Cell Organelles And Cell Division
Questions and Answers
- 1.
Choose two body systems and identify cellular organelles that perform analogous (which means “similar”) functions. INCLUDE A BRIEF BUT CONVINCING EXPLANATION for each analogy (2 pts each).Body system #1:
- 2.
Body system #2
- 3.
- microfilament
- microtubule
- vesicle
- nucleus
- nucleolus
- rough endoplasmic reticulum (rough ER)
- ribosome
- peroxisome
- smooth endoplasmic reticulum (smooth ER)
- cell membrane
- Golgi apparatus
- mitochondrion
- vacuole
- lysosome
- centriole
- cell wall
- chloroplast
- cytoplasm
- 4.
Which of the following is NOT a principle of the cell theory?
- A.
Cells are the basic units of life.
- B.
All living things are made up of cells.
- C.
Very few cells reproduce.
- D.
All cells come from existing cells.
Correct Answer
C. Very few cells reproduce.Explanation
The cell theory states that cells are the basic units of life, all living things are made up of cells, and all cells come from existing cells. However, the statement "Very few cells reproduce" contradicts this principle, as all cells have the ability to reproduce through cell division. Therefore, it is not a principle of the cell theory.Rate this question:
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- 5.
Which of the following contain a nucleus?
- A.
Prokaryotes
- B.
Bacteria
- C.
Eukaryotes
- D.
Organelles
Correct Answer
C. EukaryotesExplanation
Eukaryotes contain a nucleus. The nucleus is a membrane-bound organelle that houses the genetic material of the cell, including the DNA. It is responsible for controlling the cell's activities and contains the instructions for protein synthesis. In contrast, prokaryotes, such as bacteria, do not have a nucleus. They have a nucleoid region where the genetic material is located, but it is not enclosed within a membrane. Organelles, on the other hand, are small structures within eukaryotic cells that perform specific functions, but not all organelles contain a nucleus.Rate this question:
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- 6.
Which organelle would you expect to find in plant cells but not animals cells?
- A.
Mitochondrion
- B.
Ribosomes
- C.
Cell wall
- D.
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Correct Answer
C. Cell wallExplanation
The cell wall is a rigid structure found in plant cells that provides support and protection. It is composed of cellulose and is responsible for maintaining the shape of the cell. Animal cells do not have a cell wall, instead they have a flexible cell membrane. Therefore, the presence of a cell wall is a characteristic feature of plant cells and not animal cells.Rate this question:
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- 7.
Which of the following is a function of the nucleus?
- A.
Stores DNA
- B.
Directs the activities of the cell
- C.
Contains the information needed to make protein
- D.
All of the above
Correct Answer
D. All of the aboveExplanation
The nucleus is responsible for storing DNA, which contains the genetic information needed for protein synthesis. It also directs the activities of the cell by controlling gene expression and regulating the production of proteins. Therefore, all of the given options are correct as they accurately describe the functions of the nucleus.Rate this question:
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- 8.
Which organelle makes protein using instructions from the nucleus?
- A.
Golgi apparatus
- B.
Mitochondrion
- C.
Vacuole
- D.
Ribosome
Correct Answer
D. RibosomeExplanation
Ribosomes are the organelles responsible for protein synthesis in a cell. They receive instructions from the nucleus in the form of RNA molecules and use these instructions to assemble amino acids into proteins. The Golgi apparatus is involved in modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins, but it does not directly make proteins. The mitochondrion is responsible for producing energy in the form of ATP, not protein synthesis. The vacuole is involved in storage and waste disposal, but it does not play a role in protein synthesis. Therefore, the correct answer is ribosome.Rate this question:
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- 9.
Which structure can act as a railroad track to move through the cell?
- A.
Ribosome
- B.
Nucleolus
- C.
Microtubules
- D.
Lysosome
Correct Answer
C. MicrotubulesExplanation
Microtubules are cylindrical structures made up of protein called tubulin. They act as a railroad track within the cell, providing a framework for various cellular processes such as cell division, cell movement, and intracellular transport. They serve as tracks for motor proteins to move along, transporting organelles, vesicles, and other cellular components to different parts of the cell. Therefore, microtubules can act as a railroad track to facilitate movement within the cell.Rate this question:
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- 10.
