Phinternship 2 - Exam 3
(46).webp "Phinternship 2 - Exam 3 - Quiz")
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Questions and Answers
- 1.
This test is a measure of the strength of a gelatin capsule.
- A.
Friability test
- B.
Hardness test
- C.
Bloom strength
- D.
Viscosity
Correct Answer
C. Bloom strengthExplanation
Bloom strength is a measure of the strength of a gelatin capsule. It refers to the ability of the gelatin to form a firm gel and hold its shape. A higher bloom strength indicates a stronger gelatin capsule that is less likely to break or dissolve prematurely. This is an important characteristic to consider in the manufacturing of capsules, as it ensures the stability and effectiveness of the medication or supplement contained within. The other options, friability test, hardness test, and viscosity, are not directly related to the strength of a gelatin capsule.Rate this question:
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- 2.
Surface active agents may be incorporated into parenteral solutions to _____.
- A.
Enhance the solubility of therapeutic agents at concentrations lower than the critical micelle concentration
- B.
Enhance the solubility of therapeutic agents to the required concentration
- C.
Lower the interfacial free energy of water
Correct Answer
B. Enhance the solubility of therapeutic agents to the required concentrationExplanation
Surface active agents, also known as surfactants, can be added to parenteral solutions to enhance the solubility of therapeutic agents to the required concentration. Surfactants have the ability to reduce the surface tension between different substances, allowing for better mixing and dissolution of the therapeutic agents in the solution. This is particularly useful when the therapeutic agents have low solubility at the desired concentration. By incorporating surfactants, the solubility of the therapeutic agents can be improved, ensuring that they are present in the solution at the necessary concentration for effective treatment.Rate this question:
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- 3.
This refers to the ratio of the ultimate volume of sediment (Vu) to the original volume of sediment (Vo) before settling.
- A.
Sedimentation volume
- B.
Degrees of flocculation
- C.
Brownian movement
- D.
Electrokinetic properties
Correct Answer
A. Sedimentation volumeExplanation
The sedimentation volume refers to the ratio of the ultimate volume of sediment (Vu) to the original volume of sediment (Vo) before settling. This means that it measures how much the sediment settles and compacts over time.Rate this question:
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- 4.
This excipient is responsible for the flexibility of soft gelatin capsules.
- A.
Water
- B.
Titanium dioxide
- C.
Sulfur dioxide
- D.
Sorbitol
Correct Answer
D. SorbitolExplanation
Sorbitol is a commonly used excipient in soft gelatin capsules because it provides flexibility to the capsule shell. It is a sugar alcohol that has a high water-holding capacity, which helps to maintain the soft and pliable texture of the capsule. Sorbitol also acts as a plasticizer, allowing the capsule to be easily filled and sealed without cracking or breaking. Therefore, sorbitol is responsible for the flexibility of soft gelatin capsules.Rate this question:
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- 5.
Which of the following antioxidants is preferred in oral pharmaceutical suspensions?
- A.
BHA
- B.
BHT
- C.
Sodium sulfite
- D.
Propyl gallate
Correct Answer
C. Sodium sulfiteExplanation
Sodium sulfite is preferred in oral pharmaceutical suspensions as an antioxidant. It helps to prevent the oxidation of active ingredients in the suspension, thereby extending their shelf life. BHA and BHT are also commonly used antioxidants, but they are more suitable for use in fatty or oily substances. Propyl gallate is an antioxidant that is primarily used in food and cosmetic products, rather than pharmaceutical suspensions. Therefore, sodium sulfite is the preferred choice for oral pharmaceutical suspensions.Rate this question:
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- 6.
Which of the following emulsion instabilities occur primarily as a result of the density different between the oil and water phases?
- A.
Aggregation
- B.
Coalescence
- C.
Creaming
- D.
Phase inversion
Correct Answer
C. CreamingExplanation
Creaming occurs primarily as a result of the density difference between the oil and water phases in an emulsion. This instability happens when the oil droplets rise or settle due to the difference in their densities compared to the continuous phase. As a result, the emulsion separates into two layers, with the denser phase at the bottom and the lighter phase at the top. Creaming is a common issue in emulsions and can be influenced by factors such as particle size, viscosity, and temperature.Rate this question:
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- 7.
