Surgical Tech Exam X

A mediastinoscope is an endoscope that is specifically designed to provide a view of the middle of the thorax, between the two pleural sacs. It is used for diagnostic purposes, particularly in evaluating lymph nodes and other structures in the mediastinum. A bronchoscope is used to examine the airways in the lungs, a laryngoscope is used to examine the larynx, and a thoracoscope is used to examine the inside of the chest cavity. Therefore, the correct answer in this case is mediastinoscope.

The purpose of the beam splitter in an operating microscope is to coincide the assistant's field of view with the surgeon's. This allows the assistant to see exactly what the surgeon is seeing, which is important for effective communication and coordination during surgery. It helps in providing real-time assistance and ensures that both the surgeon and assistant have a clear view of the surgical site.

Universal precautions are a set of infection control practices that are used to prevent the transmission of diseases in healthcare settings. These precautions include wearing personal protective equipment (PPE) such as gloves, masks, and gowns, as well as practicing proper hand hygiene. By following universal precautions, healthcare workers can minimize their exposure to surgical smoke, which may contain harmful substances, and protect themselves and their patients from potential health risks.

Chest drainage accomplishes several factors, including draining fluid and air from the pleural cavity, providing a water seal for gravity drainage, and controlling suction through the level of water. However, it does not accomplish positive pressure re-establishment. Positive pressure re-establishment refers to the restoration of normal positive pressure within the pleural cavity, which is not a function of chest drainage.

The statement "a count is unnecessary in a vaginal procedure" is not true. In any surgical procedure, including vaginal procedures, it is necessary to perform a count of all the surgical instruments, sponges, and other materials used. This is done to ensure that nothing is left inside the patient's body, which could lead to complications such as infection or injury. Therefore, the correct answer is that all the other statements are true except for the one about a count being unnecessary in a vaginal procedure.

An abduction pillow is used to immobilize the hip joints after surgery. This pillow helps to keep the legs separated and prevents the hip joints from moving closer together. By maintaining this position, the abduction pillow promotes proper healing and prevents any further damage to the surgical site. It also helps to reduce pain and discomfort by providing support and stability to the hip joints. Therefore, the use of an abduction pillow is an effective method for immobilizing the hip joints after surgery.

Disposable chest drainage units are used to drain fluid or air from the intrapleural space, maintain a seal to prevent air from entering the pleural cavity, and provide suction control determined by water-level. However, they do not aid in re-establishing positive pressure in the intrapleural space. The purpose of a chest drainage unit is to remove excess fluid or air, not to increase pressure.

The dressing used after nasal surgery is "moustache". This answer suggests that a dressing resembling a moustache is used after nasal surgery. This could refer to a dressing that covers the upper lip area and extends to the sides of the nose, providing support and protection to the surgical site.

A central venous catheter is usually inserted into the external jugular vein. This vein is located in the neck and provides a direct route to the superior vena cava, which is a large vein that carries deoxygenated blood from the upper body to the heart. Inserting the catheter into the external jugular vein allows for easy access to the central circulation and facilitates the administration of medications, fluids, and blood products. Additionally, this vein is relatively superficial and easily visible, making it a preferred site for central venous catheter insertion.

Tincture of benzoin is used for a protective skin coating because it has antiseptic properties and forms a thin, protective film on the skin. This film helps to protect the skin from irritants, moisture, and friction, promoting healing and preventing infection. Additionally, tincture of benzoin can also help to improve the adherence of dressings or bandages to the skin, providing further protection and support.

A Fogarty catheter would facilitate the removal of small gallstones. The Fogarty catheter is a specialized balloon catheter that can be inserted into the bile duct to capture and remove small stones. The balloon at the tip of the catheter can be inflated to create a seal, allowing the stones to be safely extracted from the duct. This type of catheter is commonly used in minimally invasive procedures for stone removal, providing a safe and effective method for treating gallstones.

