Biology Unit 5 Exam

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Quizzes Created: 42 | Total Attempts: 15,406
| Attempts: 699 | Questions: 49 | Updated: Mar 19, 2025
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1. The mRNA sequence ACU codes for the amino acid Thr. A mutation occurs, and the resulting mRNA sequence is AUU. What amino aci will replace Thr?

Explanation

Codon = Amino Acid
AUU = Ile (Isoleucine)
NOTE: this will be asking a different sequence on the test. Make sure you know HOW to use the chart.

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About This Quiz
Biology Unit 5 Exam - Quiz

The 'Biology Unit 5 Exam' assesses understanding of fundamental genetic processes. It covers DNA's role in protein synthesis, the mechanics of transcription and translation, and the genetic code's structure. Essential for students mastering biology concepts.

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2. This molecule below is an example of the monomer of a protein. What is this molecule called?

Explanation

Amino acids are put together to build a protein. Nucleotides are found in nucleic acids (DNA/RNA). Fatty acids are lipids.

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3. Which of the following is NOT a STOP codon?

Explanation

Stop = UGA, UAG, & UAA

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4. In eukaryotes, DNA

Explanation

DNA is found in the nucleus or eukaryotes and in the cytoplasm of prokaryotes.

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5. The cell cycle is the

Explanation

The cell cycle shows the changes that the cell undergoes as it grows to the point where it is ready to divide. That is NOT the same thing as cell death.
It includes Interphase (G1, S, G2), Mitosis (prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, & Cytokinesis

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6. What is the role of the spindle during mitosis?

Explanation

The spindle is used to separate the sister chromatids of each chromosome during anaphase so that both cells have identical copies of the DNA.

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7. One difference between cell division in plant cells and in animal cells is that plant cells have

Explanation

Cytokinesis in Plants = cell plate forms (beginning of a new cell wall)
Cytokinesis in Animals = cleavage furrow (cell membrane pinches together)

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8. How many codons are needed to specify one amino acid? (Hint: It is NOT asking for the number of nitrogen bases.)

Explanation

1 codon = 1 amino acid

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9. The 3 base sequence found on a mRNA molecule is called a ______.  

Explanation

A codon is found on mRNA and codes for a single amino acid.

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10. The first phase of mitosis is called

Explanation

Prophase is the first & longest stage of mitosis. This is where the nucleolus disappears, chromosomes condense, nuclear membrane disappears, and the spindle forms.

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11. DNA is copied during a process called

Explanation

DNA replication produces 2 identical molecules of DNA during S phase of interphase.

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12. DNA contains the sugar

Explanation

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) contains the sugar deoxyribose

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13. Refer to the diagram above. The structures labeled B are called

Explanation

The sister chromatids are identical copies of DNA produced during DNA replication. The entire structure is called the chromosome.

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14. Where does transcription occur?

Explanation

Transcription occurs in the nucleus because that is where the DNA is.

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15. During DNA replication, which of the following is the enzyme responsible for "unzipping" the DNA by breaking the hydrogen bonds between nucleotides?

Explanation

Helicase breaks the hydrogen bonds between the 2 strand of DNA. DNA polymerase adds nucleotides to build the new strand of DNA. mRNA is NOT an enzyme. RNA polymerase is used during transcription to make mRNA.

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16. Which of the following happens when a cell divides?

Explanation

DNA overload, difficulty transporting substances, and increasing volume are reasons a cell divides.
AFTER division, you have 2 cells with identical DNA.

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17. Persons A and B have similar mRNA sequences with the exception of 1 nucleotide.         Person A: AUGGUUACUAAGGGCUGA         Person B: AUGGUUACUGAGGGCUGA Use the genetic code chart to determine how this difference affects the sequence of amino acids in the resulting protein.

Explanation

Person A: AUGGUUACUAAGGGCUGA
Person B:...........................GAG................
Person A: AAG = Lys (Lysine)
Person B: GAG = Glu (Glutamine)
NOTE: this will be asking a different sequence on the test. Make sure you know HOW to use the chart.

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18. Refer to the diagram above. During which phase(s) of mitosis are chromosomes like the one shown visible?

Explanation

Chromosomes condense and become visible during Prophase. They line up in the middle during Metaphase. These structures are no longer visible during Anaphase because the sister chromatids are pulled apart. DNA is in the form of Chromatin at the end of Telophase and throughout Interphase.

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19. The 3 base sequence found on a tRNA molecule is called a ______.  

Explanation

Anticodons are on tRNA. They are used to decode the codons on mRNA.
anTicodon = Trna

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20. The mRNA sequence GUG-GAG-AGC codes for what amino acid sequence?

Explanation

codon = amino acid
GUG = Val (Valine)
GAG = Glu (Glutamine)
AGC = Ser (Serine)

NOTE: this will be asking a different sequence on the test. Make sure you know HOW to use the chart.

