3DX5X - Volume 2 - UREs

Voltage is applied across Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) material to change the alignment and light polarizing property. By applying a voltage, the liquid crystals in the display can be reoriented, which alters the alignment of the molecules and changes the polarization of light passing through the material. This allows for the control of light transmission and enables the display to produce different colors and shades.

Emanation best describes an unintended signals or noise appearing external to a piece of communications equipment. Emanation refers to the unintentional release of electromagnetic or acoustic signals from electronic equipment, which can be intercepted and potentially cause interference or security risks. It is important to mitigate emanations to ensure the confidentiality and integrity of communications.

The kernel is the core operating-system function responsible for managing the computer system. It acts as an intermediary between the hardware and software, providing essential services such as memory management, process scheduling, and device drivers. The kernel is responsible for managing system resources and ensuring that different programs and processes can run efficiently and securely. The shell, device manager, and processor manager are all components of the operating system, but the kernel is the central component that oversees their coordination and functioning.

The correct answer is "Troubleshoot interface" because it is not a category of the operating system's task categories. The operating system's task categories typically include user interface, memory management, and processor management. The troubleshoot interface is not a standard category of tasks performed by the operating system.

The DISN backbone is the correct answer because it serves as the conduit for Joint Worldwide Intelligence Communication System (JWICS) data transmission from one location to another. The DISN backbone is a secure and reliable network infrastructure that connects various military and intelligence agencies, allowing them to share information and communicate effectively. It provides the necessary infrastructure and bandwidth to facilitate the transmission of JWICS data, ensuring that it reaches its intended destination securely and efficiently.

IPv6 addresses are expressed in the colon hexadecimal format to make them more user-friendly. In this format, the address is divided into eight groups of four hexadecimal digits, separated by colons. This makes it easier for users to read and remember the address compared to binary or dotted decimal notation. Hexadecimal notation allows for a more compact representation of the address, as it uses a base-16 system instead of base-10. This format also aligns with the hexadecimal system used in computer programming, making it more familiar to users in the technology field.

When a risk of a network system attack has been identified, the condition that requires all unclassified dial-up connections to be disconnected is INFOCON 3. INFOCON (Information Operations Condition) is a system used by the military to indicate the level of threat to information systems. INFOCON 3 indicates an increased risk level where there is a significant possibility of an attack. Disconnecting unclassified dial-up connections helps to mitigate the risk by limiting access to the network and preventing potential attackers from gaining unauthorized access.

Class D is the correct answer because it is the class of IP addresses specifically reserved for multicast addressing. Multicast addressing allows a single packet to be sent to multiple recipients simultaneously, making it efficient for applications like streaming media or online gaming where a single source needs to reach multiple destinations. Class D addresses range from 224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255.

An uninvestigated or unevaluated occurrence that potentially jeopardizes the security of COMSEC material or the secure transmission of government information is best described as an incident. This term refers to any event or situation that could compromise the confidentiality, integrity, or availability of sensitive information. It highlights the importance of promptly addressing and investigating such occurrences to mitigate any potential security risks.

Regional operation centers perform Network Operations (NETOPS) at Tier 2 level. At this level, they ensure operational and administrative control by implementing Systems and Network Management Information Assurance/Network Defense (IA/NetD), and Information Dissemination Management. Tier 2 is responsible for monitoring and managing network infrastructure, detecting and resolving network issues, and coordinating with Tier 1 and Tier 3 for support and escalation.

The liquid crystal display is a feature that lets you know that you have dialed the correct number at the proper level of security while using the Red Switch. It is a visual display that shows information such as the dialed number or the level of security, providing immediate feedback to the user. This ensures that the correct number has been dialed and the appropriate security measures are in place.

An IPv4 address is a numerical label assigned to each device connected to a computer network that uses the Internet Protocol for communication. It is a 32-bit address, which means it consists of 32 binary digits or bits. This allows for a total of 2^32 (approximately 4.3 billion) unique addresses, which are used to identify and locate devices on the internet.

Analog modems are devices used to transmit data over telephone lines. They convert digital signals into analog signals that can be transmitted over the voice band range of a telephone line. The voice band range typically spans from 20 Hz to 20 kHz, which is the range of human hearing. Therefore, analog modems are designed to operate within this frequency range to ensure that the transmitted signals can be accurately received and understood by the receiving modem.