Which sequence correctly traces the path of an insulin protein produced by a human cell?
- A.
Ribosome, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, released from cell
- B.
Ribosome, endoplasmic reticulum, chloroplast
- C.
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum, lysosome, Golgi apparatus
- D.
Chloroplast, vacuole, lysosome, mitochondrion, ribosome
Correct Answer
A. Ribosome, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, released from cellExplanation
The correct answer is ribosome, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, released from cell. This is because the ribosome is responsible for protein synthesis, where the insulin protein is produced. After synthesis, the protein is transported to the endoplasmic reticulum for further processing and modification. From there, it is transported to the Golgi apparatus, where it undergoes further processing and packaging. Finally, the insulin protein is released from the cell to carry out its function.Rate this question:
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- 11.
Which organelle fuses with food vesicles and breaks down large food molecules into particles the cell can use?
- A.
Golgi apparatus
- B.
Lysosome
- C.
Endoplasmic reticulum
- D.
Mitochondrion
Correct Answer
B. LysosomeExplanation
The lysosome is the correct answer because it is an organelle that fuses with food vesicles and contains enzymes that break down large food molecules into smaller particles that the cell can use for energy and other cellular processes. The Golgi apparatus is involved in processing and packaging proteins, the endoplasmic reticulum is involved in protein synthesis and lipid metabolism, and the mitochondrion is responsible for generating energy in the form of ATP. None of these organelles specifically perform the function described in the question.Rate this question:
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- 12.
If a cell needed to enlarge its membrane, it would have to make more lipids and build new membrane for them. Which organelle would be put to work to do this?
- A.
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
- B.
Microfilament
- C.
Mitochondrion
- D.
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Correct Answer
A. Smooth endoplasmic reticulumExplanation
The smooth endoplasmic reticulum would be put to work to make more lipids and build new membrane for the cell. The smooth endoplasmic reticulum is responsible for lipid synthesis and metabolism, including the production of phospholipids, which are the main components of cell membranes. It does not have ribosomes attached to its surface, unlike the rough endoplasmic reticulum, which is primarily involved in protein synthesis. Therefore, the smooth endoplasmic reticulum is the correct organelle for this task.Rate this question:
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- 13.
Which structure cause the cell itself to move?
- A.
Ribosomes
- B.
Nucleolus
- C.
Microfilaments
- D.
Chromosomes
Correct Answer
C. MicrofilamentsExplanation
Microfilaments are responsible for causing the cell itself to move. Microfilaments are thin, thread-like structures made up of protein called actin. They form a network throughout the cell and are involved in various cellular processes, including cell movement. Microfilaments provide structural support and generate the force required for cell locomotion. They can contract and relax, allowing the cell to change shape and move in response to external stimuli or during processes like cell division or migration.Rate this question:
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- 14.
Name the organelles in the picture. Spelling counts. Capitalization counts. Use only acceptable abbreviations. (1) a thin, permeable covering to the cell
Correct Answer
plasma membrane
cell membraneExplanation
The organelles in the picture are the plasma membrane and the cell membrane.Rate this question:
- 15.
(2) looks like a kidney bean with a folded membrane inside
Correct Answer
mitochondrion
mitochondriaExplanation
The given description of "looks like a kidney bean with a folded membrane inside" perfectly matches the structure of a mitochondrion. Mitochondria are double-membraned organelles found in most eukaryotic cells, responsible for producing energy in the form of ATP. The inner membrane of the mitochondrion is highly folded, forming structures called cristae, which increase the surface area for ATP production. Therefore, the correct answer is mitochondrion/ mitochondria.Rate this question:
- 16.
(3) a rigid yet flexible outer covering found in plant (but not animal) cells
Correct Answer
cell wallExplanation
The cell wall is a rigid yet flexible outer covering found in plant cells. It provides support and protection to the cell, maintaining its shape and preventing it from bursting under pressure. Unlike animal cells, plant cells have cell walls made of cellulose, which gives them their characteristic rigidity. This structure allows plant cells to withstand external forces and maintain their shape, enabling plants to grow tall and stand upright. Therefore, the cell wall is the correct answer for the given statement.Rate this question:
- 17.
