Cell Organelles And Cell Division

The cell wall is a rigid structure found in plant cells that provides support and protection. It is composed of cellulose and is responsible for maintaining the shape of the cell. Animal cells do not have a cell wall, instead they have a flexible cell membrane. Therefore, the presence of a cell wall is a characteristic feature of plant cells and not animal cells.

The given description of "looks like a kidney bean with a folded membrane inside" perfectly matches the structure of a mitochondrion. Mitochondria are double-membraned organelles found in most eukaryotic cells, responsible for producing energy in the form of ATP. The inner membrane of the mitochondrion is highly folded, forming structures called cristae, which increase the surface area for ATP production. Therefore, the correct answer is mitochondrion/ mitochondria.

The cell wall is a rigid yet flexible outer covering found in plant cells. It provides support and protection to the cell, maintaining its shape and preventing it from bursting under pressure. Unlike animal cells, plant cells have cell walls made of cellulose, which gives them their characteristic rigidity. This structure allows plant cells to withstand external forces and maintain their shape, enabling plants to grow tall and stand upright. Therefore, the cell wall is the correct answer for the given statement.

The organelles in the picture are the plasma membrane and the cell membrane.

The correct answer is cytoplasm, cytosol. The cytoplasm refers to the entire contents of a cell, including all the fluid and organelles between the nucleus and the plasma membrane. Cytosol, on the other hand, specifically refers to the liquid component of the cytoplasm, excluding the organelles. Therefore, both cytoplasm and cytosol encompass all the fluid between the nucleus and the plasma membrane, making them the correct answers.

The cell theory states that cells are the basic units of life, all living things are made up of cells, and all cells come from existing cells. However, the statement "Very few cells reproduce" contradicts this principle, as all cells have the ability to reproduce through cell division. Therefore, it is not a principle of the cell theory.

Ribosomes are the organelles responsible for protein synthesis in a cell. They receive instructions from the nucleus in the form of RNA molecules and use these instructions to assemble amino acids into proteins. The Golgi apparatus is involved in modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins, but it does not directly make proteins. The mitochondrion is responsible for producing energy in the form of ATP, not protein synthesis. The vacuole is involved in storage and waste disposal, but it does not play a role in protein synthesis. Therefore, the correct answer is ribosome.

The correct answer is "nucleus, nuclei". In biology, the nucleus is a membrane-bound organelle found in eukaryotic cells. It contains the cell's DNA and serves as the command center, controlling all cellular activities. In singular form, it is called the "nucleus" and in plural form, it is called "nuclei".

Eukaryotes contain a nucleus. The nucleus is a membrane-bound organelle that houses the genetic material of the cell, including the DNA. It is responsible for controlling the cell's activities and contains the instructions for protein synthesis. In contrast, prokaryotes, such as bacteria, do not have a nucleus. They have a nucleoid region where the genetic material is located, but it is not enclosed within a membrane. Organelles, on the other hand, are small structures within eukaryotic cells that perform specific functions, but not all organelles contain a nucleus.

The organelle being referred to in the question is green in color, which is a characteristic of chloroplasts. Unlike the other organelles pictured, chloroplasts are responsible for conducting photosynthesis. Therefore, the correct answer is chloroplast.

Microtubules are cylindrical structures made up of protein called tubulin. They act as a railroad track within the cell, providing a framework for various cellular processes such as cell division, cell movement, and intracellular transport. They serve as tracks for motor proteins to move along, transporting organelles, vesicles, and other cellular components to different parts of the cell. Therefore, microtubules can act as a railroad track to facilitate movement within the cell.

Microfilaments are responsible for causing the cell itself to move. Microfilaments are thin, thread-like structures made up of protein called actin. They form a network throughout the cell and are involved in various cellular processes, including cell movement. Microfilaments provide structural support and generate the force required for cell locomotion. They can contract and relax, allowing the cell to change shape and move in response to external stimuli or during processes like cell division or migration.

The Golgi apparatus, also known as the Golgi body or Golgi complex, is compared to a post office in this analogy. Just like a post office, the Golgi apparatus receives, modifies, and packages proteins and lipids produced by the endoplasmic reticulum, and then sends them to their correct destinations within the cell or outside of it. The analogy highlights the role of the Golgi apparatus in sorting and directing cellular materials, similar to how a post office sorts and delivers mail to different addresses.

The vacuole is a membrane-bound organelle found in plant and fungal cells. It acts like a storage tank as it stores various substances such as water, nutrients, and waste products. The vacuole plays a crucial role in maintaining the cell's turgor pressure and regulating the cell's pH balance. It also helps in the breakdown of macromolecules and the detoxification of harmful substances. Therefore, the vacuole is the correct answer as it accurately describes an organelle that functions as a storage tank within the cell.

The nucleus is responsible for storing DNA, which contains the genetic information needed for protein synthesis. It also directs the activities of the cell by controlling gene expression and regulating the production of proteins. Therefore, all of the given options are correct as they accurately describe the functions of the nucleus.

