Nervous System Cells: Warm Up 1

The statement is true because the blood-brain barrier is a highly selective semipermeable membrane that separates the circulating blood from the brain tissue. It acts as a protective barrier that prevents harmful substances, such as toxins and pathogens, from entering the brain. It also regulates the transport of essential nutrients and maintains a stable environment by preventing fluctuations in ion and molecule concentrations. Overall, the blood-brain barrier plays a crucial role in maintaining the optimal conditions necessary for the normal functioning of the human brain.

The nervous system is composed of two main types of cells, neurons and glia. Neurons are responsible for transmitting electrical signals and information throughout the body, while glia provide support and protection for the neurons. This includes functions such as insulation, nutrient supply, and immune defense. Therefore, the correct answer is neurons and glia.

Myelin is the correct answer for number 4. Myelin is a substance that forms a protective covering around nerve fibers, including axons. It is produced by oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system and Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system. Myelin helps to insulate and speed up the transmission of electrical signals along the axons, allowing for efficient communication between neurons.

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Schwann cells are a type of glia cell that is observed in the image. They are only found in the Peripheral Nervous System. Schwann cells play a crucial role in supporting and protecting neurons by forming the myelin sheath around nerve fibers. This insulation helps in the efficient conduction of nerve impulses. Schwann cells also aid in the regeneration of damaged nerves.

Astrocytes are known as "the stars of the nervous system" because of their star-shaped appearance. They are a type of neuroglia that provide structural support to neurons and help regulate the chemical environment of the brain. Astrocytes also play a role in the formation and maintenance of synapses, the connections between neurons that allow for communication in the nervous system. They are involved in various important functions such as regulating blood flow, providing nutrients to neurons, and repairing damaged neural tissue.

Astrocytes are a type of glial cell found in the central nervous system. They are star-shaped cells that provide support and nourishment to neurons. They help regulate the chemical environment around neurons, maintain the blood-brain barrier, and play a role in synaptic transmission. Astrocytes also have important functions in repairing brain injuries and modulating neural activity. Therefore, astrocyte is the correct answer to number 6.

Number 7 in the given list is "Synapses". Synapses are the junctions between neurons that allow for communication between them. They are responsible for transmitting signals from one neuron to another, enabling the transfer of information throughout the nervous system.

The correct answer is "Axon." In the given list, "Axon" is the second item mentioned. The question asks to identify number 2, and "Axon" is the correct identification for that number.

Neuroglia cells are located in the Central Nervous System. The Central Nervous System consists of the brain and spinal cord. Neuroglia cells, also known as glial cells, are non-neuronal cells that provide support and protection to the neurons in the CNS. They play a crucial role in maintaining the structural integrity of the CNS and regulating the environment around the neurons.

The correct answer is Microglia. Microglia are a type of neuroglia cell that are found in the central nervous system. They are the smallest and least numerous of the neuroglia cells and are responsible for immune defense and maintaining the health of neurons. In the electron transmission microphotograph, microglia can be identified based on their distinct morphology and characteristics. They have a small cell body with long, branching processes that extend outwards. This allows them to constantly survey the surrounding environment and respond to any signs of injury or infection.

Oligodendrocytes are a type of glia cell that are responsible for producing myelin, which is a fatty substance that forms a protective covering around axons in the central nervous system. The correct answer, number 1, is Oligodendrocyte.

Microglia is the correct answer for number 5. Microglia are a type of glial cell found in the central nervous system. They function as the immune cells of the brain, helping to protect and support neurons. They are responsible for removing damaged cells and debris, as well as regulating inflammation and immune responses in the brain.

Ependymal cells resemble epithelial cells and form thin sheets that line fluid-filled cavities in the spinal cord and the brain. They play a crucial role in the production and circulation of cerebrospinal fluid, which helps protect and nourish the central nervous system.

The estimated number of glia (neuroglia) in the human nervous system is 9,000,000,000.