Musculoskeletal Practice MCQs: Jan-APR 08 c. Rhodes Phd

24 Questions | By Chachelly | Updated: Mar 22, 2022 | Attempts: 1676

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Musculoskeletal Practice MCQs: Jan-APR 08 c. Rhodes Phd - Quiz

Questions and Answers

1.

What time point in gestation would a neural crest cell differentiate into a flat skull bone?
- A.
  
  During epiblast cell ingression
- B.
  
  In the second trimester
- C.
  
  During the fetal period
- D.
  
  Immediately following cleavage
- E.
  
  During embryogenesis
2.

Bones that develop from the structure labeled ‘A’ below form by intramembranous ossification. True or false?
- A.
  
  True
- B.
  
  False
3.

The bones of the chordal chondrocranium develop by
- A.
  
  Both endochondral & membranous ossification
- B.
  
  Only endochondral ossification
- C.
  
  Only membranous ossification
- D.
  
  By direct ossification of mesenchyme
- E.
  
  By ossification of neural crest cells
4.

Which of the following is NOT a component of the developing limb?
- A.
  
  Mesenchyme
- B.
  
  Apical ectodermal ridge
- C.
  
  Neural crest cells
- D.
  
  Hyaline cartilage
- E.
  
  Ectoderm
5.

The diaphyseal plate is a growth plate where chondrocytes proliferate to elongate the growing bone. True or false?
- A.
  
  True
- B.
  
  False
6.

Syndactyly is
- A.
  
  A malformation of the hand or foot resulting in shortened digits
- B.
  
  A malformation of the hand or foot resulting in fusion of two or more digits.
- C.
  
  A malformation of the hand or foot resulting in extra digits.
- D.
  
  A malformation of the hand or foot resulting in the absence of the long bones of the limb
- E.
  
  A malformation of the hand or foot resulting in a lobster-claw deformity
7.

The zone of polarizing activity (ZPA) is a cluster of cells located in the developing limb bud. Which limb axis is the ZPA responsible for patterning?
- A.
  
  Anteroposterior
- B.
  
  Sagital
- C.
  
  Dorsoventral
- D.
  
  Proximodistal
- E.
  
  Transverse
8.

Scoliosis is a congenital anomaly that results in a reduced number of cervical vertebrae. True or false?
- A.
  
  True
- B.
  
  False
9.

A newborn infant presents with an abdominal wall defect which was caused by a failure of mesenchymal cells to migrate beneath the surface ectoderm during development. Where would these mesenchymal cells migrate from?
- A.
  
  Paraxial mesoderm
- B.
  
  Lateral plate mesoderm
- C.
  
  Somatic mesoderm
- D.
  
  Splanchnic mesoderm
- E.
  
  Neural crest cells
10.

Which myogenic region will give rise to the external intercostal muscles?
- A.
  
  Dorsomedial lip (DML)
- B.
  
  Sclerotome
- C.
  
  Dermomyotome
- D.
  
  Ventrolateral lip (VLL)
- E.
  
  Intermediate mesoderm
11.

Which of the following statements about vertebrae is correct?
- A.
  
  Each vertebrae develops from a single somite
- B.
  
  The nucleus pulposus forms from the sclerotome
- C.
  
  Vertebrae form from the dermatome portion of each somite
- D.
  
  Each vertebral myotome bridges two vertebrae to permit spinal movement
- E.
  
  Vertebrae are patterned by Pax genes
12.

Which of the following gives rise to the muscle system?
- A.
  
  Ectoderm
- B.
  
  Intraembryonic mesoderm
- C.
  
  Endoderm
- D.
  
  Extraembryonic mesoderm
- E.
  
  Hypoblast cells
13.

Which of the following is derived from the hypaxial divisions of the myotomes?
- A.
  
  Scalenes, prevertebral, geniohyoid, and infrahyoid muscles
- B.
  
  Flexor muscles of the trunk
- C.
  
  Quadratus lumborum
- D.
  
  Pelvic diaphragm
- E.
  
  All of the above
14.

Trunk musculature arises from mesoderm derived from which region of the somite?
- A.
  
  None, trunk muscles are not derived from paraxial mesoderm
- B.
  
  Sclerotome
- C.
  
  Dermatome
- D.
  
  Myotome
- E.
  
  All regions of the somite
15.

The limb musculature is derived from
- A.
  
  Splanchnic mesoderm
- B.
  
  Somatic mesoderm
- C.
  
  Somitic mesoderm
- D.
  
  Sclerotome
- E.
  
  Endoderm
16.

Limb buds are first perceptible during the ________________ of development.
- A.
  
  Third week
- B.
  
  Fourth week
- C.
  
  Fifth week
- D.
  
  Sixth week
- E.
  
  Seventh week
17.

The limb skeleton consists of cartilage during week ________ of development.
- A.
  
  4
- B.
  
  5
- C.
  
  6
- D.
  
  9
- E.
  
  12
18.

Which of the following statements regarding limb rotation is CORRECT?
- A.
  
  The upper limb rotates almost 90 degrees in a medial direction
- B.
  
  Limb rotation is necessary for correct muscle positioning
- C.
  
  The lower limb rotates 90 degrees in a lateral direction
- D.
  
  The upper limb rotates before the lower limb
- E.
  
  Limb rotation does not affect limb innervation
19.

The notochord degenerates along its length, specifically in segments where which of the following form?
- A.
  
  Ribs
- B.
  
  Vertebral bodies
- C.
  
  Intervertebral segments
- D.
  
  Dermis
- E.
  
  Intersegmental nerves
20.

Which of the following gives rise to bones of the face?
- A.
  
  Chondrocranium
- B.
  
  Membranous neurocranium
- C.
  
  Viscerocranium
- D.
  
  Pre-chordal chondrocranium
- E.
  
  Cartilaginous neurocranium
21.

What is craniosynostosis?
- A.
  
  Premature fusion of the anterior fontanelle
- B.
  
  Premature fusion of the posterior fontanelle
- C.
  
  Premature fusion of one or more fibrous sutures
- D.
  
  Fusion of the meninges to the fibrous sutures
- E.
  
  An evagination of the meninges through an opening in the one or more fibrous sutures
22.

Which of the following statements regarding the molecular regulation of limb development is CORRECT?
- A.
  
  The AER is responsible for regulating patterning across the thumb to the pinky
- B.
  
  The progress zone contains differentiated, amitotic cells
- C.
  
  Fingers and toes are the first limb structures to form
- D.
  
  The ZPA produces SHH which diffuses to form a concentration gradient
- E.
  
  The limbs are the only structures devoid of Hox gene expression
23.

With regard to the fetal skull, what is ‘molding’?
- A.
  
  An adaptation on the skull bones to the birth canal which allows the skull bones to overlap during birth
- B.
  
  The progressive shaping of the flat bones of the skull throughout gestation
- C.
  
  The molecular interaction between the skull bones and the brain to help shape the skull
- D.
  
  The fusing together of the three sections of the fetal skull; the chondrocranium, the viscerocranium and the membranous neurocranium
- E.
  
  The growth of paranasal air-sinuses and maturation of the skull bones to make the skull more proportioned
24.

Thalidomide is used today as one of many treatments for AIDS patients. Why is this a concern for women of child bearing age?
- A.
  
  Thalidomide can also cause sterility
- B.
  
  Thalidomide is a potent teratogen linked to severe facial malformations
- C.
  
  Thalidomide should not be taken during the fetal period for risk of intra-uterine growth retardation
- D.
  
  Thalidomide should not be taken during the critical period of limb development because it can cause severe limb defects
- E.
  
  Thalidomide increases the risk of an ectopic pregnancy