Biology Unit 5 Exam

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  • 1/49 Questions

    What contains the instructions for making proteins?

    • DNA sequences called genes
    • RNA molecules called transfer RNA
    • Organelles called ribosomes
    • DNA, tRNA, and ribosomes
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Biology Unit 5 Exam - Quiz
About This Quiz

The 'Biology Unit 5 Exam' assesses understanding of fundamental genetic processes. It covers DNA's role in protein synthesis, the mechanics of transcription and translation, and the genetic code's structure. Essential for students mastering biology concepts.

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  • 2. 

    What is produced during transcription?

    • RNA polymerase

    • TRNA molecules

    • Proteins

    • MRNA molecules

    Correct Answer
    A. MRNA molecules
    Explanation
    Transcription is the process of making mRNA using DNA as a pattern.

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  • 3. 

    What happens during the process of translation?

    • Messenger RNA is made from DNA.

    • The cell uses information from messenger RNA to produce proteins.

    • Transfer RNA is made from messenger RNA.

    • Copies of DNA molecules are made.

    Correct Answer
    A. The cell uses information from messenger RNA to produce proteins.
    Explanation
    Translation is the process of building a protein. mRNA is the copy of the instructions. tRNA decodes mRNA & transfers the amino acids. rRNA bonds the amino acids together.

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  • 4. 

    How many codons are needed to specify one amino acid? (Hint: It is NOT asking for the number of nitrogen bases.)

    • 1

    • 3

    • 6

    • 20

    Correct Answer
    A. 1
    Explanation
    1 codon = 1 amino acid

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  • 5. 

    How many nitrogen bases are needed to specify one amino acid? (Hint: It is NOT asking for the number of codons.)

    • 1

    • 3

    • 4

    • 5

    Correct Answer
    A. 3
    Explanation
    3 bases = 1 codon = 1 amino acid

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  • 6. 

    How many codons are needed to specify three amino acids? (Hint: It is NOT asking for the number of nitrogen bases.)

    • 1

    • 3

    • 6

    • 9

    Correct Answer
    A. 3
    Explanation
    3 codons = 3 amino acids

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  • 7. 

    Where does transcription occur?

    • Nucleus

    • Nucleolus

    • Cytoplasm

    • Ribosome

    Correct Answer
    A. Nucleus
    Explanation
    Transcription occurs in the nucleus because that is where the DNA is.

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  • 8. 

    Where does translation occur?

    • Nucleus

    • Nucleolus

    • Cytoplasm

    • Ribosome

    Correct Answer
    A. Ribosome
    Explanation
    Translation happens at the ribosome. That is where the protein is assembled.

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  • 9. 

    Which type of RNA is made during transcription and functions as a “blueprint” for protein synthesis?

    • MRNA

    • RRNA

    • TRNA

    • RNA polymerase

    Correct Answer
    A. MRNA
    Explanation
    DNA is copied into mRNA during transcription. mRNA acts as a copy of the instructions that goes to the ribosome so the protein can be assembled.

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  • 10. 

    Which type of RNA is responsible for decoding the instructions and delivering the amino acid to the ribosome?

    • MRNA

    • RRNA

    • RNA polymerase

    • TRNA

    Correct Answer
    A. TRNA
    Explanation
    tRNA decodes (translates) the codons on mRNA using anticodons. It also delivers (transfers) amino acids to the ribosome in the correct sequence.

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  • 11. 

    Which type of RNA is responsible for bonding amino acids together to form a polypeptide?

    • MRNA

    • RRNA

    • RNA polymerase

    • TRNA

    Correct Answer
    A. RRNA
    Explanation
    rRNA forms peptide bonds between amino acids in order to build the polypeptide.

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  • 12. 

    Which of the following is the enzyme responsible for copying a gene into the complementary sequence of RNA during transcription?

    • Helicase

    • MRNA

    • RNA polymerase

    • DNA polymerase

    Correct Answer
    A. RNA polymerase
    Explanation
    RNA polymerase is the enzyme that builds mRNA.
    Helicase & DNA polymerase are involved in DNA replication.

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  • 13. 
    This molecule below is an example of the monomer of a protein. What is this molecule called? - ProProfs

    This molecule below is an example of the monomer of a protein. What is this molecule called?

    • Amino acid

    • Carbohydrate

    • Fatty acid

    • Nucleotide

    Correct Answer
    A. Amino acid
    Explanation
    Amino acids are put together to build a protein. Nucleotides are found in nucleic acids (DNA/RNA). Fatty acids are lipids.

