AP Psych Ch 5 Quiz

Depressant drugs have the ability to inhibit the central nervous system, which results in a decrease in mental and physical activity. These drugs work by slowing down the transmission of signals in the brain, leading to a calming effect on the body. Examples of depressant drugs include alcohol, sedatives, and tranquilizers.

Night terrors are more severe than nightmares. Night terrors are episodes of intense fear and panic that occur during sleep, usually in the first few hours after falling asleep. They are often accompanied by screaming, thrashing, and a sense of extreme terror. Nightmares, on the other hand, are bad dreams that can cause fear and anxiety but are not as intense as night terrors. Nightmares can occur during any stage of sleep and are usually easily remembered upon waking up. Night terrors, however, are often not remembered or only vaguely remembered.

Using electronic devices such as TVs and computers before bed can negatively affect sleep quality. The blue light emitted by these devices can suppress the production of melatonin, a hormone that helps regulate sleep. Additionally, engaging with stimulating content or work-related tasks can make it harder to relax and unwind before sleep. It is recommended to avoid using TV and computers in the hours leading up to bedtime to promote better sleep.

Narcolepsy is a sleep disorder characterized by sudden and uncontrollable episodes of sleep during the day. People with narcolepsy experience excessive daytime sleepiness and may suddenly fall asleep, even in inappropriate situations such as while talking or eating. This condition is often accompanied by cataplexy, which is a sudden loss of muscle tone triggered by strong emotions. Therefore, if someone suddenly slips into REM sleep during the day and falls down as a result, it is likely a symptom of narcolepsy.

Circadian rhythms refer to biological clocks, which are internal processes that regulate various physiological and behavioral changes in organisms over a 24-hour cycle. These rhythms control sleep-wake patterns, hormone production, body temperature, and other bodily functions. They are influenced by external cues such as light and darkness and help maintain the body's overall homeostasis.

Everyone dreams every night. Many people just fail to remember their dreams.

REM stands for Rapid Eye Movement. During this stage of sleep, the eyes move rapidly, and it is associated with vivid dreaming. This stage is characterized by increased brain activity, faster heart rate, and irregular breathing. REM sleep is essential for various cognitive functions, including memory consolidation and emotional processing.

Deprivation of REM sleep for a few nights can lead to REM rebound during the next night's sleep. REM rebound refers to an increased amount and intensity of REM sleep after a period of REM sleep deprivation. It is a compensatory response by the body to make up for the lost REM sleep. This rebound effect is characterized by longer and more frequent REM sleep episodes, which can result in vivid dreams and increased brain activity during sleep.

Sleep apnea is a sleep disorder characterized by pauses in breathing or shallow breaths during sleep. These interruptions in breathing can last for a few seconds to minutes and can occur multiple times throughout the night. This condition can lead to poor sleep quality, daytime sleepiness, and other health issues. Therefore, the correct answer is "An interruption in breathing during sleep."

The statement that the craving for nicotine subsides in about a month is false. Nicotine addiction can vary from person to person, and the duration of cravings can also vary. While some individuals may experience a decrease in cravings after a month, others may continue to experience cravings for a longer period of time. It is important to note that quitting smoking or nicotine use is a highly individualized process, and the duration of cravings can depend on various factors such as the individual's smoking history, level of nicotine dependence, and the strategies they employ to manage cravings.

Night terrors are more common in children. Night terrors are a sleep disorder characterized by sudden awakening with intense fear and a sense of panic. They often occur in the first few hours of sleep and can cause screaming, thrashing, and a rapid heart rate. While nightmares are also common in children, night terrors are different as they usually happen during non-REM sleep and are often not remembered in detail afterward.

During sleep, the brain is actually quite active. It goes through different stages of sleep, including REM (rapid eye movement) sleep, which is associated with dreaming and increased brain activity. While it is true that certain parts of the brain may rest or reduce activity during sleep, overall, the brain is still functioning and performing important functions such as memory consolidation and restoration of energy. Therefore, the statement that the brain rests during sleep is false.

The statement suggests that marijuana is free of most adverse side effects, which is not true. While marijuana may have some potential medical benefits, it is not without its side effects. Common adverse effects include impaired memory and cognition, increased heart rate, respiratory issues, and potential addiction. Additionally, long-term use of marijuana has been linked to mental health issues such as anxiety, depression, and psychosis. Therefore, the statement is false.