In emulsions, when liquid is broken up into small particles, the ____ of a surfactant or emulsifying agent at the global interface will ______ the O/W interfacial tension.
- A.
Absorption; decrease
- B.
Adsorption; decrease
- C.
Absorption; increase
- D.
Adsorption; increase
Correct Answer
B. Adsorption; decreaseExplanation
When a liquid is broken up into small particles in emulsions, the surfactant or emulsifying agent adsorbs at the global interface. This means that the surfactant molecules accumulate at the interface between the liquid particles and the surrounding medium. The adsorption of the surfactant molecules at the interface reduces the interfacial tension between the oil and water phases, causing it to decrease. Therefore, the correct answer is "adsorption; decrease."Rate this question:
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- 8.
Which of the following is an example of W/O type of cream?
- A.
Cold cream
- B.
Foundation creams
- C.
Shaving creams
- D.
Vanishing creams
Correct Answer
A. Cold creamExplanation
Cold cream is an example of a W/O (water-in-oil) type of cream. W/O creams are formulated with water droplets dispersed in an oil base. Cold cream is a thick, emollient cream that is used to moisturize and cleanse the skin. It is made up of water, oil, and an emulsifying agent that helps to stabilize the mixture. The oil base in cold cream helps to provide a protective barrier on the skin, preventing moisture loss and keeping the skin hydrated.Rate this question:
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- 9.
This is a form of packaging where tablets and capsules are encased in a small custom-formed cavity of plastic or aluminum and sealed in place.
- A.
Blister pack
- B.
Sachets
- C.
Strip pack
- D.
Paper pack
Correct Answer
A. Blister packExplanation
A blister pack is a type of packaging where tablets and capsules are placed in individual cavities made of plastic or aluminum. These cavities are custom-formed to fit the shape and size of the medication, ensuring a secure fit. The blister pack is then sealed to keep the medication protected and maintain its freshness. This type of packaging is commonly used for over-the-counter medications and provides a convenient and tamper-evident way to store and dispense medication.Rate this question:
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- 10.
Span series is an example of ____.
- A.
Polyoxyethylene fatty acid
- B.
Polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers
- C.
Fatty alcohols
- D.
Sorbitan esters
Correct Answer
D. Sorbitan estersExplanation
The given options are examples of different chemical compounds. Polyoxyethylene fatty acid, polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers, and fatty alcohols are all types of compounds that contain polyoxyethylene groups. On the other hand, sorbitan esters are a different type of compound altogether. Therefore, the correct answer is sorbitan esters.Rate this question:
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- 11.
This is employed as a co-solvent to ensure solubility of all ingredients in oral elixir.
- A.
Glycerol
- B.
Ethanol
- C.
Almond oil
- D.
Sorbitol
Correct Answer
B. EthanolExplanation
Ethanol is employed as a co-solvent in oral elixirs to ensure the solubility of all ingredients. It acts as a solvent, helping to dissolve both water-soluble and oil-soluble compounds, making it easier to create a homogenous mixture. This is particularly important in oral elixirs, as they often contain a combination of water-soluble and oil-soluble ingredients. Ethanol also has preservative properties, helping to extend the shelf life of the oral elixir. Additionally, it can enhance the bioavailability of certain drugs, allowing for better absorption in the body.Rate this question:
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- 12.
Which of the following cannot be used as non-aqueous parenteral vehicle?
- A.
Cottonseed oil
- B.
Corn oil
- C.
Palm oil
- D.
Sesame oil
Correct Answer
C. Palm oilExplanation
Palm oil cannot be used as a non-aqueous parenteral vehicle because it contains a high level of free fatty acids, which can lead to irritation and inflammation at the injection site. Cottonseed oil, corn oil, and sesame oil are commonly used as non-aqueous parenteral vehicles due to their low levels of free fatty acids and compatibility with drug formulations.Rate this question:
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- 13.