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  • 14. 

    The 3 base sequence found on a tRNA molecule is called a ______.  

    • Codon

    • Anticodon

    • Amino acid

    • Polypeptide

    Correct Answer
    A. Anticodon
    Explanation
    Anticodons are on tRNA. They are used to decode the codons on mRNA.
    anTicodon = Trna

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  • 15. 

    The 3 base sequence found on a mRNA molecule is called a ______.  

    • Codon

    • Anticodon

    • Amino acid

    • Polypeptide

    Correct Answer
    A. Codon
    Explanation
    A codon is found on mRNA and codes for a single amino acid.

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  • 16. 

    Another name for a protein is ______.  

    • RNA

    • RNA polymerase

    • Amino acid

    • Polypeptide

    Correct Answer
    A. Polypeptide
    Explanation
    Polypeptides are chains of amino acids bonded together by peptide bonds. It is another name for a protein because there are multiple peptide bonds.

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  • 17. 
    The mRNA sequence GUG-GAG-AGC codes for what amino acid sequence? - ProProfs

    The mRNA sequence GUG-GAG-AGC codes for what amino acid sequence?

    • Trp-Arg-Asp

    • Val-Asp-Arg

    • Leu-Pro-Trp

    • Val-Glu-Ser

    Correct Answer
    A. Val-Glu-Ser
    Explanation
    codon = amino acid
    GUG = Val (Valine)
    GAG = Glu (Glutamine)
    AGC = Ser (Serine)

    NOTE: this will be asking a different sequence on the test. Make sure you know HOW to use the chart.

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  • 18. 
    The mRNA sequence ACU codes for the amino acid Thr. A mutation occurs, and the resulting mRNA sequence is AUU. What amino aci will replace Thr? - ProProfs

    The mRNA sequence ACU codes for the amino acid Thr. A mutation occurs, and the resulting mRNA sequence is AUU. What amino aci will replace Thr?

    • Val

    • Met

    • Ile

    • Ala

    Correct Answer
    A. Ile
    Explanation
    Codon = Amino Acid
    AUU = Ile (Isoleucine)
    NOTE: this will be asking a different sequence on the test. Make sure you know HOW to use the chart.

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  • 19. 
    Persons A and B have similar mRNA sequences with the exception of 1 nucleotide.         Person A: AUGGUUACUAAGGGCUGA         Person B: AUGGUUACUGAGGGCUGA Use the genetic code chart to determine how this difference affects the sequence of amino acids in the resulting protein. - ProProfs

    Persons A and B have similar mRNA sequences with the exception of 1 nucleotide.         Person A: AUGGUUACUAAGGGCUGA         Person B: AUGGUUACUGAGGGCUGA Use the genetic code chart to determine how this difference affects the sequence of amino acids in the resulting protein.

    • Lys in Person A is replaced with Glu in Person B.

    • Phe in Person A is replaced with Leu in Person B.

    • Persons A and B have identical amino acid sequences.

    • A stop codon is generated in Person B and not in Person A.

    Correct Answer
    A. Lys in Person A is replaced with Glu in Person B.
    Explanation
    Person A: AUGGUUACUAAGGGCUGA
    Person B:...........................GAG................
    Person A: AAG = Lys (Lysine)
    Person B: GAG = Glu (Glutamine)
    NOTE: this will be asking a different sequence on the test. Make sure you know HOW to use the chart.

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  • 20. 
    Which of the following is NOT a STOP codon? - ProProfs

    Which of the following is NOT a STOP codon?

    • UGA

    • UAG

    • UAA

    • UGG

    Correct Answer
    A. UGG
    Explanation
    Stop = UGA, UAG, & UAA

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  • 21. 

    Which of the following is a nucleotide found in DNA?

    • Ribose + phosphate group + thymine

    • Ribose + phosphate group + uracil

    • Deoxyribose + phosphate group + uracil

    • Deoxyribose + phosphate group + cytosine

    Correct Answer
    A. Deoxyribose + phosphate group + cytosine
    Explanation
    DNA nucleotide = deoxyribose + phosphate group + C, G, A, or T
    RNA nucleotide = ribose + phosphate group + C, G, A, or U

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  • 22. 

    DNA replication results in two DNA molecules,

    • Each with two new strands.