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21. How many codons are needed to specify three amino acids? (Hint: It is NOT asking for the number of nitrogen bases.)

Explanation

3 codons = 3 amino acids

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22. When during the cell cycle is a cell's DNA replicated?

Explanation

During interphase: G1 = growth; S = DNA replication; G2 = preparation for mitosis; During M phase = cell division

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23. Which of the following is a correct statement about the events of the cell cycle?

Explanation

Most of the cell cycle consists of Interphase (G1 = growth, S = DNA replication, & G2 = preparation for mitosis.
Cell Division (M phase) is much shorter and consists of mitosis (division of the nucleus) & cytokinesis (division of the cytoplasm)

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24. Refer to the diagram above. Picture D is which phase of mitosis?

Explanation

Prophase = nucleolus disappears, chromatin condenses into chromosomes, nuclear membrane dissolves, & spindle forms
Metaphase = chromosomes attach to the spindle and are pulled into the middle of the cell
Anaphase = sister chromatids are pulled apart and move to opposite ends of the cell
Telophase = sister chromatids unwind into chromatin, spindle breaks down, nuclear membrane reforms, & nucleolus reappears
Cytokinesis = division of the cytoplasm; occurs during telophase

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25. Another name for a protein is ______.  

Explanation

Polypeptides are chains of amino acids bonded together by peptide bonds. It is another name for a protein because there are multiple peptide bonds.

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26. DNA replication results in two DNA molecules,

Explanation

The original strand is used as a template to build the new strand using the rules of base pairing (A=T, G=C). This produces 2 identical DNA molecules.

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27. During DNA replication, which of the following is the enzyme responsible for adding nucleotides to form the complementary strand of DNA?

Explanation

Helicase breaks the hydrogen bonds between the 2 strand of DNA. DNA polymerase adds nucleotides to build the new strand of DNA. mRNA is NOT an enzyme. RNA polymerase is used during transcription to make mRNA.

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28. Which of the following is the enzyme responsible for copying a gene into the complementary sequence of RNA during transcription?

Explanation

RNA polymerase is the enzyme that builds mRNA.
Helicase & DNA polymerase are involved in DNA replication.

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29. The process by which a cell's nucleus divides so that two eukaryotic daughter cells can form is called

Explanation

Mitosis is specifically the division of the nucleus. Cytokinesis is the division of the cytoplasm. Cell division includes both mitosis and cytokinesis.

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30. How many nitrogen bases are needed to specify one amino acid? (Hint: It is NOT asking for the number of codons.)

Explanation

3 bases = 1 codon = 1 amino acid

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31. Which nucleotide is NOT found in RNA? 

Explanation

RNA does not have T. It has Uracil (U) instead.

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32.    Refer to the diagram above. The structure labeled A is called the

Explanation

The centromere holds the 2 sister chromatids together.

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33. During which phase of mitosis do the chromosomes line up along the middle of the dividing cell?

Explanation

Prophase = nucleolus disappears, chromatin condenses into chromosomes, nuclear membrane dissolves, & spindle forms
Metaphase = chromosomes attach to the spindle and are pulled into the middle of the cell
Anaphase = sister chromatids are pulled apart and move to opposite ends of the cell
Telophase = sister chromatids unwind into chromatin, spindle breaks down, nuclear membrane reforms, & nucleolus reappears
Cytokinesis = division of the cytoplasm; occurs during telophase

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34. Which type of RNA is made during transcription and functions as a "blueprint" for protein synthesis?

Explanation

DNA is copied into mRNA during transcription. mRNA acts as a copy of the instructions that goes to the ribosome so the protein can be assembled.

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35. Which of the following represents the phases of mitosis in their proper sequence?

Explanation

Mitosis = Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, & Telophase. Interphase is NOT part of Mitosis.

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36. Refer to the diagram above. Picture B is which phase of mitosis?

Explanation

Prophase = nucleolus disappears, chromatin condenses into chromosomes, nuclear membrane dissolves, & spindle forms
Metaphase = chromosomes attach to the spindle and are pulled into the middle of the cell
Anaphase = sister chromatids are pulled apart and move to opposite ends of the cell
Telophase = sister chromatids unwind into chromatin, spindle breaks down, nuclear membrane reforms, & nucleolus reappears
Cytokinesis = division of the cytoplasm; occurs during telophase

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37. Refer to the diagram above. Picture A is which phase of mitosis?

Explanation

Prophase = nucleolus disappears, chromatin condenses into chromosomes, nuclear membrane dissolves, & spindle forms
Metaphase = chromosomes attach to the spindle and are pulled into the middle of the cell
Anaphase = sister chromatids are pulled apart and move to opposite ends of the cell
Telophase = sister chromatids unwind into chromatin, spindle breaks down, nuclear membrane reforms, & nucleolus reappears
Cytokinesis = division of the cytoplasm; occurs during telophase

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38. Which event occurs during interphase?

