Network Fundamentals Chapter 2

The correct order starting from layer one of the OSI model is physical, data link, network, transport, session, presentation, application. This is because the OSI model is a conceptual framework used to understand and describe how different network protocols interact. The physical layer is responsible for transmitting raw bits over a physical medium, such as cables. The data link layer provides error-free transmission of data frames between nodes on a network. The network layer handles routing and forwarding of data packets across different networks. The transport layer ensures reliable delivery of data between end systems. The session layer establishes, maintains, and terminates connections between applications. The presentation layer handles data formatting and encryption. Finally, the application layer provides services directly to the end user.

The OSI layer associated with IP addressing is the Network layer. This layer is responsible for routing and forwarding data packets across different networks. IP addressing is a key function of the Network layer as it assigns unique addresses to devices on a network, allowing them to communicate with each other. The Network layer also determines the best path for data transmission and ensures that data packets are delivered accurately and efficiently.

The PDU name of the application layer is "Data" because at the application layer, data is divided into smaller units called "Data" before being transmitted over the network. These data units are then reassembled at the receiving end to retrieve the original message or information.

The missing layer of the TCP/IP model is the Network Access layer. This layer is responsible for the physical transmission of data over the network, including the protocols and technologies used to transmit data between devices. It deals with issues such as addressing, data framing, and error detection. The Network Access layer ensures that data is properly transmitted and received between devices on the network.

The Transport layer of the OSI model is responsible for end-to-end delivery of data over a network. It ensures that data is delivered reliably and in the correct order. This layer establishes connections between devices, manages flow control, and handles error detection and correction. It also provides services like segmentation and reassembly of data packets.

A device that connects a device to the media is called a Network Interface Card (NIC). This card is responsible for providing a physical connection between a computer or other device and a network. It allows the device to communicate with other devices on the network by sending and receiving data packets. The NIC is typically inserted into an expansion slot on the device's motherboard and has ports for connecting network cables. It plays a crucial role in enabling network connectivity and facilitating data transfer between devices.

Protocols are a specific set of rules that determine the formatting of messages and the process of encapsulation used to forward data. These rules are essential for ensuring that devices can communicate and understand each other effectively. Protocols define the structure and organization of data packets, including how they are formatted, transmitted, received, and interpreted. They provide a standardized framework for data exchange, enabling seamless communication between different systems and networks.

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Multiplexing is the correct answer because it refers to the process of combining multiple data streams into a single transmission channel. This allows for efficient use of bandwidth and enables the transmission of multiple signals simultaneously. By dividing the data streams into smaller pieces, multiplexing ensures that they can be transmitted effectively and received at the destination in a synchronized manner. This helps in optimizing the utilization of network resources and improving overall data transmission efficiency.

At the Data Link layer of the OSI model, the addressing type found is MAC (Media Access Control) addressing. MAC addresses are unique identifiers assigned to network interface cards (NICs) by the manufacturer. They are used to identify devices within a local network and facilitate the communication between them. Physical addressing is also found at this layer, which refers to the actual hardware addresses assigned to devices. Therefore, MAC and Physical are the correct answers for this question.