As Mary continues to sleep, her stage 4 sleep will diminish and her REM sleep will increase in duration. This is because stage 4 sleep is the deepest stage of sleep characterized by slow brain waves and deep relaxation. As sleep progresses, the amount of time spent in stage 4 decreases. On the other hand, REM sleep is the stage of sleep associated with dreaming and increased brain activity. As the sleep cycle repeats throughout the night, the duration of REM sleep tends to increase, while the duration of stage 4 sleep decreases.

Night terrors, also known as sleep terrors, occur during Stage Four of sleep. Stage Four is the deepest stage of non-REM sleep, also known as slow-wave sleep. During this stage, the brain produces slow delta waves, and it is difficult to wake a person up. Night terrors are characterized by sudden awakenings from sleep with intense fear, screaming, and physical agitation. They often occur in children and can be distressing for both the person experiencing them and their loved ones.

The manifest content of a dream refers to the storyline because Freud believed that dreams have a hidden meaning and that the storyline of a dream is a representation of the dreamer's unconscious desires, thoughts, and emotions. The storyline of a dream is the sequence of events and actions that occur within the dream, and analyzing this storyline can provide insight into the dreamer's subconscious mind.

Alpha waves are electrical patterns that are typically present in the brain when a person is in a relaxed but awake state. These waves have a frequency of 8 to 12 Hz and are commonly observed during activities such as meditation or daydreaming. They are not associated with REM waves (which occur during the dream stage of sleep) or the different stages of sleep (stages 2, 3, and 4). Therefore, the correct answer is that alpha waves are associated with a relaxed but awake state.

Freud believed that dreams have two levels of content: manifest and latent. The manifest content refers to the actual storyline and events that occur in the dream, while the latent content represents the underlying, symbolic meaning of the dream. The latent content is often censored and represents the personally threatening or repressed desires, anxieties, and conflicts of the dreamer. Therefore, the correct answer is latent content.

Cocaine is known for its fast-acting effects on the brain, causing an intense rush of euphoria. The drug quickly increases levels of dopamine, a neurotransmitter associated with pleasure and reward. However, the effects of cocaine are short-lived, leading to a rapid crash as the drug wears off. This crash can result in feelings of depression, fatigue, and irritability. Therefore, cocaine offers the fastest track from euphoria to crash compared to marijuana, heroin, and ecstasy.

The statement "Adverse effects of Ecstasy are heart disease and cancer" is false. Ecstasy, also known as MDMA, is a synthetic drug that primarily affects the brain and nervous system. While it can have various negative effects on the body, such as increased heart rate and blood pressure, it is not directly linked to heart disease or cancer. However, it is important to note that Ecstasy can still be harmful and have other adverse effects on physical and mental health.

The suprachiasmatic nucleus is a small region in the hypothalamus that regulates the body's internal clock. When light begins to fade at the end of the day, the suprachiasmatic nucleus signals the hypothalamus, which in turn signals the pineal gland to release melatonin. Melatonin is a hormone that helps regulate sleep-wake cycles and is typically released in response to darkness. Therefore, the correct answer is hypothalamus; melatonin.

As we grow closer to the morning, our sleep pattern goes through different stages. One of these stages is REM (Rapid Eye Movement) sleep. REM sleep is characterized by rapid eye movements, vivid dreaming, and increased brain activity. It is believed to be important for cognitive function and memory consolidation. As the night progresses, we tend to spend more time in REM sleep, which is why the correct answer is "we spend more time in REM sleep."

An individual's desire to take a "siesta" in the afternoon is driven by circadian rhythms. Circadian rhythms are internal biological processes that regulate sleep-wake cycles and are influenced by factors such as light exposure and the body's internal clock. In the afternoon, many people experience a natural dip in alertness and energy levels, which is a result of their circadian rhythm. This dip in energy can make individuals feel tired and inclined to take a nap or rest during this time of day.

Marijuana is the correct answer because it is a drug that can be used in smaller amounts to achieve the same effect over time. This is due to the development of tolerance, where the body becomes accustomed to the drug and requires higher doses to produce the desired effect. With marijuana, users often find that they need to consume more of the drug to experience the same level of high as they did initially.

Hypnosis has been shown to induce amnesia for what happens during the hypnotic state, provide pain relief without medication, and alter sensory perceptions. However, it does not regress people back to their early childhood experiences. Regression therapy, which involves accessing and reliving past memories, is a separate technique and not a characteristic of hypnosis.