Gelatin capsules are unsuitable for aqueous liquids because _____.
- A.
Water softens the gelatin and distorts the capsule
- B.
Water hardens the gelatin, making the capsule brittle
- C.
Water may add up to the final weight of the capsule
- D.
Water may liquefy the capsule shell
Correct Answer
A. Water softens the gelatin and distorts the capsuleExplanation
Gelatin capsules are made from gelatin, which is a substance that softens when it comes into contact with water. This softening can cause the gelatin capsule to become distorted and lose its shape. Therefore, aqueous liquids, which contain water, are unsuitable for gelatin capsules as they can soften the gelatin and distort the capsule.Rate this question:
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- 14.
This is a type of lactose that is used for direct compression.
- A.
Hydrous lactose
- B.
Anhydrous lactose
- C.
Spray dried lactose
- D.
Monohydrated lactose
Correct Answer
C. Spray dried lactoseExplanation
Spray dried lactose is a type of lactose that is used for direct compression. The process of spray drying involves spraying a liquid lactose solution into a hot air chamber, where the liquid quickly evaporates, leaving behind fine lactose particles. This results in a powder that is free-flowing and easily compressible, making it ideal for direct compression in tablet manufacturing. Anhydrous lactose, on the other hand, does not contain any water molecules and may not have the same flow and compressibility properties as spray dried lactose. Monohydrated lactose contains one water molecule and may not be as suitable for direct compression as spray dried lactose.Rate this question:
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- 15.
This is the process of thoroughly combining different materials to produce a homogenous product.
- A.
Dilution
- B.
Homogenization
- C.
Blending
- D.
Separation
Correct Answer
C. BlendingExplanation
Blending is the correct answer because it refers to the process of thoroughly combining different materials to produce a homogenous product. This process involves mixing the materials together until they are evenly distributed, resulting in a uniform composition. Dilution, homogenization, and separation do not accurately describe the process of combining materials to produce a homogenous product.Rate this question:
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- 16.
The following are considered as soluble lubricant, EXCEPT:
- A.
PEG
- B.
Magnesium stearate
- C.
Polyoxyethylene stearates
- D.
SLS
Correct Answer
B. Magnesium stearateExplanation
Magnesium stearate is not considered a soluble lubricant because it is insoluble in water. Soluble lubricants are substances that can dissolve in water or other solvents to form a lubricating film. PEG, polyoxyethylene stearates, and SLS (sodium lauryl sulfate) are examples of soluble lubricants commonly used in various industries.Rate this question:
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- 17.
This is a family of polysaccharides that is derived from red seaweed.
- A.
Sodium alginate
- B.
Carrageenan
- C.
Alginic acid
- D.
All of the above
Correct Answer
B. CarrageenanExplanation
Carrageenan is derived from red seaweed and is a member of the family of polysaccharides. It is commonly used as a thickening and stabilizing agent in various food products. Sodium alginate and alginic acid are also derived from seaweed but are not specifically mentioned as members of the polysaccharide family in the given statement. Therefore, the correct answer is carrageenan.Rate this question:
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- 18.
Which of the following mechanisms of size reduction is used by a roller mill?
- A.
Attrition
- B.
Cutting
- C.
Compression
- D.
Impact
Correct Answer
A. AttritionExplanation
A roller mill uses attrition as a mechanism of size reduction. Attrition refers to the wearing down of particles by rubbing against each other or against a solid surface. In a roller mill, the material is crushed between two rollers that rotate in opposite directions, causing attrition between the particles. This results in the reduction of particle size as the material is gradually broken down into smaller fragments. Therefore, attrition is the correct mechanism of size reduction used by a roller mill.Rate this question:
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- 19.
This method of comminution is used with gummy substances or hard, crystalline powders that do not crush or triturate easily.
- A.
Trituration
- B.
Pulverization by intervention
- C.
Levigation
- D.