A choledochoscopy is a procedure used to examine the common bile duct. The setup described, which includes a bag of normal saline, sterile IV tubing, an IV pole, and a pressure bag, is commonly used during choledochoscopy. The normal saline is used to flush the common bile duct, the sterile IV tubing is used to deliver the saline into the duct, the IV pole is used to hang the bag and keep it at the appropriate height, and the pressure bag is used to control the flow of saline into the duct. Therefore, the correct answer is choledochoscopy.

Shoulder braces would be indicated in the extreme Trendelenburg position. Extreme Trendelenburg is a position where the patient's head is lower than the rest of the body, with the feet elevated. This position is often used in certain surgical procedures, such as pelvic surgeries. Shoulder braces are used to secure the patient's shoulders and prevent them from sliding down the operating table during surgery. By using shoulder braces in the extreme Trendelenburg position, the patient's shoulders can be effectively immobilized and provide stability during the procedure.

Moistened drapes are not measures used to control the effects of the laser plume. Smoke evacuators, suctions, and high filtration masks are all commonly used to control the laser plume by removing or filtering the smoke and particles generated during laser procedures. Moistened drapes, on the other hand, are typically used to create a sterile field or to prevent contamination during surgery, but they do not directly control the effects of the laser plume.

Skin closure tapes can be used as a supplement to a subcuticular closure. They provide additional support and help to keep the edges of the incision together, promoting proper healing. These tapes are adhesive and can be applied directly to the skin, providing a secure closure without the need for additional sutures or staples. They are often used in conjunction with subcuticular sutures to enhance the strength and stability of the closure, particularly in areas where there is tension or movement.

The procedure of soaking the lens in solvent for 10 minutes and drying it with a cotton ball is inappropriate when caring for optic lenses. Solvents can damage the lens material and cause discoloration or cloudiness. It is best to avoid using solvents on optic lenses and instead use a gentle cleaning solution specifically designed for lens cleaning.

Argon laser emission is primarily absorbed in tissue by hemoglobin or melanin. Hemoglobin is a protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen, and melanin is a pigment responsible for skin, hair, and eye color. The absorption of argon laser light by these substances allows for targeted treatment of blood vessels or pigmented lesions in medical procedures such as laser surgery or dermatology. CO2, Nd-YAG, and helium-neon lasers have different wavelengths and are not primarily absorbed by hemoglobin or melanin.

Stockinette is a type of seamless tubular cotton fabric that can stretch to fit the contours of the body. It is commonly used for padding in medical applications, such as wrapping wounds or providing support for injured areas. This fabric is soft, breathable, and comfortable to wear, making it an ideal choice for medical purposes. Webril, on the other hand, is a non-woven cotton fabric that is often used for padding and protection, but it does not have the same stretch and contouring capabilities as stockinette. Ace bandage and sheet wadding are not specifically designed for padding and contouring purposes like stockinette.

A radiant warmer would be found in a cesarean section procedure. This is because a cesarean section is a surgical procedure in which a baby is delivered through an incision in the mother's abdomen and uterus. The radiant warmer is used to provide warmth to the newborn immediately after birth, as they may have difficulty regulating their body temperature.

Halon is the fire extinguisher of choice for a laser fire because it is effective in extinguishing fires caused by lasers. Halon is a clean agent that does not leave any residue, making it suitable for use in sensitive electronic equipment like lasers. It works by chemically interrupting the combustion process, effectively suppressing the fire. Additionally, Halon is non-conductive and non-corrosive, minimizing the risk of damage to the laser equipment.

The use of ebonized instruments, anodized instruments, and reflective drapes are all measures employed to reduce laser-induced injuries. Ebonized instruments are made of wood and are non-reflective, reducing the risk of laser reflection. Anodized instruments have a protective coating that makes them less reflective. Reflective drapes are used to shield the surrounding area from laser beams. However, plastic vaginal and rectal speculums are not specifically designed to reduce laser-induced injuries.