    • One with two new strands and the other with two original strands.

    • Each with one new strand and one original strand.

    • Each with two original strands.

    Correct Answer
    A. Each with one new strand and one original strand.
    Explanation
    The original strand is used as a template to build the new strand using the rules of base pairing (A=T, G=C). This produces 2 identical DNA molecules.

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  • 23. 

    DNA is copied during a process called

    • Replication.

    • Translation.

    • Transcription.

    • Transformation.

    Correct Answer
    A. Replication.
    Explanation
    DNA replication produces 2 identical molecules of DNA during S phase of interphase.

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  • 24. 

    In eukaryotes, DNA

    • Is located in the nucleus.

    • Floats freely in the cytoplasm.

    • Is located in the ribosomes.

    • Is circular.

    Correct Answer
    A. Is located in the nucleus.
    Explanation
    DNA is found in the nucleus or eukaryotes and in the cytoplasm of prokaryotes.

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  • 25. 

    DNA contains the sugar

    • Ribose.

    • Deoxyribose.

    • Glucose.

    • Lactose.

    Correct Answer
    A. Deoxyribose.
    Explanation
    DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) contains the sugar deoxyribose

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  • 26. 

    Which of the following is a nucleotide found in RNA?

    • Ribose + phosphate group + thymine

    • Ribose + phosphate group + uracil

    • Deoxyribose + phosphate group + uracil

    • Deoxyribose + phosphate group + cytosine

    Correct Answer
    A. Ribose + phosphate group + uracil
    Explanation
    DNA nucleotide = deoxyribose + phosphate group + C, G, A, or T
    RNA nucleotide = ribose + phosphate group + C, G, A, or U

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  • 27. 

    What combines with sugar and a phosphate group to form a nucleotide?

    • Amino acid

    • Deoxyribose

    • Glycerol

    • Nitrogenous base

    Correct Answer
    A. Nitrogenous base
    Explanation
    Nucleotides have a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogen base (G, C, A , T, or U)

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  • 28. 

    Which nucleotide is NOT found in RNA? 

    • Adenine

    • Thymine

    • Guanine

    • Cytosine

    Correct Answer
    A. Thymine
    Explanation
    RNA does not have T. It has Uracil (U) instead.

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  • 29. 

    During DNA replication, which of the following is the enzyme responsible for “unzipping” the DNA by breaking the hydrogen bonds between nucleotides?

    • Helicase

    • MRNA

    • RNA polymerase

    • DNA polymerase

    Correct Answer
    A. Helicase
    Explanation
    Helicase breaks the hydrogen bonds between the 2 strand of DNA. DNA polymerase adds nucleotides to build the new strand of DNA. mRNA is NOT an enzyme. RNA polymerase is used during transcription to make mRNA.

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  • 30. 

    During DNA replication, which of the following is the enzyme responsible for adding nucleotides to form the complementary strand of DNA?

    • Helicase

    • MRNA

    • RNA polymerase

    • DNA polymerase

    Correct Answer
    A. DNA polymerase
    Explanation
    Helicase breaks the hydrogen bonds between the 2 strand of DNA. DNA polymerase adds nucleotides to build the new strand of DNA. mRNA is NOT an enzyme. RNA polymerase is used during transcription to make mRNA.

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  • 31. 

    The process by which a cell’s nucleus divides so that two eukaryotic daughter cells can form is called

    • Interphase.

    • Cytokinesis.

    • Metaphase.

    • Mitosis.

    Correct Answer
    A. Mitosis.
    Explanation
    Mitosis is specifically the division of the nucleus. Cytokinesis is the division of the cytoplasm. Cell division includes both mitosis and cytokinesis.

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  • 32. 

    Which of the following happens when a cell divides?

    • It becomes more difficult for the cell to get enough oxygen and nutrients.

    • The cell has DNA overload.

    • The cell’s volume increases.

    • Each daughter cell receives its own copy of the parent cell’s DNA.

    Correct Answer
    A. Each daughter cell receives its own copy of the parent cell’s DNA.
    Explanation
    DNA overload, difficulty transporting substances, and increasing volume are reasons a cell divides.
    AFTER division, you have 2 cells with identical DNA.

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  • 33. 

    Which pair is correct?

    • G2 phase, preparation for mitosis

    • S phase, cell division

    • G1 phase, DNA replication

    • M phase, cell growth

    Correct Answer
    A. G2 phase, preparation for mitosis
    Explanation
    During interphase: G1 = growth; S = DNA replication; G2 = preparation for mitosis; During M phase = cell division

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  • 34. 

