Anthropology 205- Incorrect Ones

Revitalization movements refer to movements that aim to bring about significant cultural reform in response to widespread social disruption. These movements typically seek to revitalize or rejuvenate traditional cultural practices and values in order to address the challenges and changes brought about by social disruption. They are not primarily focused on political change or economic destruction, but rather on cultural revitalization. Additionally, they are not specifically religious movements or modeled after communistic structures.

A pluralistic society refers to a situation where two or more neighboring ethnic groups maintain a loose political union while still retaining their own cultural identities. In such a society, different ethnic groups coexist and interact with each other while preserving their distinct cultural practices and beliefs. This allows for diversity and multiculturalism within the larger political framework.

Hawaiian kinship terminology reflects the absence of strong unilineal descent because it does not emphasize tracing descent through either the father's or mother's line exclusively. In Hawaiian kinship, there is a more fluid approach to tracing kinship, with equal importance given to both sides of the family. This is in contrast to Eskimo, Crow, and Omaha kinship terminologies, which place a stronger emphasis on tracing descent through either the father's or mother's line.

Fraternal polyandry refers to the practice of multiple brothers being married to one woman. This form of marriage is found in certain cultures and is often motivated by economic factors, such as limited resources or land. It can also serve to maintain family unity and prevent the division of ancestral property. Fraternal polyandry is different from fraternal monogamy, which would involve each brother having their own individual wife. Fraternal polygyny, on the other hand, would involve multiple wives for one man. Fraternal polygamy is a more general term that can encompass both polyandry and polygyny.

The correct answer is B. extended. According to the cross-cultural survey of 192 families, the most common family structure is the extended family. This means that in a majority of the surveyed families, multiple generations and relatives live together in the same household. This finding suggests that in many cultures, the extended family is the prevailing family structure rather than nuclear (A), conjugal (C), or polygamous (D) families.

In traditional farming and herding cultures, the most common family type is the conjugal family. This type of family consists of a husband, wife, and their dependent children. In these cultures, the family unit is typically focused on the nuclear family, with the parents and children living together and sharing responsibilities. The extended family, which includes relatives beyond the immediate family, may also be important in these cultures, but the conjugal family is the most prevalent family type. The blended family, which includes step-parents and step-siblings, is less common in traditional farming and herding cultures.

The factors that universally affect a person's position in society are age and sex. These two factors are often used to categorize individuals and determine their roles, rights, and responsibilities within a society. Age can influence a person's access to education, employment opportunities, and social status. Similarly, sex or gender can shape societal expectations, roles, and access to resources. These factors are pervasive across cultures and can significantly impact an individual's position in society.

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An uncentralized political system is characterized by high levels of individual freedom, leaders with no formal political power, and a subsistence economy. However, the presence of a large population does not necessarily define an uncentralized political system. A political system can have a large population and still be centralized, with power concentrated in the hands of a few individuals or a central authority. Therefore, a large population is not a characteristic of an uncentralized political system.

Between 1950 and 2000, the world population reached a high of 6 billion. This means that during this time period, the global population peaked at 6 billion people.

The "third side" refers to the role that the surrounding community plays in resolving disputes between parties. According to Ury, this third side includes people who are not directly involved in the conflict but have an interest in its resolution. They can act as mediators, facilitators, or arbitrators, helping the conflicting parties find a mutually agreeable solution. This concept emphasizes the importance of involving the community in conflict resolution and highlights the potential for collective action to address disputes without resorting to legal sanctions or coercion.

In a rite of passage, individuals go through a significant change or transformation, similar to the concept of social death and rebirth. During this transition, they leave behind their old social identity and status, symbolizing a "death" of their previous self. They then undergo a period of liminality, where they are in a state of ambiguity and transition, before emerging with a new social identity and status, symbolizing a "rebirth" into a new role or position within society. This comparison highlights the transformative nature of a rite of passage and the profound impact it can have on an individual's social identity.

Witchcraft is best described as the belief that some individuals possess psychic power to cause harm. This belief suggests that certain people have the ability to use supernatural forces to intentionally inflict harm on others. It implies that these individuals have the power to manipulate and control events through their psychic abilities, specifically for malicious purposes. This understanding of witchcraft aligns with historical and cultural perceptions of witches as malevolent beings who use their powers to cause harm or misfortune.

The correct answer is "cultures respond differently to the processes of globalization." This is because globalization affects different cultures in various ways. Some cultures may embrace and adopt global influences, while others may resist and try to preserve their local traditions and customs. The impact of globalization on culture is not uniform and varies from one culture to another.

According to the given question, the top 100 companies control a certain percentage of the world's total assets. The correct answer is 33, which means that these top 100 companies control 33% of the world's total assets. This indicates that a significant portion of global wealth and resources is concentrated in the hands of a relatively small number of powerful corporations.

The Maori people are indigenous to New Zealand. They have a rich cultural heritage and are known for their unique language, art, and customs. The Maori have a significant presence in New Zealand and have contributed to shaping the country's identity and history.