A blood filter is the most necessary item for a blood transfusion. This is because a blood filter is used to remove any impurities or clots from the donated blood before it is transfused into the recipient's body. It helps ensure that only clean and safe blood is administered, reducing the risk of complications or infections during the transfusion process.

The correct answer is "damp dust lenses with detergent-disinfectant before use" because using a detergent-disinfectant on lenses can damage them. Instead, lenses should be cleaned using a specialized lens cleaning solution and a lens cleaning cloth to avoid scratching or damaging the lenses.

The placement of a Levin tube would be in the stomach. A Levin tube is a type of nasogastric tube that is inserted through the nose and down into the stomach. It is commonly used for various medical purposes such as feeding, administering medications, or removing gastric contents. The tube is specifically designed to be placed in the stomach, allowing for direct access to the organ and facilitating the desired medical interventions.

The Pezzar catheter is actually a type of ureteral catheter tip, so it is not the correct answer. The other options listed, including whistle, olive, and Braasch bulb, are all types of ureteral catheter tips.

Extracorporeal circulation refers to the process of circulating blood outside of the body. This means that the blood is being pumped and oxygenated by a machine, such as a heart-lung bypass machine, instead of the body's own heart and lungs. This technique is commonly used during surgeries that require the heart to be stopped or when the lungs need to be bypassed. By redirecting the blood flow outside of the body, the surgeon can perform necessary procedures while maintaining oxygenation and circulation throughout the rest of the body.

Elastoplast is the correct answer because it is an elastic adhesive bandage. Elastoplast is a brand that produces adhesive bandages made of elastic material, allowing them to stretch and conform to the body's shape. These bandages are commonly used for support and compression in sports injuries or to secure dressings in place. The other options listed, such as flexible collodion, Ace bandage, and Scultetus binder, do not specifically refer to elastic adhesive bandages.

A dissecting sponge made of gauze that is used to dissect or absorb fluid is called a peanut. This term is commonly used in medical settings to refer to a small, absorbent sponge that is shaped like a peanut. It is used during surgical procedures to absorb blood and other fluids, as well as to provide a clean and dry environment for the surgeon to work in. The name "peanut" likely comes from the shape and size of the sponge, which resembles a small peanut.

Chest rolls, also known as bolsters, are used to facilitate respiration. They help to support the chest and elevate it slightly, allowing for easier breathing. By providing this support, chest rolls can help to open up the airways and improve lung function. This can be particularly beneficial for individuals who may have difficulty breathing, such as those with respiratory conditions or limited mobility. By facilitating respiration, chest rolls can help to improve overall comfort and well-being for the individual.

Hegar dilator is not used for urethral dilation. Hegar dilators are typically used for cervical dilation during gynecological procedures. They are slender, rod-like instruments with a rounded tip and a gradual increase in diameter along the length. While McCarthy dilator, VanBuren sound, and Phillips filliform and followers are commonly used for urethral dilation, Hegar dilator serves a different purpose in gynecology.

Prolene is a synthetic mesh that can be used in the presence of infection. It is a non-absorbable material that is resistant to bacterial colonization, making it suitable for use in infected surgical sites. Prolene is commonly used in hernia repairs and other surgical procedures where there is a risk of infection. Gore-tex and Mersilene, on the other hand, are not recommended for use in infected areas.

When a sponge is intentionally left in a patient during a surgical procedure, a notation is placed on the operative record. This is done to ensure that there is a clear documentation of the incident for future reference. The notation serves as a record of the mistake made during the procedure and can be used to track any necessary follow-up actions or investigations. It also helps to ensure transparency and accountability in the medical practice.

