The Intermediate Logic Test

1. All alligators can fly. All ogres are alligators. Thus, all ogres can fly.

Correct

Incorrect

The given statement establishes that all alligators can fly and all ogres are alligators. Therefore, it logically follows that all ogres can fly as well.

Explanation

The given statement establishes that all alligators can fly and all ogres are alligators. Therefore, it logically follows that all ogres can fly as well.

2. Some of the snails are mountains. All mountains adore cats. Thus, all snails adore cats

Correct

Incorrect

The given statement does not provide enough information to conclude that all snails adore cats. It only states that some snails are mountains and all mountains adore cats. However, this does not imply that all snails adore cats. It is possible for there to be snails that do not adore cats, as the statement does not establish a direct relationship between snails and cats. Therefore, the answer is incorrect.

Explanation

The given statement does not provide enough information to conclude that all snails adore cats. It only states that some snails are mountains and all mountains adore cats. However, this does not imply that all snails adore cats. It is possible for there to be snails that do not adore cats, as the statement does not establish a direct relationship between snails and cats. Therefore, the answer is incorrect.

3. Men with red noses are prohibited to become presidents. All men have red noses. Thus, no man is allowed to become a president.

Correct

Incorrect

The explanation for the correct answer is that the statement establishes a rule that men with red noses are not allowed to become presidents. It then states that all men have red noses, which means that no man is allowed to become a president according to the given rule. Therefore, the answer is correct.

Explanation

The explanation for the correct answer is that the statement establishes a rule that men with red noses are not allowed to become presidents. It then states that all men have red noses, which means that no man is allowed to become a president according to the given rule. Therefore, the answer is correct.

4. Two glades can never be alike. All pines and firs are identical. Thus, pines and firs cannot be two glades.

Correct

Incorrect

The given statement establishes that two glades can never be alike, implying that each glade is unique. It further states that all pines and firs are identical. Therefore, if pines and firs were to be two glades, it would contradict the initial statement that two glades cannot be alike. Hence, the answer is correct.

Explanation

The given statement establishes that two glades can never be alike, implying that each glade is unique. It further states that all pines and firs are identical. Therefore, if pines and firs were to be two glades, it would contradict the initial statement that two glades cannot be alike. Hence, the answer is correct.

5. All birds collect paintings. Some painting collectors are kept in birdcages. Thus, some crows are kept in birdcages

Correct

Incorrect

The given answer is incorrect. The statement "All birds collect paintings" does not imply that all painting collectors are birds. Therefore, it cannot be concluded that some crows are kept in birdcages based on the given information.

Explanation

The given answer is incorrect. The statement "All birds collect paintings" does not imply that all painting collectors are birds. Therefore, it cannot be concluded that some crows are kept in birdcages based on the given information.

6. Some men are European. Europeans have three legs.

Men with two legs are not European

Europeans, who are men, may have three legs

Europeans with two legs can be men

There are no non-European men with three legs

Men have three legs because they’re European

All answers are incorrect

The correct answer is "men with two legs are not European". This statement is a logical conclusion based on the given information that Europeans have three legs. If Europeans have three legs and men with two legs are not European, it can be inferred that only men with three legs can be European.

Explanation

The correct answer is "men with two legs are not European". This statement is a logical conclusion based on the given information that Europeans have three legs. If Europeans have three legs and men with two legs are not European, it can be inferred that only men with three legs can be European.

7. Good supervisors are banished from the sky. Bad supervisors can sing.

Bad supervisors are falling from the sky

Good supervisors who can fly can also sing

Some bad supervisors can’t sing

Some of the good supervisors are actually bad ‘cos they can sing

All answers are incorrect

The correct answer is that all answers are incorrect. None of the given statements accurately represent the information provided in the initial sentence. The sentence states that good supervisors are banished from the sky and that bad supervisors can sing. None of the given statements reflect this information.

Explanation

The correct answer is that all answers are incorrect. None of the given statements accurately represent the information provided in the initial sentence. The sentence states that good supervisors are banished from the sky and that bad supervisors can sing. None of the given statements reflect this information.

8. Bad people cheat or steal. Jane is a good girl.

Jane cheats

Jane steals

Jane does not steal

Jane cheats and steals

All answers are incorrect

Based on the given information, it is stated that bad people cheat or steal, and Jane is described as a good girl. Therefore, it can be inferred that Jane does not engage in stealing because she is considered to be a good person.

Explanation

Based on the given information, it is stated that bad people cheat or steal, and Jane is described as a good girl. Therefore, it can be inferred that Jane does not engage in stealing because she is considered to be a good person.

9. All sparrows can't fly. All sparrows have legs, though.

Sparrows can’t fly without legs

Some sparrows don’t have legs

All sparrows that have legs can’t fly

Sparrows can’t fly because they have legs

Sparrows can’t fly and they don’t have legs

All answers are incorrect

The given correct answer is "all sparrows that have legs can't fly." This answer is correct because it combines the information given in the statement. It states that all sparrows have legs, but not all sparrows can fly. Therefore, the logical conclusion is that all sparrows that have legs cannot fly.

Explanation

The given correct answer is "all sparrows that have legs can't fly." This answer is correct because it combines the information given in the statement. It states that all sparrows have legs, but not all sparrows can fly. Therefore, the logical conclusion is that all sparrows that have legs cannot fly.

10. If all roses are flowers and some flowers fade quickly, which of the following conclusions can be logically drawn?

All roses fade quickly.

Some roses fade quickly.

No roses fade quickly.

None of the above.

We know that all roses are flowers, and some flowers fade quickly. However, we don't know if the flowers that fade quickly include any roses. It's possible that some, all, or no roses fade quickly. Therefore, none of the provided conclusions can be logically drawn from the given premises.

Explanation

We know that all roses are flowers, and some flowers fade quickly. However, we don't know if the flowers that fade quickly include any roses. It's possible that some, all, or no roses fade quickly. Therefore, none of the provided conclusions can be logically drawn from the given premises.

11. Some cabbage heads are locomotives. Some locomotives can play the piano. Thus, some cabbage heads can play the piano

Correct

Incorrect

The given argument is invalid because it commits the fallacy of affirming the consequent. While it is true that some locomotives can play the piano, it does not logically follow that some cabbage heads can play the piano just because they are connected to locomotives. The argument lacks a valid logical connection between cabbage heads and their ability to play the piano. Therefore, the correct answer is incorrect.

Explanation

The given argument is invalid because it commits the fallacy of affirming the consequent. While it is true that some locomotives can play the piano, it does not logically follow that some cabbage heads can play the piano just because they are connected to locomotives. The argument lacks a valid logical connection between cabbage heads and their ability to play the piano. Therefore, the correct answer is incorrect.