Dilution
Correct Answer
B. Pulverization by interventionExplanation
Pulverization by intervention is the correct answer because this method involves using an external force or intervention to break down gummy substances or hard, crystalline powders that are difficult to crush or triturate. In this process, an additional substance is added to aid in the pulverization, such as a liquid or a solid that can absorb the substance being pulverized. This method is commonly used in the pharmaceutical industry to prepare powders for various applications.Rate this question:
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- 20.
These are agents that form complexes with and inactivate metals such as copper, iron, and zinc, which catalyze oxidative degradation of drug molecules.
- A.
Antioxidant
- B.
Suspending agent
- C.
Chelating agent
- D.
Buffer
Correct Answer
A. AntioxidantExplanation
Antioxidants are agents that can neutralize free radicals and prevent oxidative damage to drug molecules. They can form complexes with and inactivate metals such as copper, iron, and zinc, which are known to catalyze oxidative degradation of drugs. Therefore, antioxidants can protect drug molecules from degradation by binding to these metals and preventing their harmful effects.Rate this question:
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- 21.
This phenomena is the removal of the edges of tablets.
- A.
Capping
- B.
Cracking
- C.
Chipping
- D.
Lamination
Correct Answer
C. ChippingExplanation
Chipping refers to the phenomenon of the edges of tablets getting removed. It is a common issue in tablet manufacturing where the edges of the tablet become damaged or chipped off, resulting in an uneven appearance. This can occur due to various factors such as improper compression force, poor tablet design, or inadequate lubrication during the manufacturing process. Chipping can affect the functionality and aesthetics of the tablet, making it important for manufacturers to address this issue to ensure the quality of the final product.Rate this question:
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- 22.
Which of the following is the classification of powder based on particle size where all particles pass through no. 120 sieve?
- A.
Coarse powder
- B.
Moderately coarse powder
- C.
Fine powder
- D.
Very fine powder
Correct Answer
D. Very fine powderExplanation
The classification of powder based on particle size where all particles pass through a no. 120 sieve is known as a very fine powder. This means that the particles of the powder are extremely small and can easily pass through a sieve with 120 mesh openings per inch.Rate this question:
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- 23.
Oil-soluble materials have ____ HLB values, while water-soluble materials have ____ HLB values.
- A.
Low, high
- B.
High, low
- C.
Low, low
- D.
High, high
Correct Answer
A. Low, highExplanation
Oil-soluble materials have low HLB (Hydrophilic-Lipophilic Balance) values because they have a greater affinity for oil or lipids. On the other hand, water-soluble materials have high HLB values because they have a greater affinity for water. The HLB value is a measure of the balance between the hydrophilic (water-loving) and lipophilic (oil-loving) properties of a substance, and it determines its solubility in water or oil. Therefore, the correct answer is "low, high".Rate this question:
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- 24.
Which of the following is considered as naturally-occurring sterol-containing substance?
- A.
Wool fat
- B.
Tragacanth
- C.
Agar
- D.
Pectin
Correct Answer
A. Wool fatExplanation
Wool fat, also known as lanolin, is considered a naturally-occurring sterol-containing substance. Lanolin is derived from the sebaceous glands of sheep and is composed of various sterol compounds, including cholesterol. It is commonly used in skincare products and pharmaceuticals due to its emollient and moisturizing properties.Rate this question:
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- 25.
Which of the following tests for parenteral products characterize the presence of bacterial endotoxin?
- A.
Limulus Amebocyte Lypase (LAL) test
- B.
Limulus Bacteriodes Vulgatus (LBV) test
- C.
Limulus Amebocyte Lysate (LAL) test
- D.
Limulus Polymphemus Lysate (LPL) test
Correct Answer
C. Limulus Amebocyte Lysate (LAL) testExplanation
The Limulus Amebocyte Lysate (LAL) test is used to detect the presence of bacterial endotoxin in parenteral products. Bacterial endotoxins are toxic components of the outer membrane of certain bacteria that can cause severe reactions in humans. The LAL test utilizes the blood cells (amebocytes) of the horseshoe crab Limulus polyphemus, which are sensitive to endotoxins. The lysate from these cells is added to the product being tested, and if endotoxins are present, a clotting reaction occurs. This clotting reaction indicates the presence of bacterial endotoxins and helps ensure the safety and quality of parenteral products.Rate this question:
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- 26.