(4) Green is the actual color of this organelle unlike the rest of the ones pictured here. Conducts photosynthesis
Correct Answer
chloroplastExplanation
The organelle being referred to in the question is green in color, which is a characteristic of chloroplasts. Unlike the other organelles pictured, chloroplasts are responsible for conducting photosynthesis. Therefore, the correct answer is chloroplast.Rate this question:
- 18.
(5) just a little membranous sac getting pinched off of organelle #7
Correct Answer
vesicleExplanation
The given correct answer is "vesicle". The explanation for this answer is that the statement describes a process where a small membranous sac is being pinched off from organelle #7. This process is commonly known as vesicle formation. Vesicles are small sacs made up of lipid bilayers that transport molecules within cells. They play a crucial role in various cellular processes, such as intracellular transport, secretion, and cell signaling. Therefore, based on the description provided, the correct answer is "vesicle".Rate this question:
- 19.
(7) analogous to a post office (even if that is a quaint, pre-internet analogy)
Correct Answer
Golgi apparatus
Golgi apparati
Golgi bodyExplanation
The Golgi apparatus, also known as the Golgi body or Golgi complex, is compared to a post office in this analogy. Just like a post office, the Golgi apparatus receives, modifies, and packages proteins and lipids produced by the endoplasmic reticulum, and then sends them to their correct destinations within the cell or outside of it. The analogy highlights the role of the Golgi apparatus in sorting and directing cellular materials, similar to how a post office sorts and delivers mail to different addresses.Rate this question:
- 20.
(8) all the fluid between the nucleus and the plasma membrane
Correct Answer
cytoplasm
cytosolExplanation
The correct answer is cytoplasm, cytosol. The cytoplasm refers to the entire contents of a cell, including all the fluid and organelles between the nucleus and the plasma membrane. Cytosol, on the other hand, specifically refers to the liquid component of the cytoplasm, excluding the organelles. Therefore, both cytoplasm and cytosol encompass all the fluid between the nucleus and the plasma membrane, making them the correct answers.Rate this question:
- 21.
(9) command center to the cell
Correct Answer
nucleus
nucleiExplanation
The correct answer is "nucleus, nuclei". In biology, the nucleus is a membrane-bound organelle found in eukaryotic cells. It contains the cell's DNA and serves as the command center, controlling all cellular activities. In singular form, it is called the "nucleus" and in plural form, it is called "nuclei".Rate this question:
- 22.
(10) contains parts for making ribosomes
Correct Answer
nucleolusExplanation
The nucleolus is responsible for producing and assembling the components necessary for ribosome formation. It contains the DNA that codes for ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and also houses proteins and enzymes required for ribosome synthesis. The ribosomes are essential cellular structures involved in protein synthesis, and the nucleolus plays a crucial role in their production. Therefore, the statement "contains parts for making ribosomes" accurately describes the function of the nucleolus.Rate this question:
- 23.
(11) covered with ribosomes
Correct Answer
rough endoplasmic reticulum
rough ERExplanation
The correct answer is "rough endoplasmic reticulum" or "rough ER" because this organelle is covered with ribosomes. The rough ER is responsible for protein synthesis and modification. The ribosomes attached to its surface enable the ER to produce proteins that are then transported to other parts of the cell or secreted outside of the cell. This organelle plays a crucial role in the production of proteins in the cell.Rate this question:
- 24.
(12) lipid maker
Correct Answer
smooth endoplasmic reticulum
smooth ERExplanation
The correct answer is "smooth endoplasmic reticulum, smooth ER". The smooth endoplasmic reticulum, also known as smooth ER, is a membrane-bound organelle found in eukaryotic cells. It is involved in various functions such as lipid synthesis, detoxification of drugs and toxins, and calcium storage. The term "lipid maker" is likely referring to the smooth ER's role in lipid synthesis, as it contains enzymes responsible for producing lipids. Therefore, both "smooth endoplasmic reticulum" and "smooth ER" are correct answers for this question.Rate this question:
- 25.