The correct answer is 30 days after the initial report is issued. This means that the final reports of a communication security incident should be submitted 30 days after the initial report has been officially released or made available. This allows for sufficient time to gather all necessary information, conduct investigations, and compile a comprehensive report detailing the incident and any actions taken to address it.

The Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is a transport layer protocol that provides reliable data delivery services. TCP ensures that data sent over the network is received by the destination in the correct order and without any errors. It uses various mechanisms such as sequencing, acknowledgment, and retransmission to guarantee the reliable delivery of data. TCP is widely used in applications that require dependable and error-free data transmission, such as web browsing, email, and file transfer.

Port 8080 is a commonly used port that contains Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP) servers and proxies. While port 80 is the default port for HTTP, port 8080 is often used as an alternative port for HTTP servers and proxies. This allows for multiple web servers or applications to run on the same machine, each using a different port. It is also commonly used for testing and development purposes.

The correct answer is Datacenter Edition. This edition of Windows Server is specifically designed to support high-end, high traffic application servers. It offers advanced features such as unlimited virtualization rights, high availability, and scalability. It is suitable for large organizations and data centers that require robust performance and reliability for their critical applications.

The Bourne shell is the name of the standard all-purpose shell that is most commonly used. It was developed by Stephen Bourne and is one of the oldest and most widely used shells in Unix-like operating systems. It provides a command-line interface for users to interact with the operating system and execute commands. The Bourne shell is known for its simplicity and portability, making it a popular choice for scripting and automation tasks.

COMPUSEC, short for Computer Security, is the applied discipline that applies measures and controls to protect data in computer systems against unauthorized disclosure, modification, or destruction. It involves implementing various security measures such as firewalls, encryption, access controls, and intrusion detection systems to safeguard computer systems and the data they contain.

Routers operate at Layer 3 of the Open System Interconnection (OSI) model, which is the network layer. This layer is responsible for routing and forwarding data packets between different networks. Routers use IP addresses to determine the best path for data transmission and make decisions on how to route packets to their destination. Layer 3 also provides services such as addressing, packet fragmentation, and error handling.

OPSEC, or Operations Security, is the correct answer. It is a security program that involves identifying critical information and analyzing friendly actions related to military operations and other activities. OPSEC is designed to prevent potential adversaries from obtaining sensitive information that could be used against military operations or national security.

A bridge is a Data Link layer network device that logically separates a single network into two segments or collision domains in Ethernet networks. It receives data frames from one segment and forwards them only to the segment where the intended recipient is located, effectively reducing collisions and improving network performance. Unlike a hub, which simply broadcasts data to all connected devices, a bridge intelligently filters and forwards data based on the destination MAC address, making it a more efficient and secure option for segmenting networks.

Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) is an example of an Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP). BGP is used to exchange routing information between different autonomous systems (AS) on the internet. It is responsible for determining the best path for data packets to travel between different networks. BGP is widely used by internet service providers (ISPs) to establish and maintain routing tables, making it a crucial protocol for ensuring efficient and reliable internet connectivity.

Aggregatable Global is the correct answer because it refers to a unicast address scope that allows for hierarchical design and allocation. In this scope, the Network ID portion of the address is broken up into different areas, which enables efficient routing and management of IP addresses. This type of address is publicly accessible, meaning it can be used on the internet and is not limited to a specific site or link.

The AN/CYZ-10 /DTD encryption device is capable of loading up to 500 keys.

Network switches and bridges operate at the Data Link layer of the Open System Interconnect (OSI) model. The Data Link layer is responsible for the reliable transmission of data between adjacent network nodes over a physical link. It handles the framing of data into frames, error detection and correction, and flow control. Network switches and bridges use MAC addresses to forward data packets within a local area network (LAN), making decisions based on the Data Link layer information.

A Universal Serial Bus (USB) can handle up to 127 peripherals at once. This is because USB uses a 7-bit address scheme, allowing for a maximum of 127 unique addresses. Each peripheral connected to the USB is assigned a unique address, and the USB controller can communicate with each peripheral individually using these addresses. Therefore, the correct answer is 127.

