CCNA 2 V6.0 Final Exam 2017 (Option A)

The correct answer is "::/0". In IPv6, "::/0" represents the default route, which matches any IPv6 destination. The "::" represents all zeros, and the "/0" indicates that all bits in the network prefix are set to zero. This combination allows the router to forward any IPv6 traffic for which it does not have a more specific route.

The given message in the syslog server indicates a "normal but significant condition." This means that there is an event or situation that is noteworthy but does not require immediate action or indicate any error or warning conditions. It is simply a notification to inform the administrator about a significant event or condition in the system.

A floating static route is configured with a greater administrative distance to provide a backup route to a route learned from a dynamic routing protocol. This means that if the route learned from the dynamic routing protocol fails, the floating static route will be used as a backup. The administrative distance is a value that routers use to determine the trustworthiness of a route, with a lower value indicating a more trusted route. By configuring the floating static route with a higher administrative distance than the dynamic route, it will only be used if the dynamic route becomes unavailable.

The administrative distance value of 1 indicates that the route for R2 to reach the 10.10.0.0/16 network is the most reliable and preferred route. Administrative distance is used by routers to select the best path when there are multiple routes to the same destination. A lower administrative distance value means a higher priority for the route. Therefore, with an administrative distance value of 1, R2 will choose this route over any other routes with higher administrative distance values.

The "sticky secure MAC addresses" configuration will meet the security requirements stated in the question. This configuration allows the switch to automatically learn and add MAC addresses to both the address table and the running configuration. By using the "sticky" option, the MAC addresses are saved even after a reboot, ensuring that the security settings persist. This configuration is useful in environments where devices frequently connect and disconnect from the network, as it allows for automatic learning and secure management of MAC addresses.

To send traffic from multiple VLANs to switch SW-B, the protocol that should be configured on SW-A Port 0/1 is IEEE 802.1Q. This protocol is used for VLAN trunking and allows multiple VLANs to be carried over a single physical link. By configuring IEEE 802.1Q on SW-A Port 0/1, it will be able to tag the frames from different VLANs and send them to SW-B, which can then properly handle and forward the traffic to the respective VLANs.

A route that has been learned dynamically is automatically updated and maintained by routing protocols. Routing protocols are responsible for exchanging information between routers and updating routing tables based on changes in the network topology. This allows the route to adapt to changes in the network and ensure efficient and accurate routing. The other statements do not specifically describe a dynamically learned route.

After a packet leaves H1, the L2 header is rewritten twice in the path to H2. This means that the L2 header is modified at two different points in the network before reaching its destination.

Static routes improve network security because they do not rely on dynamic routing protocols, which can be vulnerable to attacks or misconfigurations. By manually configuring static routes, administrators have more control over the network's routing behavior and can ensure that traffic flows only through trusted paths.

Using static routes also reduces the resource utilization on the router. Unlike dynamic routes that require the router to constantly exchange routing information with neighboring routers, static routes do not require this overhead. This results in lower CPU and memory usage, allowing the router to allocate its resources more efficiently.

The switches that connect the wireless access points to the Ethernet ports operate at the access layer of the three-layer hierarchical network design model. The access layer is responsible for connecting end-user devices, such as laptops, to the network. These switches provide the physical connectivity between the wireless access points and the rest of the network infrastructure.

The Product Activation Key serves as the receipt for the customer when they purchase a Cisco IOS 15.0 software package. It is also used to obtain the license for the software.

When deciding which interior gateway routing protocol to use, two important factors to consider are scalability and speed of convergence. Scalability refers to the ability of the protocol to handle a growing network and its increasing demands. A scalable routing protocol can efficiently handle a large number of routers and networks without causing performance issues. Speed of convergence refers to how quickly the routing protocol can adapt to changes in the network, such as link failures or new routes. A routing protocol with fast convergence can minimize network downtime and ensure efficient routing.

Store-and-forward switching is the switching method that drops frames that fail the FCS (Frame Check Sequence) check. In this method, the switch receives the entire frame, checks the FCS for errors, and only forwards the frame if the FCS is correct. If the FCS fails, indicating an error in the frame, the switch discards the frame instead of forwarding it. This method helps to ensure data integrity by preventing corrupted frames from being transmitted throughout the network.

A Layer 2 switch would have an IP address configured when it needs to be remotely managed. This allows administrators to access and configure the switch remotely over a network. By assigning an IP address to the switch, it can be accessed using protocols such as SSH or Telnet, enabling remote management and configuration.

The "protect" violation mode, when configured on an interface, will cause packets with an unknown source address to be dropped with no notification sent. This mode is a more secure option as it silently drops the packets without alerting the network administrator or the source of the violation.

To clear all VLAN information from the switch and incorporate a new network design, the technician should delete the startup configuration and the vlan.dat file in the flash memory of the switch. This will remove any existing VLAN configurations and reset the switch to its default settings. Rebooting the switch after deleting these files ensures that the changes take effect and the switch starts with a clean slate for the new network design.

