. Factors such as social environment, age, and genetics have been found to play a significant role in the likelihood of developing alcoholism. However, school itself does not have a direct influence on alcoholism, although it can indirectly impact an individual's social environment and peer pressure, which may contribute to alcohol misuse.

ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) is not an anxiety disorder. It is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by difficulties in paying attention, hyperactivity, and impulsiveness. While anxiety can be a common co-occurring condition with ADHD, it is not classified as an anxiety disorder itself. Anxiety disorders, on the other hand, include conditions such as panic disorder, phobias, and compulsions.

The six classes of nutrients are carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, and water. Dairy is not one of the six classes of nutrients, as it is a food group that contains nutrients such as calcium, protein, and vitamins, but it is not classified as a nutrient itself.