"Kindred" is a term commonly used to refer to a group of people who are related by blood or marriage. In the context of subsistence, it is often associated with industrialism because industrial societies tend to prioritize individualism and nuclear family units over extended kinship networks. In contrast, horticulture, pastoralism, and foraging are modes of subsistence that are typically associated with smaller, more tightly-knit kinship groups where the concept of "kindred" is more relevant.

Rites of passage are ceremonies or rituals that mark important transitions in a person's life. These transitions typically involve three stages: separation from the previous status, a liminal or transitional phase, and incorporation into the new status. Transformation, on the other hand, refers to a change or conversion. While transformation can occur during a rite of passage, it is not one of the stages that are typically included in the concept of rites of passage.

First cousin marriage is illegal in 31 states in the United States. This means that it is legal in the remaining 19 states. The laws regarding cousin marriage vary from state to state, with some states allowing it without any restrictions, some allowing it with certain conditions, and others outright prohibiting it.

Globalization involves the restructured social field of force, development of new commercial markets, and the struggle for scarce natural resources. However, it does not involve controlled profit growth. Globalization is characterized by the expansion of economic activities across national borders, the integration of markets, and the movement of goods, services, capital, and technology. Controlled profit growth implies a restriction on the growth of profits, which is not a characteristic of globalization.

Every society develops sanctions because internalized controls are not sufficient. Internalized controls refer to the individual's own moral compass and personal values. However, these internal controls may not always be enough to ensure that individuals adhere to societal norms and expectations. Sanctions, such as laws and punishments, provide external reinforcement and consequences for deviating from these norms. They serve as a deterrent and help maintain order and social cohesion within a society.

The most accurate statement about incest is that there are essentially two incest taboos found in different cultures. This suggests that different cultures may have different rules or restrictions regarding incestuous relationships. It implies that there is not a universal consensus or agreement on the subject across all cultures and societies.

In a patrilineal society, where descent is traced through the male line, the rationale for bridewealth is that the wife's family will lose her labor and reproductive capacity. In such societies, women typically leave their natal families and join their husband's family after marriage. The bridewealth serves as compensation to the wife's family for the loss of her productive abilities, as she will now be contributing to her husband's family instead. This practice helps to ensure that the wife's family is not left at a disadvantage after the marriage takes place.

The unique aspect of the Kpelle chiefdoms is that the paramount chiefs receive a salary from the state government. This sets them apart from other chiefdoms where chiefs may rely on taxes or other means to generate revenue. The fact that the chiefs receive a salary indicates a formalized relationship with the government and suggests a level of integration between the chiefdoms and the state.

The Jewish bar mitzvah is an example of an age grade. In Jewish tradition, a boy becomes a bar mitzvah at the age of 13, which signifies his coming of age and his responsibility to observe the commandments of the Torah. This age grade marks the transition from childhood to adulthood in the Jewish community.

The correct answer is 800,000-1 million. This range represents the approximate number of declared practitioners of Buddhism in the United States today. It suggests that there is a significant population of individuals who identify as Buddhists and actively practice the religion in the country.

In the practice of contagious magic, various objects are used to transfer or invoke certain qualities or powers. Clips of hair, fingernail clippings, and special pieces of jewelry that belong to someone are commonly used as they are believed to contain the essence or energy of the person. However, images and likenesses of someone are not commonly used in contagious magic as they are considered to be representations rather than actual objects that hold the person's energy.

Approximately 200 million people around the world now live outside their countries of birth as migrants. This indicates a significant number of individuals who have chosen to reside in a different country than their place of birth. The high number of migrants reflects the increasing globalization and interconnectedness of the world, as well as various factors such as economic opportunities, political instability, and social factors that drive people to migrate.

In matrilineal descent groups, the children belong to the descent group of their father's grandmother. This means that the lineage is traced through the female line, specifically through the father's mother's side of the family. This is different from patrilineal descent groups, where the lineage is traced through the male line. In matrilineal societies, the father's grandmother holds a significant role in determining the descent group to which the children belong.

The primary reason for lower incidences of warfare among food foragers is the significant role of the family lineage. In food foraging societies, the family lineage plays a crucial role in maintaining social order and resolving conflicts. The strong kinship ties and shared ancestry create a sense of unity and cooperation among the members of the society. This reduces the likelihood of warfare as disputes and conflicts are often resolved through mediation and negotiation within the family lineage.

Bringing rain is considered one of the most common activities of shamans cross-culturally. Shamans are spiritual practitioners who are believed to have the ability to communicate with spirits and influence the natural world. Many indigenous cultures believe that shamans have the power to bring rain through their rituals and connections with the spiritual realm. This belief is prevalent in various cultures around the world, where shamans are called upon to perform rain-making ceremonies during periods of drought or to ensure a successful harvest.

The correct answer is A. extended family. A clan is a social group that consists of multiple extended families who share a common ancestor. This means that the clan results from the formation and inclusion of multiple extended families within it. The extended family is a larger kinship group that includes multiple generations and branches of a family, and it forms the basis for the formation of a clan.

A clan is an extended unilineal kinship group that consists of multiple lineages and its members claim to have descended from a common ancestor. Clans are often found in societies that practice unilineal descent, where kinship is traced through either the maternal or paternal line. The members of a clan typically share a sense of identity and solidarity, and often have certain rights and obligations towards each other.