Cottonoid strips are commonly used in surgical procedures to control bleeding and provide hemostasis. A laminectomy is a surgical procedure that involves removing a portion of the vertebral bone to relieve pressure on the spinal cord or nerves. This procedure often involves delicate manipulation of the surrounding tissues and structures, which can result in bleeding. Cottonoid strips can be used to absorb blood and provide gentle pressure to the surgical site, helping to control bleeding and maintain a clear field of view for the surgeon. Therefore, a laminectomy would require the use of cottonoid strips.

The Sengstaken-Blakemore tube is used to control bleeding in patients with rupture of esophageal varices. This tube is inserted through the nose or mouth and down into the esophagus and stomach. It has two balloons, one in the esophagus and one in the stomach, which apply pressure to the bleeding varices and help stop the bleeding. The Sengstaken-Blakemore tube is a temporary measure to stabilize the patient until more definitive treatment can be provided.

The purpose of the "slit" lamp in eye surgery is to define depth perception. This instrument allows the surgeon to examine the eye in detail and assess the depth of various structures within the eye. By using a narrow beam of light, the slit lamp helps to create a three-dimensional view of the eye, which is crucial for accurate diagnosis and treatment during eye surgery.

Ebonization refers to the process of coating instruments in order to reduce their reflectivity. This coating helps to minimize glare or reflection, which can be distracting or interfere with visibility during surgical procedures or other tasks that require precise instrument handling. By decreasing reflectivity, ebonization improves visibility and allows for better control and accuracy when using these instruments.

A mushroom catheter is a type of catheter that has a rounded tip resembling the shape of a mushroom. It is commonly used in medical procedures to drain fluids or administer medication into the bladder or other body cavities. The rounded shape of the tip helps to prevent the catheter from slipping out once it is inserted, making it suitable for long-term use.

Sequential pneumatic compression boots are a motorized device that applies intermittent pressure to the legs, promoting blood flow and preventing venous stasis. This action reduces the risk of deep-vein clotting, especially in high-risk patients. Unlike the other options listed, such as the pneumatic antishock garment, military antishock trousers (MAST), or TED stockings, sequential pneumatic compression boots specifically target the lower extremities and provide a controlled compression pattern to enhance blood circulation and prevent clot formation.

Stereotactic surgery is a precise surgical technique that involves targeting specific areas of the brain with the help of imaging technology. It is used to treat various neurological conditions such as tumors, Parkinson's disease, and epilepsy. The surgery involves the use of a stereotactic frame that provides a three-dimensional coordinate system to guide the surgeon in navigating the brain. Therefore, the correct answer is brain, as stereotactic surgery specifically targets and operates on the brain.

Suspension microlaryngoscopy is the correct answer because it refers to a procedure that involves the use of a self-retaining laryngoscope and microscope. This procedure allows for a detailed examination and treatment of the larynx, and it is typically performed under general anesthesia. The use of a self-retaining laryngoscope helps to keep the larynx in an optimal position, while the microscope provides enhanced visualization during the procedure.

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The shoulder bridge is likely to aid operative accessibility in thyroid surgery because it provides support and elevation to the shoulders, allowing for better visibility and access to the surgical site. By lifting the shoulders, it creates space and improves the angle at which the surgeon can approach the thyroid gland. This can enhance the precision and ease of the surgical procedure, ultimately improving operative accessibility.

A sponge that is cotton-filled gauze with a cotton thread attached is commonly used in tonsil surgeries. The cotton-filled gauze helps absorb blood and other fluids during the procedure, while the cotton thread allows for easy removal of the sponge after the surgery. Therefore, the correct answer is tonsil.

Mersilene mesh can be steam sterilized once, if unused but not soiled. This means that if the mesh has not been used and is free from any dirt or contamination, it can undergo steam sterilization one time. However, if the mesh has been soiled or contaminated, it cannot be resterilized and should be discarded.

During laser surgery, the use of a polyvinyl chloride (PVC) tube is contraindicated. This is because PVC is a flammable material and can catch fire when exposed to laser beams. The heat generated by the laser can cause the PVC tube to melt or ignite, leading to potential harm to the patient and surgical team. Therefore, it is important to avoid using PVC tubes during laser surgery and opt for alternative materials that are non-flammable and safe to use in this setting.