Which of the following can be used a suppository mold lubricant?
- A.
Glyceryl monostearate
- B.
Myristyl alcohol
- C.
Liquid paraffin
- D.
Polysorbate 80
Correct Answer
C. Liquid paraffinExplanation
Liquid paraffin can be used as a suppository mold lubricant because it has a smooth and slippery texture, making it easier to remove the suppository from the mold without causing any damage or sticking. It also helps in ensuring that the suppository maintains its shape and integrity during the manufacturing process.Rate this question:
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- 27.
This is the inert substance used to increase the bulk of the tablet.
- A.
Binder
- B.
Diluent
- C.
Disintegrator
- D.
Glidant
Correct Answer
B. DiluentExplanation
A diluent is an inert substance that is used to increase the bulk of a tablet. It is added to the active ingredients in order to achieve the desired tablet size and shape. The diluent does not have any therapeutic effect, but it helps in the manufacturing process and aids in the swallowing of the tablet by the patient.Rate this question:
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- 28.
Which of the following methods are best used for compression of two incompatible ingredients?
- A.
Dry granulation
- B.
Wet granulation
- C.
Direct compression
- D.
Layered compression
Correct Answer
D. Layered compressionExplanation
Layered compression is the best method for compression of two incompatible ingredients because it involves compressing the ingredients in separate layers. This allows for the ingredients to be kept separate and prevents any potential reactions or incompatibilities between them. By layering the ingredients, their individual properties can be maintained while still achieving compression. This method is particularly useful when dealing with ingredients that have different particle sizes, densities, or chemical properties that may not be compatible when mixed together.Rate this question:
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- 29.
This is the ability of a formulation to remain within its physical, chemical, therapeutic, and toxicological specification.
- A.
Shelf life
- B.
Quality
- C.
Assurance
- D.
Stability
Correct Answer
A. Shelf lifeExplanation
Shelf life refers to the duration of time that a formulation can remain stable and maintain its physical, chemical, therapeutic, and toxicological specifications. It is a measure of the product's quality and assurance, as it ensures that the formulation remains effective and safe for use within a specified period.Rate this question:
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- 30.
Which of the following types of tablets will not require disintegration testing?
- A.
Sugar-coated tablet
- B.
Enteric-coated tablet
- C.
Chewable tablet
- D.
Modified release tablet
Correct Answer
C. Chewable tabletExplanation
Chewable tablets do not require disintegration testing because they are designed to be chewed and dissolved in the mouth before swallowing. The purpose of disintegration testing is to ensure that a tablet will break down and dissolve within a specified time frame in order to release the active ingredients. Since chewable tablets are already designed to dissolve quickly, there is no need for additional testing to confirm their disintegration.Rate this question:
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- 31.
The bioavailability of a drug is dependent on which of the following tablet properties?
- A.
Thickness
- B.
Weight
- C.
Hardness
- D.
Dissolution
Correct Answer
D. DissolutionExplanation
The bioavailability of a drug refers to the amount of the drug that enters the bloodstream and is available to produce a therapeutic effect. Dissolution refers to the process by which a drug dissolves in the gastrointestinal tract and becomes available for absorption. Therefore, the dissolution rate of a tablet directly affects its bioavailability. A tablet that dissolves quickly will release the drug faster, increasing its bioavailability. On the other hand, a tablet that dissolves slowly will release the drug more slowly, decreasing its bioavailability. Therefore, the dissolution property of a tablet is a key factor in determining its bioavailability.Rate this question:
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- 32.
Colors and dyes in tablet formulations serve there purposes, EXCEPT:
- A.
To disguise off-colored drugs
- B.
To disguise unpleasant-tasting drugs
- C.
To provide product identification
- D.
