Lateral And Posterior Compartments Of The Leg

Explanation
The correct answer is b) Popliteus. The popliteus muscle has a tendon that is intracapsular, meaning it is located within the joint capsule of the knee. This muscle plays a role in unlocking the knee joint during the initial stages of knee flexion.

Explanation
The correct answer is d) Tibialis anterior. The muscles listed in options a, b, and c (Gastrocnemius, Plantaris, and Tibialis posterior) are all involved in plantar flexion of the foot at the ankle joint. However, the Tibialis anterior muscle is responsible for dorsiflexion of the foot, not plantar flexion.

Explanation
The correct answer is b) Poplitus. The popliteus muscle is responsible for unlocking the knee joint by laterally rotating the femur on the tibia. It is a small muscle located at the back of the knee joint. When it contracts, it rotates the femur, allowing for flexion and extension of the knee joint.

Explanation
The superficial peroneal nerve supplies the muscles Peroneus longus and Peroneus brevis. This is indicated by the correct answer choice "d" which states that the nerve supplies both muscles.

Explanation
After a car accident, the lady experiences "foot drop" which indicates a loss of dorsiflexion and an inability to extend the toes. This suggests damage to the nerve responsible for innervating the muscles involved in dorsiflexion and toe extension. The nerve most likely to have been crushed in her accident is the tibial nerve, as it supplies the muscles responsible for these actions.

Explanation
The correct answer is b) posterior tibial artery. In this scenario, the fact that the sole of the foot is cold and pale suggests that there is a lack of blood flow to that area. The posterior tibial artery is responsible for supplying blood to the posterior leg and the sole of the foot. Therefore, if this artery is injured, it would result in a decrease in blood flow to the foot, leading to the observed symptoms.

Explanation
The patient's symptoms of localized pain in a swollen lower calf and inability to strongly plantar flex the foot suggest a possible rupture of the calcaneal tendon. The calcaneal tendon, also known as the Achilles tendon, is responsible for plantar flexion of the foot. A rupture of this tendon can cause pain, swelling, and difficulty in performing movements such as plantar flexion. Therefore, option a) calcaneal tendon is the most likely tendon that may have ruptured in this case.

Explanation
The correct answer is b) plantaris. The description of the injury mentions a "pop" in the calf, which is a common symptom of a plantaris tendon rupture. The plantaris muscle is a small muscle that attaches to the calcaneus (heel bone) and its rupture can cause tenderness, swelling, and pain in the calf. The other options (gastrocnemius, popliteus, soleus, tibialis posterior) are not specifically mentioned in the description and do not fit the symptoms described.

Explanation
A tear in the calcaneal tendon, also known as the Achilles tendon, would result in weakness in plantarflexion of the foot. The calcaneal tendon is responsible for connecting the calf muscles to the heel bone and is essential for plantarflexion, which is the movement of pointing the foot downwards. Therefore, a tear in this tendon would weaken the ability to perform plantarflexion.

Explanation
The spear passes from the inside to the outside of the leg, behind the medial malleolus. This indicates that the artery that is severed is located on the inside of the leg, which is the posterior tibial artery. Therefore, the correct answer is e) posterior tibial.

Explanation
The correct answer is c) Superficial peroneal (fibular). The nerve of the lateral leg compartment refers to the nerves that innervate the muscles and skin of the lateral leg. The superficial peroneal nerve is responsible for innervating the muscles in this compartment, as well as providing sensory innervation to the skin on the lateral side of the leg and the dorsum of the foot.

Explanation
The sustentaculum tali is a bony prominence on the calcaneus bone that helps support the talus bone in the foot. The muscle passing immediately beneath it is the flexor hallucis longus. This muscle is responsible for flexing the big toe and helps to stabilize the arch of the foot. If the sustentaculum tali is fractured, it can affect the function of the flexor hallucis longus muscle and potentially lead to difficulties with toe flexion and foot stability.

Explanation
A deep laceration immediately posterior to the medial malleolus may injure the tibial nerve, tendon of tibialis posterior muscle, tendon of flexor digitorum longus muscle, and tendon of flexor hallucis longus muscle. However, it is unlikely to injure the peroneal artery, which is located on the lateral side of the leg.

Explanation
The correct answer is e) Tibial. The lateral plantar nerve is a branch of the tibial nerve.

Explanation
The fibula gives attachment to the muscles Soleus, Biceps femoris, Flexor hallucis longus, and Peroneus tertius. Therefore, the correct answer is d) Flexor digitorum longus, as it is the only muscle listed that does not attach to the fibula.