A MAST (Military Anti-Shock Trousers) is a device used to correct and counteract internal bleeding conditions and hypovolemia. It applies pressure to the lower body, which helps to stabilize blood flow and prevent further blood loss. This device is commonly used in emergency medical situations, particularly in trauma cases, to provide temporary stabilization and buy time until further medical interventions can be performed.

A Minerva jacket is a type of cast that is applied from the hips to the head and is specifically used to immobilize cervical fractures. It provides support and stability to the neck and upper body, helping to prevent further injury and promote healing. The other options mentioned, such as body jacket, shoulder spica, and cylinder, are not typically used for immobilizing cervical fractures.

A Hickman catheter is specifically designed to facilitate the infusion of chemotherapeutic drugs. It is a type of central venous catheter that is inserted into a large vein, usually in the chest, and allows for the delivery of medications directly into the bloodstream. This type of catheter has multiple lumens, or channels, which can be used for administering chemotherapy drugs, as well as for blood draws and other medical procedures. The design and placement of the Hickman catheter make it an ideal choice for long-term chemotherapy treatments.

A Tenckhoff catheter is a type of indwelling catheter that is commonly used for chemotherapy administration. It is designed with multiple side holes and a curled tip to ensure proper drainage and prevent blockages. The catheter is inserted into the peritoneal cavity and is used to deliver chemotherapy drugs directly into the abdominal cavity. This method allows for continuous and targeted delivery of the drugs, increasing their effectiveness while minimizing systemic side effects. The Tenckhoff catheter is also used for peritoneal dialysis, as it allows for the exchange of fluids in the peritoneal cavity.

A roentgenogram is the correct term for an x-ray's photographic image. The word "roentgenogram" is derived from the name of Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen, the physicist who discovered x-rays. It is commonly used in the medical field to refer to the image produced by x-ray imaging techniques. The other options mentioned in the question, such as ultrasound wave, magnetic image, and computerized tomography, are not appropriate terms for an x-ray's photographic image.

A secondary video monitor is referred to as a "slave" because it is controlled by a primary or "master" device. In this context, the primary device is responsible for sending signals and controlling the display on the secondary monitor. The term "slave" is commonly used in technology to describe a device or component that is subordinate to another device or component, and in this case, it signifies the secondary monitor's dependence on the primary device for operation and control.

The resolving power of an operating microscope refers to its ability to discern detail. This means that the microscope has the capability to clearly distinguish and visualize fine details in the object being observed. It is not related to the ability to enlarge the image or adapt the operative procedure to individual patient requirements. The ratio of image size on the viewer's retina with and without magnification is also not relevant to the concept of resolving power.

The operating microscope that visually employs fiberoptics for its light source is coaxial illuminators. Coaxial illuminators use fiberoptics to provide a direct and focused light source, which is essential for clear and precise visualization during surgical procedures. This technology allows for better illumination and visibility, improving the accuracy and success of the operation.

The correct answer is "candela" because the question is asking for the type of tunable dye laser used to disintegrate kidney stones. The other options, such as ESWL, CO2, and Nd-AG, are not types of tunable dye lasers.

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A common size chest tube is typically 30 Fr. "Fr" stands for French, which is a unit of measurement used to determine the diameter of a medical device. In the context of chest tubes, a 30 Fr tube is commonly used for draining fluid or air from the chest cavity. It is a size that is considered appropriate for most patients who require chest tube insertion.

The correct answer is 10:1. This means that the radiation exposure in fluoroscopy is ten times higher than that of a single x-ray. Fluoroscopy is a medical imaging technique that uses continuous x-ray beams to create real-time images of the body, while a single x-ray involves a brief exposure to radiation. Therefore, the radiation exposure in fluoroscopy is significantly higher compared to a single x-ray.