Explanation

During interphase: G1 = growth; S = DNA replication; G2 = preparation for mitosis

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39. Which pair is correct?

Explanation

During interphase: G1 = growth; S = DNA replication; G2 = preparation for mitosis; During M phase = cell division

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40. What contains the instructions for making proteins?

Explanation

DNA contains all of the instructions for making proteins. The info in DNA is copied into mRNA. tRNA just decodes the information in mRNA. The ribosomes are made of rRNA which just bonds the amino acids that are brought by the tRNA.

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41. What happens during the process of translation?

Explanation

Translation is the process of building a protein. mRNA is the copy of the instructions. tRNA decodes mRNA & transfers the amino acids. rRNA bonds the amino acids together.

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42. Where does translation occur?

Explanation

Translation happens at the ribosome. That is where the protein is assembled.

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43. Which of the following is a nucleotide found in RNA?

Explanation

DNA nucleotide = deoxyribose + phosphate group + C, G, A, or T
RNA nucleotide = ribose + phosphate group + C, G, A, or U

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44. Refer to the diagram above. Picture C is which phase of mitosis?

Explanation

Prophase = nucleolus disappears, chromatin condenses into chromosomes, nuclear membrane dissolves, & spindle forms
Metaphase = chromosomes attach to the spindle and are pulled into the middle of the cell
Anaphase = sister chromatids are pulled apart and move to opposite ends of the cell
Telophase = sister chromatids unwind into chromatin, spindle breaks down, nuclear membrane reforms, & nucleolus reappears
Cytokinesis = division of the cytoplasm; occurs during telophase

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45. What combines with sugar and a phosphate group to form a nucleotide?

Explanation

Nucleotides have a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogen base (G, C, A , T, or U)

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46. Which of the following is a nucleotide found in DNA?

Explanation

DNA nucleotide = deoxyribose + phosphate group + C, G, A, or T
RNA nucleotide = ribose + phosphate group + C, G, A, or U

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47. Which type of RNA is responsible for decoding the instructions and delivering the amino acid to the ribosome?

Explanation

tRNA decodes (translates) the codons on mRNA using anticodons. It also delivers (transfers) amino acids to the ribosome in the correct sequence.

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48. Which type of RNA is responsible for bonding amino acids together to form a polypeptide?

Explanation

rRNA forms peptide bonds between amino acids in order to build the polypeptide.

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49. What is produced during transcription?

Explanation

Transcription is the process of making mRNA using DNA as a pattern.

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The mRNA sequence ACU codes for the amino acid Thr. A mutation occurs,...
This molecule below is an example of the monomer of a protein. What is...
Which of the following is NOT a STOP codon?
In eukaryotes, DNA
The cell cycle is the
What is the role of the spindle during mitosis?
One difference between cell division in plant cells and in animal...
How many codons are needed to specify one amino acid? (Hint: It is NOT...
The 3 base sequence found on a mRNA molecule is called a ______....
The first phase of mitosis is called
DNA is copied during a process called
DNA contains the sugar
Refer to the diagram above. The structures labeled B are called
Where does transcription occur?
During DNA replication, which of the following is the enzyme...
Which of the following happens when a cell divides?
Persons A and B have similar mRNA sequences with the exception of 1...
Refer to the diagram above. During which phase(s) of mitosis are...
The 3 base sequence found on a tRNA molecule is called a ______....
The mRNA sequence GUG-GAG-AGC codes for what amino acid sequence?
How many codons are needed to specify three amino acids? (Hint: It is...
When during the cell cycle is a cell's DNA replicated?
Which of the following is a correct statement about the events of the...
Refer to the diagram above. Picture D is which phase of mitosis?
Another name for a protein is ______.  
DNA replication results in two DNA molecules,
During DNA replication, which of the following is the enzyme...
Which of the following is the enzyme responsible for copying a gene...
The process by which a cell's nucleus divides so that two eukaryotic...
How many nitrogen bases are needed to specify one amino acid? (Hint:...
Which nucleotide is NOT found in RNA? 
   ...
During which phase of mitosis do the chromosomes line up along the...
Which type of RNA is made during transcription and functions as a...
Which of the following represents the phases of mitosis in their...
Refer to the diagram above. Picture B is which phase of mitosis?
Refer to the diagram above. Picture A is which phase of mitosis?
Which event occurs during interphase?
Which pair is correct?
What contains the instructions for making proteins?
What happens during the process of translation?
Where does translation occur?
Which of the following is a nucleotide found in RNA?
Refer to the diagram above. Picture C is which phase of mitosis?
What combines with sugar and a phosphate group to form a nucleotide?
Which of the following is a nucleotide found in DNA?
Which type of RNA is responsible for decoding the instructions and...
Which type of RNA is responsible for bonding amino acids together to...
What is produced during transcription?
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