    When during the cell cycle is a cell’s DNA replicated?

    • M phase

    • G2 phase

    • S phase

    • G1 phase

    Correct Answer
    A. S phase
    Explanation
    During interphase: G1 = growth; S = DNA replication; G2 = preparation for mitosis; During M phase = cell division

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  • 35. 

    Which event occurs during interphase?

    • The cell grows.

    • Spindle fibers begin to form.

    • Centromeres divide.

    • Centrioles appear.

    Correct Answer
    A. The cell grows.
    Explanation
    During interphase: G1 = growth; S = DNA replication; G2 = preparation for mitosis

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  • 36. 

    Which of the following is a correct statement about the events of the cell cycle?

    • The M phase is usually the longest phase.

    • DNA replicates during cytokinesis.

    • Interphase consists of the G1, S, and G2 phases.

    • Little happens during the G1 and G2 phases.

    Correct Answer
    A. Interphase consists of the G1, S, and G2 phases.
    Explanation
    Most of the cell cycle consists of Interphase (G1 = growth, S = DNA replication, & G2 = preparation for mitosis.
    Cell Division (M phase) is much shorter and consists of mitosis (division of the nucleus) & cytokinesis (division of the cytoplasm)

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  • 37. 

    The cell cycle is the

    • Time from prophase until cytokinesis.

    • Period of time between the birth and the death of a cell.

    • Time it takes for one cell to undergo mitosis.

    • Series of events that cells go through as they grow and divide.

    Correct Answer
    A. Series of events that cells go through as they grow and divide.
    Explanation
    The cell cycle shows the changes that the cell undergoes as it grows to the point where it is ready to divide. That is NOT the same thing as cell death.
    It includes Interphase (G1, S, G2), Mitosis (prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, & Cytokinesis

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  • 38. 

    Which of the following represents the phases of mitosis in their proper sequence?

    • Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

    • Interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

    • Interphase, prophase, metaphase, telophase

    • Prophase, anaphase, metaphase, telophase

    Correct Answer
    A. Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
    Explanation
    Mitosis = Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, & Telophase. Interphase is NOT part of Mitosis.

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  • 39. 

    The first phase of mitosis is called

    • Prophase.

    • Interphase.

    • Metaphase.

    • Anaphase.

    Correct Answer
    A. Prophase.
    Explanation
    Prophase is the first & longest stage of mitosis. This is where the nucleolus disappears, chromosomes condense, nuclear membrane disappears, and the spindle forms.

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  • 40. 
       Refer to the diagram above. The structure labeled A is called the - ProProfs

       Refer to the diagram above. The structure labeled A is called the

    • Sister chromatid.

    • Centromere.

    • Spindle.

    • Centriole.

    Correct Answer
    A. Centromere.
    Explanation
    The centromere holds the 2 sister chromatids together.

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  • 41. 
    Refer to the diagram above. The structures labeled B are called - ProProfs

    Refer to the diagram above. The structures labeled B are called

    • Centrioles.

    • Sister chromatids.

    • Centromeres.

    • Spindles.

    Correct Answer
    A. Sister chromatids.
    Explanation
    The sister chromatids are identical copies of DNA produced during DNA replication. The entire structure is called the chromosome.

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  • 42. 

    During which phase of mitosis do the chromosomes line up along the middle of the dividing cell?

    • Anaphase

    • Metaphase

    • Prophase

    • Telophase

    Correct Answer
    A. Metaphase
    Explanation
    Prophase = nucleolus disappears, chromatin condenses into chromosomes, nuclear membrane dissolves, & spindle forms
    Metaphase = chromosomes attach to the spindle and are pulled into the middle of the cell
    Anaphase = sister chromatids are pulled apart and move to opposite ends of the cell
    Telophase = sister chromatids unwind into chromatin, spindle breaks down, nuclear membrane reforms, & nucleolus reappears
    Cytokinesis = division of the cytoplasm; occurs during telophase

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  • 43. 
    Refer to the diagram above. Picture A is which phase of mitosis? - ProProfs

    Refer to the diagram above. Picture A is which phase of mitosis?

