Musculoskeletal Practice MCQs: Jan-APR 08 c. Rhodes Phd
(164).jpg "Musculoskeletal Practice MCQs: Jan-APR 08 c. Rhodes Phd")
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- 1.What time point in gestation would a neural crest cell differentiate into a flat skull bone?
- A.
During epiblast cell ingression
- B.
In the second trimester
- C.
During the fetal period
- D.
Immediately following cleavage
- E.
During embryogenesis
- 2.
![Bones that develop from the structure labeled ‘A’ below form by intramembranous ossification. True or false?
- ProProfs]( "Bones that develop from the structure labeled ‘A’ below form by intramembranous ossification. True or false?")
Bones that develop from the structure labeled ‘A’ below form by intramembranous ossification. True or false?- A.
True
- B.
False
- 3.The bones of the chordal chondrocranium develop by
- A.
Both endochondral & membranous ossification
- B.
Only endochondral ossification
- C.
Only membranous ossification
- D.
By direct ossification of mesenchyme
- E.
By ossification of neural crest cells
- 4.Which of the following is NOT a component of the developing limb?
- A.
Mesenchyme
- B.
Apical ectodermal ridge
- C.
Neural crest cells
- D.
Hyaline cartilage
- E.
Ectoderm
- 5.The diaphyseal plate is a growth plate where chondrocytes proliferate to elongate the growing bone. True or false?
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 6.Syndactyly is
- A.
A malformation of the hand or foot resulting in shortened digits
- B.
A malformation of the hand or foot resulting in fusion of two or more digits.
- C.
A malformation of the hand or foot resulting in extra digits.
- D.
A malformation of the hand or foot resulting in the absence of the long bones of the limb
- E.
A malformation of the hand or foot resulting in a lobster-claw deformity
- 7.The zone of polarizing activity (ZPA) is a cluster of cells located in the developing limb bud. Which limb axis is the ZPA responsible for patterning?
- A.
Anteroposterior
- B.
Sagital
- C.
Dorsoventral
- D.
Proximodistal
- E.
Transverse
- 8.Scoliosis is a congenital anomaly that results in a reduced number of cervical vertebrae. True or false?
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 9.A newborn infant presents with an abdominal wall defect which was caused by a failure of mesenchymal cells to migrate beneath the surface ectoderm during development. Where would these mesenchymal cells migrate from?
- A.
Paraxial mesoderm
- B.
Lateral plate mesoderm
- C.
Somatic mesoderm
- D.
Splanchnic mesoderm
- E.
Neural crest cells
- 10.Which myogenic region will give rise to the external intercostal muscles?
- A.
Dorsomedial lip (DML)
- B.
Sclerotome
- C.
Dermomyotome
- D.
Ventrolateral lip (VLL)
- E.
Intermediate mesoderm
- 11.Which of the following statements about vertebrae is correct?
- A.
Each vertebrae develops from a single somite
- B.
The nucleus pulposus forms from the sclerotome
- C.
Vertebrae form from the dermatome portion of each somite
- D.
Each vertebral myotome bridges two vertebrae to permit spinal movement
- E.
Vertebrae are patterned by Pax genes
- 12.Which of the following gives rise to the muscle system?
- A.
Ectoderm
- B.
Intraembryonic mesoderm
- C.
Endoderm
- D.
Extraembryonic mesoderm
- E.
Hypoblast cells
- 13.Which of the following is derived from the hypaxial divisions of the myotomes?
- A.
Scalenes, prevertebral, geniohyoid, and infrahyoid muscles
- B.
Flexor muscles of the trunk
- C.
Quadratus lumborum
- D.
Pelvic diaphragm
- E.
All of the above
- 14.Trunk musculature arises from mesoderm derived from which region of the somite?
- A.
None, trunk muscles are not derived from paraxial mesoderm
- B.
Sclerotome
- C.
Dermatome
- D.
Myotome
- E.
All regions of the somite
- 15.The limb musculature is derived from
- A.
Splanchnic mesoderm
- B.
Somatic mesoderm
- C.
Somitic mesoderm
- D.
Sclerotome
- E.
Endoderm
- 16.Limb buds are first perceptible during the ________________ of development.
- A.
Third week
- B.
Fourth week
- C.
Fifth week
- D.
Sixth week
- E.
Seventh week
- 17.The limb skeleton consists of cartilage during week ________ of development.
- A.
4
- B.
5
- C.
6
- D.
9
- E.
12
- 18.Which of the following statements regarding limb rotation is CORRECT?
- A.
The upper limb rotates almost 90 degrees in a medial direction
- B.
Limb rotation is necessary for correct muscle positioning
- C.
The lower limb rotates 90 degrees in a lateral direction
- D.
The upper limb rotates before the lower limb
- E.
Limb rotation does not affect limb innervation
- 19.The notochord degenerates along its length, specifically in segments where which of the following form?
- A.
Ribs
- B.
Vertebral bodies
- C.
Intervertebral segments
- D.
Dermis
- E.
Intersegmental nerves
- 20.Which of the following gives rise to bones of the face?
- A.
Chondrocranium
- B.
Membranous neurocranium
- C.
Viscerocranium
- D.
Pre-chordal chondrocranium
- E.
Cartilaginous neurocranium
- 21.What is craniosynostosis?
- A.
Premature fusion of the anterior fontanelle
- B.
Premature fusion of the posterior fontanelle
- C.
Premature fusion of one or more fibrous sutures
- D.
Fusion of the meninges to the fibrous sutures
- E.
An evagination of the meninges through an opening in the one or more fibrous sutures
- 22.Which of the following statements regarding the molecular regulation of limb development is CORRECT?
- A.
The AER is responsible for regulating patterning across the thumb to the pinky
- B.
The progress zone contains differentiated, amitotic cells
- C.
Fingers and toes are the first limb structures to form
- D.
The ZPA produces SHH which diffuses to form a concentration gradient
- E.
The limbs are the only structures devoid of Hox gene expression
- 23.With regard to the fetal skull, what is ‘molding’?
- A.
An adaptation on the skull bones to the birth canal which allows the skull bones to overlap during birth
- B.
The progressive shaping of the flat bones of the skull throughout gestation
- C.
The molecular interaction between the skull bones and the brain to help shape the skull
- D.
The fusing together of the three sections of the fetal skull; the chondrocranium, the viscerocranium and the membranous neurocranium
- E.
The growth of paranasal air-sinuses and maturation of the skull bones to make the skull more proportioned
- 24.Thalidomide is used today as one of many treatments for AIDS patients. Why is this a concern for women of child bearing age?
- A.
Thalidomide can also cause sterility
- B.
Thalidomide is a potent teratogen linked to severe facial malformations
- C.
Thalidomide should not be taken during the fetal period for risk of intra-uterine growth retardation
- D.
Thalidomide should not be taken during the critical period of limb development because it can cause severe limb defects
- E.
Thalidomide increases the risk of an ectopic pregnancy
.JPG "Bones that develop from the structure labeled ‘A’ below form by intramembranous ossification. True or false?")
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