The "show cdp neighbors" command provides information about directly connected Cisco devices, including their IP addresses, platform, and capabilities. This command is relevant to both distribution and access layer devices as it helps the network engineer identify the neighboring devices and their connections. By using this command, the engineer can gather information about the network topology and troubleshoot any connectivity issues.

To configure remote management access on a Cisco switch, the network administrator must configure the following three items: IP address, vty lines, and default gateway. The IP address is necessary to identify the switch on the network. The vty lines need to be configured to allow remote access to the switch using protocols like Telnet or SSH. The default gateway is required for the switch to communicate with devices on other networks. Therefore, these three configurations are essential for remote management access on a Cisco switch.

During the DHCPv4 process, the DHCPREQUEST message is sent as a broadcast to notify other DHCP servers on the subnet that the IP address was leased. This is necessary because multiple DHCP servers may be present on the same subnet, and broadcasting the message ensures that all servers are aware that the IP address has been assigned. By doing so, it prevents multiple servers from assigning the same IP address to different hosts, ensuring proper IP address allocation on the network.

The correct answer is "S 192.168.2.0/24 [1/0] via 172.16.2.2". This route is configured as a static route to the specific network 192.168.2.0/24 using the next-hop address 172.16.2.2. The "S" in the beginning indicates that it is a static route, and the next-hop address is specified after the "via" keyword.

The "ipv6 nd other-config-flag" statement allows router R1 to respond to stateless DHCPv6 requests. This command enables the router to advertise additional configuration information to the clients, such as DNS server addresses, without actually assigning them IPv6 addresses. By enabling the "other-config-flag", the router will include this information in its Router Advertisement messages, allowing clients to obtain the necessary configuration details through stateless DHCPv6.

The missing parameter shown as the highlighted question mark in the graphic is the VLAN number. This parameter is used to identify the specific VLAN that the subinterface is associated with. In inter-VLAN routing, each VLAN is assigned a unique VLAN number, and this number is used to route traffic between VLANs. By identifying the VLAN number, the network administrator can ensure that the subinterface is correctly configured to handle traffic for that specific VLAN.

The command "access-class 11 in" will apply the ACL to the VTY lines. This command is used to specify an access list that will be used to filter incoming Telnet or SSH connections to the VTY lines. By specifying "in" after the access list number, it indicates that the ACL will be applied to incoming connections.

The configuration is incorrect because NAT-POOL2 is bound to the wrong ACL. This means that the addresses in NAT-POOL2 will not be translated correctly according to the specified ACL.

The correct answer is "ip route 172.16.32.0 255.255.224.0 S0/0/0 200". This command will implement a backup floating static route to the 172.16.32.0/19 network. The command specifies the destination network as 172.16.32.0 with a subnet mask of 255.255.224.0. It also specifies the next hop interface as S0/0/0 and assigns a higher administrative distance of 200, indicating that it is a backup route.

When the range of allowed VLANs is set to the default value, all VLANs will be allowed across the trunk. This means that traffic from all VLANs will be able to pass through the trunk link between switches.

Based on the output shown in the exhibit, it can be inferred that Port Address Translation (PAT) is being used with an external interface. This is indicated by the fact that the translated addresses in the output have the same external IP address but different port numbers. PAT allows multiple private IP addresses to be translated to a single public IP address by using different port numbers to identify each connection.

The given route to the destination network 172.16.64.0/18 with a next-hop IP address of 192.168.1.1 can be described as an "ultimate route" because it represents the final destination for the network. Additionally, it can be described as a "level 2 child route" because it is a more specific route within a larger network.

A switch uses the source MAC address and the incoming port to populate the MAC address table. This table is used by the switch to determine the outgoing port for forwarding frames to their destination. By associating the MAC address with the incoming port, the switch can efficiently forward frames to the correct destination without flooding the network.

Ethernet switches use a CAM (Content Addressable Memory) table to determine how to forward frames. This table contains MAC address and port mappings, allowing the switch to forward frames to the correct destination. By examining the destination MAC address of incoming frames, the switch can look up the corresponding port in the CAM table and forward the frame accordingly. This ensures that frames are delivered to the intended recipient and prevents unnecessary broadcast of frames to all active switch ports.

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Adding the "default-information originate" command to the configuration of a router that uses RIP as the routing protocol will result in the router propagating a static default route in its RIP updates, but only if a static default route is present. This means that if there is no static default route configured, the router will not propagate any default route information.

The characteristic of the distribution layer in the three-layer hierarchical model is that it provides access to the rest of the network through switching, routing, and network access policies. This layer acts as a bridge between the access layer and the core layer, allowing for the distribution of network traffic throughout the campus. It is responsible for routing traffic to its intended destination and enforcing network access policies to ensure security and control.

