Topic 5 Keystone Sample Quiz

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  • 1/14 Questions

    Which statement is true of both mitosis and meiosis?

    • Both are involved in asexual reproduction.
    • Both occur only in reproductive cells.
    • The number of chromosomes is reduced by half.
    • DNA replication occurs before the division of the nucleus.
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Topic 5 Keystone Sample Quiz - Quiz
About This Quiz

The 'Topic 5 Keystone Sample Quiz' assesses understanding of cellular and genetic processes, including DNA's role in protein synthesis, stem cell differentiation, and the mechanisms of mitosis and meiosis. It's designed to test comprehension of fundamental biological principles, suitable for students preparing for advanced biology exams.

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  • 2. 
    The development of an embryo is represented in the diagram below. These changes in the form of the embryo are a direct result of - ProProfs

    The development of an embryo is represented in the diagram below. These changes in the form of the embryo are a direct result of

    • Uncontrolled cell division and mutations

    • Differentiation and growth

    • Antibodies and antigens inherited from the father

    • Meiosis and fertilization

    Correct Answer
    A. Differentiation and growth
    Explanation
    The correct answer is differentiation and growth. The diagram represents the development of an embryo, which involves the process of differentiation, where cells become specialized and take on specific functions. Additionally, growth is also involved as the embryo increases in size and develops new structures. This is supported by the changes in form shown in the diagram, which are a result of the embryo's cells differentiating and growing.

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  • 3. 

    Research has shown that certain body cells, known as stem cells, can develop into a variety of specialized cells. Various factors can cause stem cells to develop into different types of mature cells. These different types of mature cells result from

    • Different antibodies and mitotic cell division

    • Identical genetic codes and meiotic cell division

    • Different environments of the cells and the functioning of different parts of the genetic code

    • Similar steps in the development of the cells and a reduction in the number of chromosomes in each cell

    Correct Answer
    A. Different environments of the cells and the functioning of different parts of the genetic code
    Explanation
    The correct answer is different environments of the cells and the functioning of different parts of the genetic code. This explanation is supported by the statement in the question that various factors can cause stem cells to develop into different types of mature cells. These factors include the different environments that the cells are exposed to, as well as the functioning of different parts of the genetic code. This suggests that the development of different types of mature cells is influenced by both the external environment and the internal genetic factors within the cells.

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  • 4. 

    Which statement best describes the relationship between cells, DNA, and proteins?

    • DNA is composed of proteins that carry coded information for how cells function.

    • Cells contain DNA that controls the production of proteins.

    • Proteins are used to produce cells that link amino acids together into DNA.

    • Cells are linked together by proteins to make different kinds of DNA molecules.

    Correct Answer
    A. Cells contain DNA that controls the production of proteins.
    Explanation
    Cells contain DNA that controls the production of proteins. This statement accurately describes the relationship between cells, DNA, and proteins. DNA is located within the cells and serves as the genetic material that carries the instructions for protein synthesis. Proteins are essential molecules that perform various functions within the cells and are synthesized based on the information encoded in the DNA. Therefore, the DNA within cells controls the production of proteins.

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  • 5. 

    A cell resulting from the fertilization of an egg begins to divide. Two cells are formed that normally remain attached and could develop into a new individual. If the two cells become separated, which statement describes what would most likely occur?

    • The cells would each have all of the needed genetic information, and both could survive.

    • The cells would each have only one-half of the needed genetic information, so both would die.

    • One cell would have all of the needed genetic information and would survive, but the other would have none of the needed genetic information and would die.

    • One cell would have all of the needed genetic information and would survive, but the other would have none of the needed genetic information and would die.

    Correct Answer
    A. The cells would each have all of the needed genetic information, and both could survive.
    Explanation
    If the two cells resulting from the fertilization of an egg become separated, they would each have all of the needed genetic information and could survive. This is because during fertilization, the egg and sperm combine their genetic material to form a complete set of chromosomes in the resulting zygote. When the zygote divides, each resulting cell would have a complete set of chromosomes, allowing them to develop into a new individual if they remain attached or survive independently if separated. Therefore, both cells would have the necessary genetic information to survive.

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  • 6. 
    Some cells involved in the process of reproduction are represented in the diagram below. The process of meiosis formed - ProProfs

    Some cells involved in the process of reproduction are represented in the diagram below. The process of meiosis formed

    • Cell 1, only

    • Cells 1 and 2

    • Cell 3, only

    • Cells 2 and 3

    Correct Answer
    A. Cells 1 and 2
    Explanation
    The correct answer is "cells 1 and 2." This is because meiosis is a process of cell division that results in the formation of gametes (sex cells). In the diagram, cells 1 and 2 are shown, indicating that they are involved in the process of meiosis. Cell 1 is represented alone, suggesting that it is undergoing meiosis independently. Cell 2 is shown in conjunction with cell 1, indicating that they are both involved in meiosis. Cell 3 is not shown in relation to any other cell, suggesting that it is not involved in the process of meiosis.

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  • 7. 
    Which statement concerning the reproductive cells in the diagram below is correct? - ProProfs

    Which statement concerning the reproductive cells in the diagram below is correct?

    • The cells are produced by mitosis and contain all the genetic information of the father.

    • If one of these cells fertilizes an egg, the offspring will be identical to the father.