(6) acts like a storage tank
Correct Answer
vacuoleExplanation
The vacuole is a membrane-bound organelle found in plant and fungal cells. It acts like a storage tank as it stores various substances such as water, nutrients, and waste products. The vacuole plays a crucial role in maintaining the cell's turgor pressure and regulating the cell's pH balance. It also helps in the breakdown of macromolecules and the detoxification of harmful substances. Therefore, the vacuole is the correct answer as it accurately describes an organelle that functions as a storage tank within the cell.Rate this question:
- 26.
Which statement describes the chromosome shown here?
- A.
It is made up of two histones.
- B.
It is made up of two chromatids.
- C.
It is made up of two centromeres.
- D.
It is made up of two telomeres.
Correct Answer
B. It is made up of two chromatids.Explanation
The correct answer is "It is made up of two chromatids." This is because the image shows a replicated chromosome, which consists of two identical copies called chromatids that are joined together by a centromere. Each chromatid contains a single DNA molecule, and they are held together until they separate during cell division. The other options, such as histones, centromeres, and telomeres, do not accurately describe the structure of the chromosome shown in the image.Rate this question:
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- 27.
Which of the following is true of malignant tumors?
- A.
They do not require treatment.
- B.
They are easily removed through surgery.
- C.
They can cause tumors in other parts of the body.
- D.
They contain cells that stay clustered together.
Correct Answer
C. They can cause tumors in other parts of the body.Explanation
Malignant tumors are cancerous and have the ability to spread to other parts of the body, a process known as metastasis. This means that if left untreated, malignant tumors can grow and invade nearby tissues and organs, as well as travel through the bloodstream or lymphatic system to form new tumors in different areas of the body. Therefore, the statement "They can cause tumors in other parts of the body" accurately describes the nature of malignant tumors.Rate this question:
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- 28.
During interphase a cell grows, duplicates organelles, and
- A.
Copies DNA.
- B.
Divides the nucleus.
- C.
Divides the cytoplasm.
- D.
Produces a new cell.
Correct Answer
A. Copies DNA.Explanation
During interphase, the cell undergoes growth and prepares for cell division. One of the key processes that occur during interphase is the replication of DNA. This is essential for the cell to ensure that each daughter cell receives a complete set of genetic material. The cell duplicates its organelles and carries out various metabolic activities during interphase, but the specific process of copying DNA is the most important and directly related to cell division.Rate this question:
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- 29.
During which of the following stages does the cytoplasm divide?
- A.
Gap 1 (G1)
- B.
Synthesis (S)
- C.
Gap 2 (G2)
- D.
Prophase
- E.
Cytokinesis
Correct Answer
E. CytokinesisExplanation
Cytokinesis is the stage during which the cytoplasm divides. This process occurs after the nuclear division (mitosis or meiosis) and is responsible for the physical separation of the two daughter cells. During cytokinesis, the cytoplasmic contents, including organelles and cytosol, are divided between the two daughter cells, forming two separate cells with their own cytoplasmic components. Therefore, cytokinesis is the correct answer as it specifically refers to the division of the cytoplasm.Rate this question:
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- 30.
Stem cells are different from other body cells because they
- A.
Contain a complete set of all DNA (46 chromosomes in humans).
- B.
Exist only in embryos.
- C.
Can form other kinds of cells.
- D.
Remain within the bone marrow.
Correct Answer
C. Can form other kinds of cells.Explanation
Stem cells are unique because they have the ability to differentiate and develop into various types of cells in the body. Unlike other body cells that have a specific function and cannot change, stem cells can give rise to specialized cells such as muscle cells, nerve cells, or blood cells. This characteristic of being able to form different types of cells is what sets stem cells apart from other body cells.Rate this question:
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- 31.
The products of meiosis from one parent cell are
- A.
Two diploid cells.
- B.
Four chromosome pairs.
- C.
Four haploid cells.
- D.
Two haploid cells.
Correct Answer
C. Four haploid cells.Explanation
During meiosis, a type of cell division that occurs in the reproductive cells, one parent cell produces four haploid cells. Haploid cells contain half the number of chromosomes compared to the parent cell. This is achieved through two rounds of cell division, resulting in the formation of four genetically diverse haploid cells, each with a unique combination of chromosomes. Therefore, the correct answer is four haploid cells.Rate this question:
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.jpg "Which statement describes the chromosome shown here?")
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