Fragment-free forwarding method, also known as runtless switching, is a type of forwarding method used in network switches. It is designed to minimize the possibility of forwarding corrupted or incomplete frames. In this method, the switch waits for a brief period of time (usually 64 bytes) to ensure that the incoming frame is not a runt (a frame that is too small to be valid). By checking the first 64 bytes of the frame, the switch can determine if it is a valid frame or if it needs to be discarded. This method helps to improve network reliability and reduce the chances of forwarding errors.

The TSEC/KIV-7 encryption device may rarely be seen due to its lower maximum data rate.

The given answer, 1234:1234:0:0:1234:0:0:1234, is expressed in leading zero compression for IPv6. Leading zero compression allows consecutive blocks of zeros to be represented by double colons (::) instead of writing out all the zeros. In this case, the blocks of zeros between the numbers have been compressed using double colons, resulting in a shorter and more concise representation of the IPv6 address.

The Global Positioning System program is responsible for maintaining GPS time to within 1 microsecond of universal time code. This means that the GPS system is designed to keep time accurate to within a millionth of a second compared to the universal time code. This level of precision is crucial for accurate positioning and navigation using GPS technology.

The correct answer is the Warrior component. The Warrior component refers to the items that are essential for directly connecting the warfighter to the global network. This component plays a crucial role in ensuring that the warfighter has direct access to the global information grid, enabling effective communication and access to information in real-time.

The Data Service Unit (DSU) is responsible for adapting the digital data stream from the customer's equipment to the signaling standards of the telephone carrier equipment. This means that the DSU converts the data into a format that is compatible with the carrier's equipment, ensuring that the data can be transmitted effectively and accurately. The DSU plays a crucial role in ensuring that the data can be successfully transmitted over the telephone network.

INFOCON 5 indicates a normal state of readiness where there is no specific threat or apparent terrorist activity against computer networks. This means that there are no indications or reports of any malicious activities or attacks targeting computer networks. It suggests that the overall security situation is stable and there is no immediate need for heightened vigilance or specific countermeasures against terrorist activities in the cyber domain.

Enterprise Edition provides support for features such as Windows System Resource Manager and Metadirectory Services. These features are not available in other systems like AERO, Standard Edition, or Datacenter Edition. Therefore, Enterprise Edition is the correct answer for this question.

INFOCON 4 is the correct answer because it represents an increased risk of attack. INFOCON (Information Operations Condition) is a system used by the military to indicate the level of readiness and vulnerability to cyber threats. INFOCON 4 signifies an increased risk of attack, which requires increased monitoring of all network system activities to ensure the security and integrity of the network.

The correct answer is "Workgroup" because in a workgroup network model, each computer operates independently and does not have a centralized user account system. In a workgroup, each computer has its own local user accounts and passwords, and there is no central authority or server managing user accounts. This is different from a domain or Active Directory model, where user accounts are centrally managed and authenticated by a domain controller server. User Group is not a network model, but rather a term used to refer to a collection of user accounts with similar permissions or access rights.

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Flash Override is a type of Defense Switched Network (DSN) precedence call that cannot be preempted. This means that when a Flash Override call is made, it takes priority over all other calls and cannot be interrupted or stopped by any other type of call. Flash Override calls are typically used for critical and emergency situations where immediate communication is necessary and cannot be delayed or interrupted.

AFI 10-701 covers the security program known as OPSEC. OPSEC, or Operations Security, is a systematic process used to identify, analyze, and protect sensitive information that could be used by adversaries to compromise the mission or operations of an organization. It involves identifying critical information, assessing potential threats, and implementing measures to mitigate those threats and protect the information. AFI 10-701 provides guidance and instructions for implementing OPSEC within the Air Force.

The COMSEC program is designed to detect and correct procedural weaknesses that could potentially expose critical information. This means that it focuses on identifying any vulnerabilities or weaknesses in the procedures and protocols related to communication security. By doing so, the program aims to prevent any unauthorized access or exposure of sensitive information, ensuring the protection of critical data and maintaining the overall security of the system.

A FireWire bus can support up to 63 devices. FireWire is a high-speed serial bus interface that allows multiple devices to be connected and communicate with each other. The maximum number of devices that can be connected to a FireWire bus is limited to 63 due to addressing limitations. Each device connected to the bus requires a unique address, and the addressing scheme for FireWire allows for a maximum of 63 unique addresses. Therefore, the correct answer is 63.