    • Each of these cells contains only half the genetic information necessary for the formation of an offspring.

    • An egg fertilized by one of these cells will develop into a female with the same characteristics as the mother.

    Correct Answer
    A. Each of these cells contains only half the genetic information necessary for the formation of an offspring.
    Explanation
    The statement that is correct is that each of these cells contains only half the genetic information necessary for the formation of an offspring. This is because the diagram represents reproductive cells, which are gametes, specifically sperm cells. Gametes are produced through a process called meiosis, which results in cells with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cells. When a sperm cell fertilizes an egg, the resulting offspring will have a combination of genetic information from both the father and the mother, resulting in genetic diversity.

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  • 8. 

    Although all of the cells of a human develop from one fertilized egg, the human is born with many different types of cells. Which statement best explains this observation?

    • All cells have different genetic material.

    • Mutations occur during development as a result of environmental conditions.

    • Developing cells may express different parts of their identical genetic instructions.

    • Some cells develop before other cells.

    Correct Answer
    A. Developing cells may express different parts of their identical genetic instructions.
    Explanation
    During development, cells undergo a process called differentiation where they specialize and express specific genes to perform specific functions. This allows cells with identical genetic instructions to develop into different types of cells with distinct characteristics and functions. Therefore, the statement "Developing cells may express different parts of their identical genetic instructions" best explains why a human is born with many different types of cells.

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  • 9. 
    The diagram below represents a nucleus containing the normal chromosome number for a species. Which diagram bests illustrates the normal formation of a cell that contains all of the genetic information needed for growth, development, and future reproduction of this species? - ProProfs

    The diagram below represents a nucleus containing the normal chromosome number for a species. Which diagram bests illustrates the normal formation of a cell that contains all of the genetic information needed for growth, development, and future reproduction of this species?

    • 1

    • 2

    • 3

    • 4

    Correct Answer
    A. 3
    Explanation
    Diagram 3 best illustrates the normal formation of a cell that contains all of the genetic information needed for growth, development, and future reproduction of this species. This is because it shows a nucleus with the normal chromosome number for the species, indicating that it has the correct amount of genetic material.

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  • 10. 

    Down syndrome is a genetic disorder caused by the presence of an extra chromosome in the body cells of humans. This extra chromosome occurs in a gamete as a result of

    • An error in the process of cloning

    • An error in meiotic cell division

    • A gene mutation

    • Replication of a single chromosome during mitosis

    Correct Answer
    A. An error in meiotic cell division
    Explanation
    During meiotic cell division, the chromosomes are supposed to separate evenly, with one copy of each chromosome going to each resulting cell. However, in the case of Down syndrome, there is an error in this process, leading to the presence of an extra chromosome in the resulting cells. This error can occur during the first or second meiotic division, leading to the presence of an extra chromosome in one of the resulting gametes. When this gamete combines with another gamete during fertilization, the resulting zygote will have an extra chromosome, causing Down syndrome.

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  • 11. 

    Which one do you like?

    • Option 1

    • Option 2

    • Option 3

    • Option 4

    Correct Answer
    A. Option 1
  • 12. 

    Tissues develop from a zygote as a direct result of the processes of

    • Fertilization and meiosis

    • Fertilization and differentiation

    • Mitosis and meiosis

    • Mitosis and differentiation

    Correct Answer
    A. Mitosis and differentiation
    Explanation
    Tissues develop from a zygote through the processes of mitosis and differentiation. Mitosis is the process by which cells divide to produce new cells, allowing for growth and development. Differentiation is the process by which cells become specialized and take on specific functions within the body. Therefore, mitosis is responsible for the increase in cell number, while differentiation determines the specific cell types and functions within the developing tissues.

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  • 13. 

    Which statement best explains the observation that clones produced from the same organism may not be identical?

    • Events in meiosis result in variation.

    • Gene expression can be influenced by the environment.

    • Differentiated cells have different genes.

    • Half the genetic information in offspring comes from each parent.

    Correct Answer
    A. Gene expression can be influenced by the environment.
    Explanation
    Gene expression can be influenced by the environment. This means that even though clones have the same genetic information, the way their genes are expressed can be influenced by different environmental factors. These factors can include things like diet, temperature, and exposure to toxins. As a result, clones may exhibit variations in their physical traits and characteristics, despite having the same genetic makeup.

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  • 14. 
    The diagram below shows a process that affects chromosomes during meiosis. This process can be used to explain - ProProfs

    The diagram below shows a process that affects chromosomes during meiosis. This process can be used to explain

    • Why some offspring are genetically identical to their parents

    • The process of differentiation in offspring

    • Why some offspring physically resemble their parents

    • The origin of new combinations of traits in offspring

    Correct Answer
    A. The origin of new combinations of traits in offspring
    Explanation
    The diagram shows a process that affects chromosomes during meiosis, which is the process of cell division that produces gametes (sex cells). During meiosis, homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material through a process called crossing over. This results in the creation of new combinations of traits in the offspring. Therefore, the diagram can be used to explain the origin of new combinations of traits in offspring.

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  • Mar 20, 2023
    Quiz Edited by
    ProProfs Editorial Team
  • Mar 24, 2014
    Quiz Created by
    Fogellh
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