To produce more elegant products
Correct Answer
B. To disguise unpleasant-tasting drugsExplanation
The colors and dyes in tablet formulations serve various purposes, such as disguising off-colored drugs, providing product identification, and producing more elegant products. However, they do not serve the purpose of disguising unpleasant-tasting drugs. This means that the colors and dyes are not used to mask the taste of drugs that may have an unpleasant flavor.Rate this question:
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- 33.
The length of time that a drug is within the required specification.
- A.
Storage condition
- B.
Expiry date
- C.
Shelf life
- D.
Stability
Correct Answer
C. Shelf lifeExplanation
The term "shelf life" refers to the length of time that a drug remains within the required specification. It indicates the period during which a drug can be stored and used safely and effectively. This includes factors such as storage conditions, expiry date, and stability. Therefore, "shelf life" is the most appropriate term that encompasses all these aspects related to the duration of a drug's effectiveness and safety.Rate this question:
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- 34.
Which is not considered an advantage of sugar-coated tablets?
- A.
Protect from environmental degradation
- B.
Improve taste and mask odor
- C.
Enhance appearance
- D.
May add 50% to weight and bulk of uncoated tablet
Correct Answer
D. May add 50% to weight and bulk of uncoated tabletExplanation
Sugar-coated tablets have several advantages, such as protecting from environmental degradation, improving taste and masking odor, and enhancing appearance. However, one disadvantage is that they may add 50% to the weight and bulk of uncoated tablets. This means that sugar-coating can significantly increase the size and weight of the tablet, which may be undesirable for certain patients or make it difficult to swallow.Rate this question:
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- 35.
Which of the following is not true of high concentration of lubricant in the formulation?
- A.
Decrease in tablet hardness
- B.
Inability to compress into tablets
- C.
Decrease in disintegration and dissolution time
- D.
All of the above
Correct Answer
C. Decrease in disintegration and dissolution timeExplanation
A high concentration of lubricant in the formulation does not lead to a decrease in disintegration and dissolution time. Disintegration refers to the breakdown of a tablet into smaller particles, while dissolution refers to the process of a tablet dissolving in a liquid. Lubricants are added to tablet formulations to reduce friction between the tablet and the equipment during manufacturing. However, a high concentration of lubricant can negatively affect tablet hardness and the ability to compress the tablets, but it does not impact disintegration and dissolution time.Rate this question:
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- 36.
Lanolin is also known as _______.
- A.
Wool alcohol
- B.
Wool fat
- C.
Sheep's wool
- D.
Wool wax
Correct Answer
B. Wool fatExplanation
Lanolin is a natural substance derived from sheep's wool. It is commonly referred to as "wool fat" because it is a waxy substance secreted by the sebaceous glands of sheep. Lanolin is used in various products such as moisturizers, lip balms, and ointments due to its emollient and moisturizing properties. It is also known for its ability to protect and nourish the skin, making it a valuable ingredient in skincare products.Rate this question:
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- 37.
Which of the following is not true about theobroma oil as suppository base?
- A.
Adheres to mold, and thus require a lubricant
- B.
Exist in four polymorphic forms due to the high content of triglycerides
- C.
Becomes rancid on storage
- D.
Miscible in body gluids and good water absorption
Correct Answer
D. Miscible in body gluids and good water absorptionExplanation
The statement "miscible in body fluids and good water absorption" is not true about theobroma oil as a suppository base. Theobroma oil is not miscible in body fluids and does not have good water absorption properties.Rate this question:
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- 38.
Avicel is also known as:
- A.
Methylcellulose
- B.
Microcrystalline cellulose
- C.
Magnesium aluminum silicate
- D.
Carmellose sodium
Correct Answer
B. Microcrystalline celluloseExplanation
Avicel is a brand name for microcrystalline cellulose, which is a commonly used excipient in pharmaceuticals and dietary supplements. It is derived from cellulose, a natural polymer found in plant cell walls. Microcrystalline cellulose is often used as a filler or bulking agent in tablets and capsules due to its excellent compressibility and flow properties. It also acts as a disintegrant, helping the tablet break down and release the active ingredient in the body. Therefore, microcrystalline cellulose is the correct answer for Avicel's alternative name.Rate this question:
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- 39.