Software is generally divided into three main categories: systems software, operating systems software, and applications software. Systems software refers to programs that manage and control the computer hardware, such as compilers, assemblers, and device drivers. Operating systems software is a specific type of systems software that provides an interface between the computer hardware and the user, allowing the user to interact with the computer and run applications. Applications software includes programs that perform specific tasks or functions, such as word processors, spreadsheets, and web browsers. Therefore, the correct answer is systems software, operating systems software, and applications software.

Non-internet protocols are sent across the Secret Internet Protocol Router Network (SIPRNET) by being encapsulated by the internet protocol before transmission. This means that the non-internet protocols are wrapped within internet protocol packets, allowing them to be transmitted across the SIPRNET. This encapsulation ensures that the non-internet protocols can be properly transmitted and understood by the devices and systems within the SIPRNET.

The Defense Information Systems Agency (DISA) is responsible for the design, acquisition, and single systems management of the Defense Switched Network. DISA is an agency of the United States Department of Defense and its mission is to provide information technology and communications support to the military. They are responsible for ensuring the availability, integrity, and confidentiality of the Defense Switched Network, which is a secure voice and data telecommunications network used by the Department of Defense.

The maximum asynchronous data rate for the Defense Red Switch Network (DRSN) is 19.2 Kbps.

A modem is a device that modulates digital data onto an analog carrier for transmission over an analog medium. This means that the modem takes the digital data, which is in the form of 0s and 1s, and converts it into analog signals that can be transmitted over traditional telephone lines or other analog communication channels. The analog carrier refers to the continuous wave that carries the modulated data. This allows the digital data to be transmitted over analog mediums such as telephone lines, which are designed for analog signals.

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The KG-84 is an internet protocol encryption device that can be directly connected to Red local area networks. It is designed to provide secure communication over networks and protect sensitive information from unauthorized access. The other options listed, KG-194, KIV-7, and KG175, are not specifically mentioned as being able to be directly connected to Red local area networks, making KG-84 the correct answer.

The purpose of the standardized tactical entry point terminal is to provide a foxhole to National Command Authority link for commanders. This means that it serves as a communication link between commanders in the field and the National Command Authority, allowing them to relay important information and receive instructions in real-time. This ensures effective and efficient communication between commanders and higher-level authorities, enhancing command and control capabilities in tactical operations.

Relative pathnames begin at the current working directory. Unlike absolute pathnames, which start from the root directory, relative pathnames are specified relative to the current working directory. This means that the path is determined based on the current location of the user or program, making it easier to navigate within the file system.

AF Form 1109 is used as a visitor register log to record visitors into restricted areas. This form is specifically designed for the purpose of documenting and tracking visitors who enter restricted areas. It is important to maintain accurate records of visitors in order to ensure security and accountability within these areas. AF Form 1109 provides a standardized format for recording visitor information such as name, purpose of visit, and duration of stay. By using this form, organizations can effectively manage access to restricted areas and monitor the presence of visitors for security purposes.

Common data compression and encryption schemes are used at the Presentation layer of the Open System Interconnect (OSI) model. This layer is responsible for formatting and presenting data to the application layer. Data compression reduces the size of data for efficient transmission, while encryption ensures the security and confidentiality of data. Therefore, it is at the Presentation layer where these schemes are implemented.

The Air Force Communications Agency is responsible for assigning communication security incident report case numbers.

The responsibility for maintenance of the sustaining base portion of the Defense Information System Network lies with the service that owns the installation. This means that the specific branch of the military that operates and maintains the installation is responsible for the upkeep and functionality of the network.

The correct answer is "sensitive but unclassified." This term refers to information that is not classified but still requires protection due to its potential to cause harm if disclosed. It signifies that the information is sensitive and should be handled with caution to prevent any negative impact on national security.

The first step in merging voice, data, and video networks into one integrated network within the Air Force is to integrate traditional TDM switches with voice over IP systems. This means combining the existing traditional time division multiplexing switches with voice over IP technology to create a unified network that can handle voice, data, and video traffic efficiently. This approach allows for a seamless integration of different types of communication systems and ensures smooth operations within the Air Force network.

At Tier 1, responsibility for the worldwide management and operational oversight of the defense information infrastructure is globally managed.