    • Prophase

    • Metaphase

    • Anaphase

    • Telophase

    Correct Answer
    A. Metaphase
    Explanation
    Prophase = nucleolus disappears, chromatin condenses into chromosomes, nuclear membrane dissolves, & spindle forms
    Metaphase = chromosomes attach to the spindle and are pulled into the middle of the cell
    Anaphase = sister chromatids are pulled apart and move to opposite ends of the cell
    Telophase = sister chromatids unwind into chromatin, spindle breaks down, nuclear membrane reforms, & nucleolus reappears
    Cytokinesis = division of the cytoplasm; occurs during telophase

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  • 44. 
    Refer to the diagram above. Picture B is which phase of mitosis? - ProProfs

    Refer to the diagram above. Picture B is which phase of mitosis?

    • Prophase

    • Metaphase

    • Anaphase

    • Telophase

    Correct Answer
    A. Telophase
    Explanation
    Prophase = nucleolus disappears, chromatin condenses into chromosomes, nuclear membrane dissolves, & spindle forms
    Metaphase = chromosomes attach to the spindle and are pulled into the middle of the cell
    Anaphase = sister chromatids are pulled apart and move to opposite ends of the cell
    Telophase = sister chromatids unwind into chromatin, spindle breaks down, nuclear membrane reforms, & nucleolus reappears
    Cytokinesis = division of the cytoplasm; occurs during telophase

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  • 45. 
    Refer to the diagram above. Picture C is which phase of mitosis? - ProProfs

    Refer to the diagram above. Picture C is which phase of mitosis?

    • Prophase

    • Metaphase

    • Anaphase

    • Telophase

    Correct Answer
    A. Anaphase
    Explanation
    Prophase = nucleolus disappears, chromatin condenses into chromosomes, nuclear membrane dissolves, & spindle forms
    Metaphase = chromosomes attach to the spindle and are pulled into the middle of the cell
    Anaphase = sister chromatids are pulled apart and move to opposite ends of the cell
    Telophase = sister chromatids unwind into chromatin, spindle breaks down, nuclear membrane reforms, & nucleolus reappears
    Cytokinesis = division of the cytoplasm; occurs during telophase

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  • 46. 
    Refer to the diagram above. Picture D is which phase of mitosis? - ProProfs

    Refer to the diagram above. Picture D is which phase of mitosis?

    • Prophase

    • Metaphase

    • Anaphase

    • Telophase

    Correct Answer
    A. Prophase
    Explanation
    Prophase = nucleolus disappears, chromatin condenses into chromosomes, nuclear membrane dissolves, & spindle forms
    Metaphase = chromosomes attach to the spindle and are pulled into the middle of the cell
    Anaphase = sister chromatids are pulled apart and move to opposite ends of the cell
    Telophase = sister chromatids unwind into chromatin, spindle breaks down, nuclear membrane reforms, & nucleolus reappears
    Cytokinesis = division of the cytoplasm; occurs during telophase

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  • 47. 

    What is the role of the spindle during mitosis?

    • It duplicates the DNA.

    • It breaks down the nuclear membrane.

    • It makes the chromosomes visible.

    • It helps separate the chromosomes.

    Correct Answer
    A. It helps separate the chromosomes.
    Explanation
    The spindle is used to separate the sister chromatids of each chromosome during anaphase so that both cells have identical copies of the DNA.

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  • 48. 

    One difference between cell division in plant cells and in animal cells is that plant cells have

    • Centromeres.

    • Chromatin.

    • Centrioles.

    • A cell plate.

    Correct Answer
    A. A cell plate.
    Explanation
    Cytokinesis in Plants = cell plate forms (beginning of a new cell wall)
    Cytokinesis in Animals = cleavage furrow (cell membrane pinches together)

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  • 49. 
    Refer to the diagram above. During which phase(s) of mitosis are chromosomes like the one shown visible? - ProProfs

    Refer to the diagram above. During which phase(s) of mitosis are chromosomes like the one shown visible?

    • Metaphase only

    • Anaphase and prophase

    • Anaphase and interphase

    • Prophase and metaphase

    Correct Answer
    A. Prophase and metaphase
    Explanation
    Chromosomes condense and become visible during Prophase. They line up in the middle during Metaphase. These structures are no longer visible during Anaphase because the sister chromatids are pulled apart. DNA is in the form of Chromatin at the end of Telophase and throughout Interphase.

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  • Current Version
  • Mar 19, 2023
    Quiz Edited by
    ProProfs Editorial Team
  • Mar 13, 2014
    Quiz Created by
    Awest

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