The most commonly used laser for retinal detachment, tear, or hole is argon. Argon laser photocoagulation is a widely accepted treatment for these conditions. It works by creating small burns on the retina, which help to seal the tear or hole and prevent further detachment. The argon laser is preferred for its ability to precisely target the affected area and its effectiveness in treating retinal conditions.

After a transurethral resection (TUR) of the prostate, a 30-cc bag Foley is used for hemostasis. This is because TUR of the prostate can cause bleeding, and the Foley catheter with a 30-cc bag helps to control and monitor the bleeding. The bag is filled with sterile saline solution, which helps to maintain pressure on the surgical site, promoting clot formation and preventing excessive bleeding. This ensures that any potential bleeding is controlled and allows for proper healing of the surgical site.

Balloon angioplasty is a procedure used to open blocked or narrowed blood vessels. It involves the use of a catheter with a balloon at the tip. The balloon is inflated to compress the plaque against the vessel walls, widening the vessel and restoring blood flow. The correct answer, Gruntzig, refers to Andreas Gruntzig, a Swiss cardiologist who developed and popularized balloon angioplasty in the 1970s. Therefore, a Gruntzig catheter would be the appropriate choice for performing this procedure.

The ilium is a common donor site for an autogenous bone graft. This is because the ilium is a flat and relatively large bone located in the pelvis, which makes it suitable for harvesting bone grafts. The ilium provides a good amount of bone material that can be used for grafting procedures, such as in spinal fusion surgeries or reconstructive procedures. Its accessibility and the quality of bone make it a preferred choice as a donor site for autogenous bone grafts.

A temporary biologic dressing refers to a type of dressing that is used for a short period of time to protect and promote healing of a wound. In this case, the correct answer is "porcine," which means that the dressing is made from pig tissue. Porcine dressings are commonly used in wound care due to their biocompatibility and ability to provide a moist environment for wound healing. They can help to control bleeding, reduce pain, prevent infection, and promote tissue regeneration.

A dressing that is held in place by long suture ends crisscrossed and tied is called a stent.

The ruby laser is commonly used for port-wine stain lesions of the skin. This type of laser emits pulses of red light that are specifically absorbed by the blood vessels in the skin, causing them to heat up and coagulate. This helps to reduce the appearance of the port-wine stain by shrinking the blood vessels. The ruby laser has been found to be effective in treating this condition, making it the correct answer.

The given options describe measures to prevent heat loss in newborns or children in the operating room. The options include warming a water mattress, wrapping webril on extremities, and warming solutions for skin prep and intraoperative use. The correct answer states that preparing a hypothermia blanket is not a measure to prevent heat loss. This implies that using a hypothermia blanket does not help in maintaining the body temperature of the newborn or child.

The use of a CO2 laser minimizes the risks of cone biopsy because it provides precise and controlled cutting. The laser beam can be focused on a specific area, allowing for minimal damage to surrounding tissues. Additionally, the CO2 laser cauterizes blood vessels as it cuts, reducing bleeding during the procedure. This results in less postoperative pain, faster healing, and reduced risk of infection compared to other methods such as cervitome or cold knife.

A laminaria tent is a medical device used to dilate the cervix. It is typically made of dried seaweed and is inserted into the cervix. As it absorbs moisture, it swells and gradually expands the cervix, allowing for easier access to the uterus. This procedure is commonly performed before certain gynecological procedures such as surgical abortions or the placement of an intrauterine device (IUD). Therefore, the correct answer is "dilate cervix".

Laser surgery performed in the rectal area should be preceded by suctioning of the lower bowel to remove methane gas. This is because methane gas, which is produced by bacteria in the colon, can be ignited by the laser, potentially causing an explosion or fire. Therefore, it is important to remove the methane gas before performing laser surgery in order to ensure the safety of the patient and the surgical team.