AFI 33-119 is the correct reference for guidance on Air Force messaging. This document provides the guidelines and procedures for creating and transmitting messages within the Air Force. It covers topics such as message formats, handling classified information, and ensuring message accuracy and timeliness. By referring to AFI 33-119, Air Force personnel can ensure that their messaging practices align with established standards and protocols.

Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR) is a method that borrows bits from the host field of an IP address to create a subnet. CIDR allows for more flexibility in assigning IP addresses and creating subnets by using variable-length subnet masks. With CIDR, the length of the subnet mask can be adjusted to accommodate the specific needs of the network, allowing for more efficient use of IP addresses. This method is commonly used in modern networking to improve scalability and address space utilization.

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Link-local addresses operate within a network segment and do not require a router to direct traffic. These addresses are automatically assigned to interfaces on the network and are used for communication within the local network only. They cannot be routed outside of the network segment and are not globally unique. Therefore, link-local is the correct answer for the given question.

AF Form 3227 is used as a cover sheet to protect Privacy Act material.

Responsiveness is provided in the Defense Switched Network (DSN) through precedence access thresholding. This means that the DSN prioritizes certain types of traffic based on their level of importance or urgency. By setting access thresholds, the network can ensure that high-priority traffic, such as emergency communications or critical military operations, receive preferential treatment and are processed quickly. This prioritization helps to improve the overall responsiveness of the DSN and ensures that important communications are not delayed or hindered by lower-priority traffic.

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The correct answer is SF 153. The SF 153 form is used with a transfer report to accompany a COMSEC package. This form is specifically designed for the transfer of COMSEC materials and provides a record of the transfer, including information such as the date, time, location, and individuals involved in the transfer. It helps to ensure accountability and security in the handling of COMSEC materials.

Common policy and standards refer to a set of guidelines and rules that are followed by all service branches in the Global Information Grid. These policies and standards ensure consistency and compatibility in the transmission of information between different branches. By having a common policy and standards, the system can seamlessly integrate and exchange information, allowing for efficient communication and collaboration among the service branches.

The correct answer is "Telecommunications Electronic Material Protected from Emanating Spurious Transmissions." This term refers to technical investigations for compromising emanations from electrically operated data processing equipment. It specifically focuses on protecting electronic material from emitting spurious transmissions that could potentially compromise security. The term "Emission security" is too broad and does not specifically mention the protection of electronic material. "Communication security" refers to the protection of communication channels, not specifically emanations from data processing equipment. "Computer security" is a broader term that encompasses various aspects of protecting computer systems, but it does not specifically address emanating spurious transmissions.

The correct answer is Routine use. A Privacy Act Statement is a document that informs individuals about the collection, use, and disclosure of their personal information. It is required by law for federal agencies to provide this statement when collecting personal information. The routine use item in the Privacy Act Statement specifies the circumstances under which the information may be disclosed outside the Department of Defense (DOD). It provides a list of where and why the information will be disclosed, ensuring transparency and accountability in the handling of personal information.

The correct answer is AFI 31-501. This Air Force Instruction provides official guidance on individual security clearances and permitting access to classified information. It outlines the procedures and requirements for granting and maintaining security clearances, as well as the responsibilities of individuals and agencies involved in the security clearance process. It is a comprehensive resource for ensuring the protection of classified information within the Air Force.

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The correct answer is "B" because when the level of security requires a significant degree of deterrence against hostile acts, certain resources are designated as a priority. These resources are given extra protection and measures to prevent any potential threats or attacks. By designating priority to these resources, it ensures that they receive the necessary attention and resources to maintain a high level of security and deter any hostile acts effectively.

SF 708 is the correct form to use for labeling removable storage media containing "confidential" information. The SF 708 form is specifically designed for this purpose and provides a standardized way to label and track sensitive information. Using the correct form ensures that the media is properly identified and handled according to security protocols.

A sustaining base refers to a fixed location that provides support and resources to military operations. This can include personnel, equipment, and infrastructure. In the context of the Defense Information System Network (DISN), a person in a sustaining base can be located thousands of miles away from combat, as they are not directly involved in the deployed Area of Responsibility. Therefore, the correct answer is a person sitting in a fixed location thousands of miles from combat.