Unit 2 - Cell Structures Test

The cell wall is like the walls, foundation, & roof of a building because it provides support and protection.

Vaccines introduce a weakened or inactive virus into an organism. The organism then produces antibodies to that virus, which make the organism immune to future infections.

Vacuoles are storage areas in plant cells. They store mostly water. Plants will have 1 large central vacuole. Animal cells will either have several small vacuoles or none.

The cell membrane forms a boundary between the cytoplasm and the outer environment.

The cell membrane acts like a gate-keeper, receptionist, or security guard because it regulates (controls) which materials can come in or go out of the cell.

The nucleus contains the instructions for making proteins (DNA) but it does not make the proteins. That is what the ribosome does.

Smooth ER makes lipids & does not contain ribosomes. It is not involved in protein production/modification.

Eukaryotes have a nucleus with DNA and membrane-bound organelles.

Chloroplasts are only found in plant cells, NEVER in animal cells.

The cytoskeleton is responsible for movement and maintaining cell shape.

Chloroplasts make food (glucose) for plant cells.

Viruses evolve, reproduce, and have a genetic code (DNA or RNA).
They do NOT meet the other characteristics of life.

organelles (cell structures) are the smallest & make up cells. Organisms are the largest.

Prokaryotes do not have a nucleus or membrane-bound organelles.

Lysosome contains digestive enzymes that break down large molecules, invading bacteria, and damaged organelles. It acts like a janitor.

The Golgi apparatus is responsible for sorting & packaging proteins to be exported from the cell.

Animal cells do not have a cell wall but plant cells do.

DNA is the instructions for making proteins.
Ribosomes make proteins.
Cytoplasm and cytosol are the same thing = cell jelly (not directly involved in making proteins)

After the protein is made by the ribosome, the Rough ER modifies the proteins and then sends them to the Golgi to be packaged and exported.

Both prokaryotes and eukaryotes (all cells) contain cell membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes, & DNA.

Mitochondria produce energy SO cells that need a lot of energy will need more mitochondria.

Lysosomes are found in animal cells but are usually NOT found in plant cells. Both plant and animal cells contain a cell membrane and mitochodria. Plants usually have 1 large vacuole.

Viruses do not have "tails." Viruses are not cells. A capsid is the same thing as a protein coat.
Viruses are made of 2 things: nucleic acids (DNA/RNA) on the inside & protein on the outside

Eukaryotes have a nucleus. Prokaryotes do NOT have a nucleus.

Smooth ER is responsible for detox and making lipids to repair the cell membrane (like the school nurse)

Viruses force cells to reproduce the virus. Viruses can not make anything themselves. They must have a host.

Viruses are not cells and so they are not considered living. They do evolve, reproduce, & contain DNA.

Mitochondria make energy for the cell.

All cells contain the following: cell membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes, DNA & RNA
Prokaryotes do NOT have a nucleus or membrane-bound organelles like chloroplasts & mitochondria.

All cells (prokaryotes & eukaryotes) will have a cell membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes, & DNA/RNA.

If the chemical disrupts the proteins from being made, it must act on the organelle that makes proteins. Ribosomes make proteins.

Viruses are not cells and so they are not considered living. They do evolve, reproduce, & contain DNA.

Bacteria (prokaryotes) will have a cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes, & DNA/RNA.
Prokaryotes do not have a nucleus or membrane-bound organelles like chloroplasts.

The nucleolus makes ribosomes. The nucleus control's the cell. The cell membrane contains cytosol. The ribosomes make proteins.