The correct answer is ribosome, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, released from cell. This is because the ribosome is responsible for protein synthesis, where the insulin protein is produced. After synthesis, the protein is transported to the endoplasmic reticulum for further processing and modification. From there, it is transported to the Golgi apparatus, where it undergoes further processing and packaging. Finally, the insulin protein is released from the cell to carry out its function.

The nucleolus is responsible for producing and assembling the components necessary for ribosome formation. It contains the DNA that codes for ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and also houses proteins and enzymes required for ribosome synthesis. The ribosomes are essential cellular structures involved in protein synthesis, and the nucleolus plays a crucial role in their production. Therefore, the statement "contains parts for making ribosomes" accurately describes the function of the nucleolus.

The correct answer is "It is made up of two chromatids." This is because the image shows a replicated chromosome, which consists of two identical copies called chromatids that are joined together by a centromere. Each chromatid contains a single DNA molecule, and they are held together until they separate during cell division. The other options, such as histones, centromeres, and telomeres, do not accurately describe the structure of the chromosome shown in the image.

The correct answer is "rough endoplasmic reticulum" or "rough ER" because this organelle is covered with ribosomes. The rough ER is responsible for protein synthesis and modification. The ribosomes attached to its surface enable the ER to produce proteins that are then transported to other parts of the cell or secreted outside of the cell. This organelle plays a crucial role in the production of proteins in the cell.

The correct answer is "smooth endoplasmic reticulum, smooth ER". The smooth endoplasmic reticulum, also known as smooth ER, is a membrane-bound organelle found in eukaryotic cells. It is involved in various functions such as lipid synthesis, detoxification of drugs and toxins, and calcium storage. The term "lipid maker" is likely referring to the smooth ER's role in lipid synthesis, as it contains enzymes responsible for producing lipids. Therefore, both "smooth endoplasmic reticulum" and "smooth ER" are correct answers for this question.

During interphase, the cell undergoes growth and prepares for cell division. One of the key processes that occur during interphase is the replication of DNA. This is essential for the cell to ensure that each daughter cell receives a complete set of genetic material. The cell duplicates its organelles and carries out various metabolic activities during interphase, but the specific process of copying DNA is the most important and directly related to cell division.

The given correct answer is "vesicle". The explanation for this answer is that the statement describes a process where a small membranous sac is being pinched off from organelle #7. This process is commonly known as vesicle formation. Vesicles are small sacs made up of lipid bilayers that transport molecules within cells. They play a crucial role in various cellular processes, such as intracellular transport, secretion, and cell signaling. Therefore, based on the description provided, the correct answer is "vesicle".

The smooth endoplasmic reticulum would be put to work to make more lipids and build new membrane for the cell. The smooth endoplasmic reticulum is responsible for lipid synthesis and metabolism, including the production of phospholipids, which are the main components of cell membranes. It does not have ribosomes attached to its surface, unlike the rough endoplasmic reticulum, which is primarily involved in protein synthesis. Therefore, the smooth endoplasmic reticulum is the correct organelle for this task.

The lysosome is the correct answer because it is an organelle that fuses with food vesicles and contains enzymes that break down large food molecules into smaller particles that the cell can use for energy and other cellular processes. The Golgi apparatus is involved in processing and packaging proteins, the endoplasmic reticulum is involved in protein synthesis and lipid metabolism, and the mitochondrion is responsible for generating energy in the form of ATP. None of these organelles specifically perform the function described in the question.

Malignant tumors are cancerous and have the ability to spread to other parts of the body, a process known as metastasis. This means that if left untreated, malignant tumors can grow and invade nearby tissues and organs, as well as travel through the bloodstream or lymphatic system to form new tumors in different areas of the body. Therefore, the statement "They can cause tumors in other parts of the body" accurately describes the nature of malignant tumors.

Stem cells are unique because they have the ability to differentiate and develop into various types of cells in the body. Unlike other body cells that have a specific function and cannot change, stem cells can give rise to specialized cells such as muscle cells, nerve cells, or blood cells. This characteristic of being able to form different types of cells is what sets stem cells apart from other body cells.

Cytokinesis is the stage during which the cytoplasm divides. This process occurs after the nuclear division (mitosis or meiosis) and is responsible for the physical separation of the two daughter cells. During cytokinesis, the cytoplasmic contents, including organelles and cytosol, are divided between the two daughter cells, forming two separate cells with their own cytoplasmic components. Therefore, cytokinesis is the correct answer as it specifically refers to the division of the cytoplasm.

During meiosis, a type of cell division that occurs in the reproductive cells, one parent cell produces four haploid cells. Haploid cells contain half the number of chromosomes compared to the parent cell. This is achieved through two rounds of cell division, resulting in the formation of four genetically diverse haploid cells, each with a unique combination of chromosomes. Therefore, the correct answer is four haploid cells.