Fundamentals In Nursing Exam NCLEX Sample Questions

Restorative and Continuing Care involves assisting individuals in regaining their maximum functional status, enhancing their quality of life, and promoting their independence and self-care. This type of care focuses on providing rehabilitation services, such as physical therapy, occupational therapy, and speech therapy, to help individuals recover from illness, injury, or surgery. It aims to improve their physical, cognitive, and emotional well-being, enabling them to return to their previous level of functioning or adapt to any permanent limitations. Restorative and Continuing Care is typically provided in a long-term care facility or at home with the support of healthcare professionals.

The oral route of administration requires higher dosages of drugs to achieve a therapeutic effect compared to other routes. This is because the drugs taken orally have to pass through the gastrointestinal system, where they may undergo metabolism and be partially absorbed or eliminated before reaching the bloodstream. Therefore, a higher dosage is needed to compensate for the potential loss of drug efficacy during this process.

The mother bringing her child to the RHU on a Wednesday for immunization shots is performing health under the primary level of prevention. Primary prevention focuses on preventing the occurrence of a disease or injury before it happens. In this case, the mother is taking proactive measures to protect her child from potential diseases by getting them vaccinated. This helps to build the child's immunity and prevent the onset of various illnesses, promoting their overall health and well-being.

The nurse instructs the patient to place the sublingual nitroglycerin tablet under the tongue. This is because sublingual administration involves placing medication under the tongue, where it can dissolve and be absorbed directly into the bloodstream. Placing the tablet on top of the tongue, at the back of the throat, or in the space between the cheek and the gum would not allow for proper absorption of the medication.

This scenario falls under the level of prevention known as primary prevention. Primary prevention aims to prevent the occurrence of a disease or health condition before it occurs by promoting healthy behaviors and lifestyles. In this case, the man is taking vitamin supplements daily and getting enough sleep, which are both proactive measures to maintain good health and prevent the onset of any potential health issues.

The metaparadigm of nursing consists of four key elements: environment, health, client, and nursing. These elements provide a framework for understanding and practicing nursing. Health care delivery system, on the other hand, refers to the organization and management of health care services, which is not considered a fundamental element of the nursing metaparadigm. Therefore, health care delivery system is the correct answer as it is not part of the metaparadigm of nursing.

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In the therapeutic relationship between clients and nurse, the nurse is the person in "power" who establishes and maintains the relationship. This is because the nurse is responsible for providing care, support, and guidance to the client. They have the knowledge, skills, and authority to make decisions and take actions that promote the client's well-being. The nurse acts as a advocate for the client, ensuring their needs are met and their rights are respected. They create a safe and trusting environment, where the client feels comfortable to express their concerns and seek help. The nurse plays a crucial role in facilitating the therapeutic process and promoting the client's overall health and healing.

Secondary and tertiary care are the correct answers because diagnostic and treatment services are typically provided in these levels of care. Primary care focuses on preventive care and the initial management of common illnesses and injuries, while secondary care involves specialized medical services provided by medical specialists and hospitals. Tertiary care refers to highly specialized and complex medical services provided by specialized hospitals or medical centers. Therefore, secondary and tertiary care are the most appropriate options for diagnostic and treatment services in the healthcare system.

The oral route of administration requires higher dosages of drugs to achieve a therapeutic effect. This is because the drugs taken orally have to pass through the digestive system, where they may undergo metabolism and degradation before being absorbed into the bloodstream. Therefore, a higher dosage is needed to compensate for the potential loss of drug efficacy during the absorption process. In contrast, drugs administered intravenously, rectally, or sublingually bypass the digestive system and are directly absorbed into the bloodstream, resulting in a more immediate and efficient drug delivery.

The correct answer is "Focus on patients feelings, encouragement and false reassurance, be non-judgmental". This answer is incorrect because it suggests using false reassurance, which is not an appropriate action in therapeutic communication. False reassurance can invalidate the client's feelings and minimize their concerns, hindering the development of trust and open communication. In therapeutic communication, it is important to focus on the patient's feelings, provide encouragement, and be non-judgmental, but without using false reassurance.

Primary care focuses on reducing and controlling risk factors for disease through certain activities. This includes preventive measures such as vaccinations, screenings, and health education. Primary care providers are often the first point of contact for individuals seeking healthcare and play a crucial role in promoting overall wellness and disease prevention. They work to identify and address risk factors early on, helping to prevent the development of more serious health conditions.

Health Promotion refers to the process of enabling individuals and communities to take control of their health and make informed decisions to improve their well-being. It involves empowering people to adopt healthy behaviors, creating supportive environments, and advocating for policies that promote health. This approach focuses on preventing illness and promoting overall well-being rather than just restoring health after illness or health problems have occurred.

Murphy's action of going to the doctor for regular physical and medical check-ups falls under the category of secondary prevention. Secondary prevention focuses on early detection and intervention to prevent the progression of a disease or condition. By getting regular check-ups, Murphy is taking proactive steps to identify any potential health issues early on and receive appropriate treatment if necessary. This can help prevent the development of more serious health problems in the future.

Malpractice refers to the improper or negligent behavior of a professional, such as a doctor or nurse, that results in harm or injury to a patient. In the given context, non-therapeutic confining or isolation, denying of privileges, and denying of care can be considered as malpractice because it involves the intentional denial or withholding of necessary care and treatment, which can lead to harm or neglect of the individual.

Poverty alleviation falls under the tertiary level of prevention. Tertiary prevention focuses on reducing the impact of an existing problem or condition. In the context of poverty, it involves providing support and assistance to individuals or communities who are already living in poverty, with the aim of improving their living conditions and helping them escape the cycle of poverty. This can include measures such as social welfare programs, job training, and access to education and healthcare.

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The correct answer is "Hard, hybrid and soft." These categories classify the solutions to technological causes of IS failures. "Hard" solutions refer to technical solutions such as hardware upgrades or software patches. "Hybrid" solutions combine technical and non-technical approaches, such as implementing new processes or training programs. "Soft" solutions focus on the human and organizational aspects, such as improving communication or providing user support. These categories help to address different aspects of technological failures and provide a comprehensive approach to resolving them.

The nurse's main function in the care of dying is to provide diversions for the patient to keep them from getting depressed. This is important because patients who are facing the end of their life may experience feelings of sadness, anxiety, or depression. By providing diversions, such as engaging in activities or conversations that bring joy or distraction, the nurse can help improve the patient's emotional well-being and overall quality of life during this difficult time.