The network administrator should enter the IP address 192.168.11.252 at the prompt. This is because the command "copy running-config tftp" is used to copy the running configuration of the router to a TFTP server. In this case, the administrator is prompted to enter the address or name of the remote host, which is the TFTP server. Therefore, the IP address entered should be the address of the TFTP server, which is 192.168.11.252.

The correct answer is switchport mode access, switchport port-security, switchport port-security maximum 2, switchport port-security mac-address sticky, switchport port-security violation restrict. This set of commands enables port security on the Ethernet port, allowing only two laptops to use it. The maximum number of secure MAC addresses is set to 2, and the MAC addresses of the laptops are automatically learned and added to the secure MAC address table. If a violation occurs, such as another device trying to connect, the violation is logged but the port is not shut down.

The wildcard mask 0.0.1.255 is the most efficient to use when specifying all of these networks in a single ACL permit entry because it covers the range of IP addresses from 192.168.0.0 to 192.168.1.255. This includes all the networks mentioned in the question (192.168.1.0/25, 192.168.0.0/25, 192.168.0.128/25, 192.168.1.128/26, and 192.168.1.192/26) while also excluding any other IP addresses outside this range.

To ensure that only devices used by network administrators are allowed Telnet access to the routers, two commands are needed. The first command is "access-class 5 in", which applies an access class to incoming Telnet connections. The second command is "access-list 5 permit 10.7.0.0 0.0.0.31", which creates an access list that permits traffic from the 10.7.0.0/27 network. This access list allows only the devices within that network range to access the routers via Telnet.

Based on the debug output, the "IP: s=192.168.1.10 (FastEthernet0/0), d=209.165.200.225, len 100, sending" message indicates that the source IP address is 192.168.1.10, which is the inside local address. The inside global address should be on the same subnet as the ISP, but in this case, it is not. Therefore, the most likely cause of the problem is that the inside global address is not on the same subnet as the ISP.

The correct answer is "ip route 10.10.0.0 255.255.0.0 209.165.200.225 100". This floating static route would create a backup route to the 10.10.0.0/16 network in the event that the link between R1 and Branch2 goes down. The administrative distance of 100 is higher than the administrative distance of the EIGRP route, so if the EIGRP route becomes unavailable, the router will use this floating static route as the backup route to reach the 10.10.0.0/16 network.

The command "ip address dhcp" enables the interface of a router to acquire an IPv4 address automatically from an ISP when the link to the ISP is enabled. This command allows the router to act as a DHCP client and obtain its IP address dynamically from the ISP's DHCP server. By using this command, the router does not need to be manually configured with a static IP address, simplifying the network setup process.

If a configured NTP master on a network cannot reach any clock with a lower stratum number, the correct statements are: The NTP master will claim to be synchronized at the configured stratum number and other systems will be willing to synchronize to that master using NTP. This means that even though the NTP master cannot reach a clock with a lower stratum number, it will still advertise itself as synchronized at the configured stratum number and other systems will consider it as a valid time source for synchronization.

This set of commands will configure a router as a DHCP server that will assign IPv4 addresses to the 192.168.100.0/23 LAN while reserving the first 10 and the last addresses for static assignment. The "ip dhcp excluded-address" commands exclude the first 10 addresses (192.168.100.1-192.168.100.10) and the last address (192.168.101.254) from being assigned dynamically. The "ip dhcp pool LAN-POOL-100" command creates a DHCP pool named "LAN-POOL-100" for the network 192.168.100.0/23. The "network" command specifies the network address and subnet mask. The "default-router" command sets the default gateway for the DHCP clients to 192.168.100.1.

The highlighted value "172.16.100.64" represents a specific destination network in the routing table. The other values are either default routes (0.0.0.0) or IP addresses of interfaces (172.16.100.2) or metrics (110, 791).

The reason that the number of active clients is 0 is because the DHCPv6 server is operating in stateless mode. In stateless DHCPv6 operation, the server does not maintain any state information for the clients. Therefore, it does not keep track of the number of active clients.

The correct answer is to add the configuration "ip nat inside source static tcp 10.18.7.5 443 209.165.200.225 443" and "ip nat inside source static udp 10.18.7.5 4365 209.165.200.225 4365". This configuration allows the network administrator to create static NAT translations for both TCP port 443 and UDP port 4365. By mapping the internal IP address 10.18.7.5 to the public IP address 209.165.200.225, the marketing personnel can access the networked storage device from their homes.

The syslog service provides three functions. First, it allows the gathering of logging information for monitoring and troubleshooting purposes. Second, it enables the selection of the type of logging information that is captured, allowing for customization based on specific needs. Lastly, it allows for the specification of the destinations of captured messages, ensuring that the logging information is sent to the desired locations for analysis and storage.

Based on the given output, it is stated that "The output is the result of the show ip nat translations command." This means that the displayed information is the output of a specific command. Additionally, it is mentioned that "The host with the address 209.165.200.235 will respond to requests by using a source address of 192.168.10.10." This indicates that the host with the IP address 209.165.200.235 will use the source IP address of 192.168.10.10 when responding to requests.