Which of the following is true about zeta potential?
- A.
It is the potential difference across phase boundaries between solids and liquids.
- B.
This potential governs the degree of repulsion between the adjacent, similarly charged, dispersed particles.
- C.
If the zeta potential is reduced below a certain value, the attractive forces exceed the repulsive forces, and the particles come together.
- D.
All of the above
Correct Answer
D. All of the aboveExplanation
Zeta potential is the potential difference across phase boundaries between solids and liquids. It plays a crucial role in governing the degree of repulsion between adjacent, similarly charged, dispersed particles. If the zeta potential is reduced below a certain value, the attractive forces between particles exceed the repulsive forces, causing the particles to come together. Therefore, all of the statements mentioned in the options are true about zeta potential.Rate this question:
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- 40.
This refers to the settling of particles or floccules under gravitational force in a liquid dosage form.
- A.
Flocculation
- B.
Sedimentation
- C.
Creaming
- D.
Coalescence
Correct Answer
B. SedimentationExplanation
Sedimentation refers to the settling of particles or floccules under gravitational force in a liquid dosage form. This process occurs when the particles or floccules in the liquid become denser than the surrounding liquid and begin to sink to the bottom. Sedimentation is commonly used in various industries, including pharmaceuticals, where it is utilized to separate solid particles from liquid suspensions. It is an important step in the formulation and manufacturing of many liquid dosage forms, ensuring that the final product is uniform and free from any solid particles.Rate this question:
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- 41.
Which of the following is true about hydrocarbon bases?
- A.
Have emollient properties, thereby restricting water loss from the site of application due to water evaporation.
- B.
Have excellent retention on the skin
- C.
Improves the spreadability of the product
- D.
Chemically reactive
Correct Answer
B. Have excellent retention on the skinExplanation
Hydrocarbon bases have excellent retention on the skin, meaning that they are able to stay on the skin surface for a longer period of time. This can be beneficial in skincare products as it allows for prolonged moisturization and protection. The hydrocarbon base forms a barrier on the skin, preventing water loss and maintaining hydration. This property is particularly useful in products designed to prevent dryness and promote skin health.Rate this question:
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- 42.
This is a refined and purified protein that functions as a stabilizer, binder, and gelling agent, and is commonly used in soft and hard gel capsules.
- A.
PEG
- B.
Span
- C.
Gelatin
- D.
Castor oil
Correct Answer
C. GelatinExplanation
Gelatin is a refined and purified protein that has multiple functions such as stabilizing, binding, and gelling. It is commonly used in the production of soft and hard gel capsules. Gelatin helps to provide structure and stability to the capsules, allowing them to maintain their shape and protect the contents inside. It is a popular choice in the pharmaceutical industry due to its versatility and reliability as a gelling agent.Rate this question:
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- 43.
Which of the following is used as a glossant in sugar-coated tablets?
- A.
Beeswax
- B.
Carbowax
- C.
Spermaceti
- D.
Paraffin wax
Correct Answer
A. BeeswaxExplanation
Beeswax is used as a glossant in sugar-coated tablets. It is a natural wax produced by honey bees and is commonly used in pharmaceuticals and cosmetics. Beeswax helps to give a smooth and shiny coating to the tablets, making them easier to swallow and improving their appearance.Rate this question:
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- 44.
Which of the following is an example of convective dryer?
- A.
Fluidized-bed dryer
- B.
Vacuum oven
- C.
Microwave radiation
- D.
All of the above
Correct Answer
A. Fluidized-bed dryerExplanation
A fluidized-bed dryer is an example of a convective dryer. In this type of dryer, the material to be dried is suspended in a stream of hot air or gas, creating a fluidized bed. The hot air or gas flows through the material, transferring heat and moisture, resulting in efficient drying. This method is commonly used in industries such as food processing and pharmaceuticals. Vacuum oven and microwave radiation are not examples of convective dryers as they use different mechanisms for drying.Rate this question:
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- 45.