Approximately 6 million children die yearly due to hunger. This staggering number highlights the devastating impact of food insecurity on children around the world. Lack of access to nutritious food leads to malnutrition, weakened immune systems, and increased vulnerability to diseases, ultimately resulting in these tragic deaths. Addressing the issue of hunger and improving access to adequate nutrition is crucial in order to prevent such high mortality rates among children.

The degree of mobility in a stratified society is related to the kind of occupation classes. This means that the social mobility within a society is determined by the different classes of occupations that exist. In a stratified society, individuals from lower occupation classes may have limited opportunities for upward mobility, while those in higher occupation classes may have more opportunities for advancement. Therefore, the kind of occupation classes present in a society plays a significant role in determining the degree of mobility within that society.

The collapse of local markets due to subsidized foreign imports can be seen as an example of structural violence. Structural violence refers to the systematic ways in which social structures and institutions harm individuals or groups by preventing them from meeting their basic needs. In this case, the subsidized foreign imports create an unfair advantage for foreign producers, leading to the collapse of local markets and causing harm to local producers and workers who are unable to compete. This can result in poverty, unemployment, and other forms of social and economic deprivation, which are characteristics of structural violence.

The correct answer is C. the wife in a nuclear family. This means that in Inuit culture, it is primarily the responsibility of the wife in a nuclear family to raise children. This suggests that the Inuit value the role of the mother in child-rearing and see it as her primary duty within the family structure.

The Ju/'hoansi recognize a powerful healing force called n/um.

An extended family typically consists of multiple generations living together or in close proximity, which allows for greater mobility within the family unit. This is because extended families often provide support and assistance to one another, which may involve moving to be closer to family members or sharing resources such as housing. In contrast, a nuclear family typically consists of only parents and their children, limiting the potential for mobility within the family unit. Nontraditional and polygamous families do not necessarily have a direct correlation with mobility.

In the Mundurucu culture, children live exclusively with their mothers and younger siblings until the age of 13. This suggests that the mothers play a primary caregiving role in the upbringing of the children, while the younger siblings may also contribute to their care. The absence of fathers and older brothers in the living arrangement implies that they may have different roles or responsibilities within the community.

The law serves to define relationships among society's members, allocate authority to employ coercion, and redefine social relations to ensure social flexibility. However, it does not specifically mark out proper behavior under unspecified circumstances. The law provides guidelines and regulations for behavior in specific situations, but it cannot account for every possible circumstance. Therefore, it is not a basic function of the law to mark out proper behavior under unspecified circumstances.

Bilateral descent refers to a system of tracing descent from both the mother's and father's lines equally. In this system, individuals belong to both their mother's and father's kinship groups and have rights and obligations towards both sides of the family. This is different from unilineal descent, where descent is traced only through one line (either the mother's or father's), ambilineal descent, where individuals have the choice to affiliate with either the mother's or father's line, or double descent, where descent is traced through both the mother's and father's lines but with different purposes or functions.

Politicization is not a subprocess of modernization because modernization refers to the process of adopting modern ways of life, technology, and systems. It typically involves industrialization, which is the development of industries and manufacturing, agricultural development, which is the improvement of agricultural practices, and urbanization, which is the growth and development of cities. Politicization, on the other hand, refers to the act of making something political or involving politics, which is not directly related to the process of modernization.

The correct answer is 1.3%. This means that the poorest 20% of the world's population subsists on only 1.3% of all goods and services in the world. This suggests that there is a significant wealth disparity in the world, with a small percentage of the population controlling a large majority of the resources.

Polygyny is the practice of having multiple wives at the same time. The given answer suggests that 80% of the world's cultures favor polygyny. This means that in the majority of cultures around the world, polygyny is accepted and practiced.

There are currently approximately 45 million people living outside their national borders as refugees or are internally displaced.

The answer "culturally determined" means that the meanings ascribed to sensations experienced in altered states vary based on the culture in which the individual resides. Different cultures may have different beliefs, interpretations, and understandings of altered states of consciousness. These cultural factors shape and influence the way individuals perceive and interpret their experiences in altered states. Therefore, the meaning of these sensations is not universally the same but rather dependent on the cultural context in which they are experienced.

Megacorporations pose a threat to national governments because it is difficult for governments to obtain information from them for making informed policy decisions. This lack of transparency can hinder the government's ability to regulate and control the actions of these corporations, potentially leading to issues such as tax evasion, exploitation of resources, or unfair business practices. Without access to pertinent information, governments may struggle to effectively govern and protect the interests of their citizens.

Bilateral descent is a type of descent system in which individuals trace their ancestry through both their mother's and father's lineages. In Eskimo terminology, the concept of kinship is based on bilateral descent, meaning that individuals are equally related to both their mother's and father's relatives. This is in contrast to unilineal descent systems, such as patrilineal or matrilineal, where individuals trace their ancestry through only one line. The term "bilateral" in this context refers to the equal importance and recognition of both maternal and paternal kinship ties.

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