Geology Ch. 8 Test

43 Questions | By Hanaxxx | Updated: Mar 21, 2022 | Attempts: 399

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Basically Geology is the wide study of solid earth, the rocks and how they change over time. This quiz is for those Geology enthusiasts who want to test and advance their knowledge on the subject. All the best.

Questions and Answers

1.

Which of the following forms at the highest grade of regional metamorphism?
- A.
  
  Hornfels
- B.
  
  Schist
- C.
  
  Slate
- D.
  
  Phyllite
2.

What platy, parallel, mineral grains are the most visual aspect of foliated metamorphic rocks?
- A.
  
  Micas
- B.
  
  Feldspars
- C.
  
  Carbonates
- D.
  
  Quartz
3.

What major change occurs during metamorphism of limestone to marble?
- A.
  
  Calcite grains grow larger and increase in size
- B.
  
  Clays crystallize to micas, forming a highly foliated, mica-rich rock
- C.
  
  Limestone grains react to form quartz and feldspars
- D.
  
  Calcite grains are dissolved away leaving only marble crystals
4.

Which low-grade metamorphic rock, composed of extremely fine-sized mica and other mineral grains, typically exhibits well-developed rock cleavage?
- A.
  
  Schist
- B.
  
  Hornfels
- C.
  
  Quartzite
- D.
  
  Slate
5.

Tektites originate in what metamorphic environment?
- A.
  
  Low pressure and high temperature associated with volcanism
- B.
  
  High temperatures associated with meteorite impacts
- C.
  
  Very high pressures and temperatures associated with deep subduction
- D.
  
  High temperatures and shearing stresses in an oceanic-crust transform fault
6.

Which one of the following is not likely to be genetically associated with impact of an asteroid or large meteorite?
- A.
  
  Tektites
- B.
  
  Blueschists
- C.
  
  Coesite
- D.
  
  Impact crater
7.

Which of the following statements concerning slate is not true?
- A.
  
  Has abundant, coarse-grained mica
- B.
  
  Forms from shales and mudstones
- C.
  
  Rock cleavage is common
- D.
  
  Sedimentary features may be visible
8.

________ is a strong, parallel alignment of coarse mica flakes and/or of different mineral bands in a metamorphic rock.
- A.
  
  Rock cleavage
- B.
  
  Foliation
- C.
  
  Stress streaking
- D.
  
  Marbleizing
9.

________ is a nonfoliated rock formed by contact metamorphism of a shale or mudstone.
- A.
  
  Schist
- B.
  
  Marble
- C.
  
  Gneiss
- D.
  
  Hornfels
10.

Which of the following would exhibit sheared and mechanically fragmented rocks?
- A.
  
  Fault movements at shallow depths
- B.
  
  Intense compression in a deep-seated, regional metamorphic zone
- C.
  
  Heating of shales and mudstones near a pluton
- D.
  
  Regional metamorphism of pyroclastic volcanic rocks
11.

Which of the following best describes the conditions of contact metamorphism?
- A.
  
  Pressures are very high, the rock is deeply buried, and temperatures are raised by the Earth's internal heat.
- B.
  
  Pressures are fairly low, the rock is in the upper part of the crust, and heat is supplied from a nearby magma body.
- C.
  
  Heat is generated by shearing and mechanical movements along faults.
- D.
  
  Depths are fairly shallow, but temperatures and pressures are so high that the rocks begin to partially melt.
12.

________ forms from the metamorphism of limestone or dolostone.
- A.
  
  Migmatite
- B.
  
  Amphibolite
- C.
  
  Marble
- D.
  
  Quartzite
13.

What foliated, metamorphic rock is texturally intermediate between slate and schist?
- A.
  
  Fault breccia
- B.
  
  Phyllite
- C.
  
  Quartzite
- D.
  
  Gneiss
14.

________ is characterized by the segregation of light- and dark-colored minerals into thin layers or bands.
- A.
  
  Garnet hornfels
- B.
  
  Granitic gneiss
- C.
  
  Slate
- D.
  
  Quartzite
15.

What type of foliation results from the parallel alignment of abundant, coarse-grained, mica flakes in a metamorphic rock?
- A.
  
  Schistosity
- B.
  
  Gneissic banding
- C.
  
  Slaty cleavage
- D.
  
  Phyllitic structure
16.

Which of the following metamorphic rocks could be used to neutralize acidic mine waters?
- A.
  
  Granite gneiss
- B.
  
  Quartzite
- C.
  
  Slate
- D.
  
  Marble
17.

Which of the following lists the rocks in the order of increasing grain size and increasing grade of metamorphism?
- A.
  
  Phyllite, slate, schist
- B.
  
  Schist, slate, phyllite
- C.
  
  Slate, phyllite, schist
- D.
  
  Slate, schist, phyllite
18.

________ is typically formed by metamorphism of a sandstone.
- A.
  
  Marble
- B.
  
  Slate
- C.
  
  Amphibolite
- D.
  
  Quartzite
19.

Which of the following rocks would exhibit visible, textural evidence of having undergone some partial melting?
- A.
  
  Fault breccia
- B.
  
  Migmatite
- C.
  
  Slate
- D.
  
  Foliated hornfels
20.

What is the major source of heat for contact metamorphism?
- A.
  
  Deep burial and heat from the Earth's interior
- B.
  
  Heat from grinding and shearing on faults
- C.
  
  Heat from the spontaneous decomposition of micas and feldspars
- D.
  
  Heat from a nearby magma body
21.

In which setting would regional metamorphism be most likely?
- A.
  
  At shallow depths below an oceanic ridge or rift zone
- B.
  
  At shallow depths along major transform faults in the continental crust
- C.
  
  At great depths in the crust where two continents are colliding
- D.
  
  At shallow depths beneath the seafloor where water pressures are immense
22.

Graphite is identified in a particular schist. Which one of the following conclusions is justified?
- A.
  
  The pre-metamorphic rock was a shale or mudstone containing organic matter.
- B.
  
  The rock also contains diamonds; both are crystalline forms of the element carbon.
- C.
  
  The schist formed from a quartz-rich, sedimentary limestone.
- D.
  
  The graphite lubricated shearing movements along a fault, causing a schist to form.
23.

Amphibolite is a foliated metamorphic rock composed principally of hornblende and plagioclase. How does it form?
- A.
  
  By contact metamorphism of sandstone along the contact with a granitic batholith
- B.
  
  By regional metamorphism of volcanic rocks such as andesite and basalt
- C.
  
  By gouging and crushing of limestone along a fault
- D.
  
  By the impact of an asteroid on interbedded sandstone and shale
24.

What term describes the zone of contact metamorphism surrounding an intrusive magma body?
- A.
  
  Aura
- B.
  
  Auricle
- C.
  
  Oracle
- D.
  
  Aureole
25.

During metamorphism, what is the major effect of chemically active fluids?
- A.
  
  Increase the pressures in deeply buried, regional-metamorphic zones
- B.
  
  Aid in the movement of dissolved silicate constituents and facilitate growth of the mineral grains
- C.
  
  Prevent partial melting so solid rocks can undergo very high temperature regional metamorphism
- D.
  
  Facilitate the formation of schistosity and gneissic banding in hornfels and slates