The following are considered as wet granulators, EXCEPT:
- A.
Sheer granulators
- B.
Chilsonator
- C.
High-speed mixer
- D.
Fluidized-bed granulation
Correct Answer
B. ChilsonatorExplanation
The chilsonator is not considered a wet granulator because it is a dry granulation process. Wet granulators involve the addition of a liquid binder to the powder mixture, which then forms granules through a wet massing and drying process. Sheer granulators, high-speed mixers, and fluidized-bed granulation are all examples of wet granulation techniques.Rate this question:
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- 46.
This is the naturally occurring dried gum obtained from Astragalus gummifer.
- A.
Acacia
- B.
Tragacanth
- C.
Bentonite
- D.
Xanthan gum
Correct Answer
B. TragacanthExplanation
Tragacanth is the correct answer because it is a naturally occurring dried gum obtained from Astragalus gummifer. It is commonly used as a thickening agent in food and pharmaceutical industries due to its ability to absorb water and form a gel-like consistency. Tragacanth is also used in traditional medicine for its potential medicinal properties, such as reducing inflammation and promoting wound healing.Rate this question:
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- 47.
Type of surfactant that is pharmaceutically used as preservative of topical formulations.
- A.
Nonionic
- B.
Anionic
- C.
Cationic
- D.
Amphoteric
Correct Answer
C. CationicExplanation
Cationic surfactants are commonly used as preservatives in topical formulations due to their antimicrobial properties. They have a positive charge, which allows them to interact with negatively charged microbial cell membranes, disrupting their structure and preventing their growth. This makes cationic surfactants effective in preserving the shelf-life and preventing contamination of pharmaceutical products.Rate this question:
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- 48.
This is the component of aerosol that delivers the drug in desired form and regulates the flow of product concentrate from the container.
- A.
Valve
- B.
Actuator
- C.
Propellant
- D.
Ferrule
Correct Answer
A. ValveExplanation
The valve is the component of an aerosol that controls the flow of the drug in the desired form and regulates the concentration of the product. It allows the user to control the amount of drug being delivered and ensures that it is delivered in the intended manner. The valve acts as a barrier between the container and the user, allowing for precise dosing and preventing any leakage or contamination.Rate this question:
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- 49.
Which of the following is NOT true about pharmaceutical suspensions?
- A.
The rate of sedimentation is increased as the diameter of the dispersed drug particles is increased.
- B.
Suspensions are inherently pharmaceutically unstable.
- C.
The stability of pharmaceutical suspensions is affected by the particle size of the dispersed drug.
- D.
The rate of sedimentation is increased as the viscosity of the continuous phase is increased.
Correct Answer
A. The rate of sedimentation is increased as the diameter of the dispersed drug particles is increased.Explanation
The rate of sedimentation is actually decreased as the diameter of the dispersed drug particles is increased. This is because larger particles experience more resistance from the surrounding medium, causing them to settle more slowly. Therefore, the given statement is not true.Rate this question:
-
- 50.
The following are considered as disadvantages of parenterals, EXCEPT:
- A.
Require for aseptic technique
- B.
May lead to rapid and intense allergic reactions
- C.
For drugs that offer poor bioavailability or those that are rapidly degraded within the GI
- D.
Difficult to reverse the effects of drugs that have been administered parenterally
Correct Answer
C. For drugs that offer poor bioavailability or those that are rapidly degraded within the GIExplanation
Parenterals are a type of medication that is administered through injection or infusion. The disadvantages of parenterals include the need for aseptic technique to prevent infections, the potential for rapid and intense allergic reactions, and the difficulty in reversing the effects of drugs that have been administered. However, parenterals are actually advantageous for drugs that offer poor bioavailability or those that are rapidly degraded within the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. This is because parenteral administration bypasses the GI tract, allowing for better absorption and effectiveness of these drugs.Rate this question:
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Current Version
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Jul 23, 2024Quiz Edited by
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May 25, 2017Quiz Created by
Uscpharma
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