Cardiovascular System | Myocardial Infarction And Heart Failure NCLEX Quiz 13

One of the most common signs of digoxin toxicity is the visual disturbance known as the “green-yellow halo sign.” The other medications aren’t associated with such an effect.

Crackles in the lungs are a classic sign of left-sided heart failure. These sounds are caused by fluid backing up into the pulmonary system.Option B: Arrhythmias can be associated with both right- and left-sided heart failure.Option D: Left-sided heart failure causes hypertension secondary to an increased workload on the system.

Elevated venous pressure. exhibited as jugular vein distention. indicates a failure of the heart to pump.Options A and D: JVD isn’t a symptom of abdominal aortic aneurysm or pneumothorax.Option C: An MI. if severe enough. can progress to heart failure. however. in and of itself. an MI doesn’t cause JVD.

Stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system causes tachycardia and increased contractility. The other symptoms listed are related to the parasympathetic nervous system. which is responsible for slowing the heart rate.

Beta-adrenergic blockers work by blocking beta receptors in the myocardium. reducing the response to catecholamines and sympathetic nerve stimulation. They protect the myocardium. helping to reduce the risk of another infarction by decreasing myocardial oxygen demand.Option B: Calcium channel blockers reduce the workload of the heart by decreasing the heart rate.Option C: Narcotics reduce myocardial oxygen demand. promote vasodilation. and decrease anxiety.Option D: Nitrates reduce myocardial oxygen consumption by decreasing left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (preload) and systemic vascular resistance (afterload).

Weight gain. nausea. and a decrease in urine output are secondary effects of right-sided heart failure.Option A: Angina pectoris doesn’t cause weight gain. nausea. or a decrease in urine output.Option B: Cardiomyopathy is usually identified as a symptom of left-sided heart failure.Option C: Left-sided heart failure causes primarily pulmonary symptoms rather than systemic ones.

The most accurate area on the body to assess dependent edema in a bed-ridden client is the sacral area. Sacral. or dependent. edema is secondary to right-sided heart failure.

Inadequate deactivation of aldosterone by the liver after right-sided heart failure leads to fluid retention. which causes oliguria.

Inotropic agents are administered to increase the force of the heart’s contractions. thereby increasing ventricular contractility and ultimately increasing cardiac output.

Arrhythmias. caused by oxygen deprivation to the myocardium. are the most common complication of an MI.Option A: Cardiogenic shock. another complication of an MI. is defined as the end stage of left ventricular dysfunction. This condition occurs in approximately 15% of clients with MI.Option B: Because the pumping function of the heart is compromised by an MI. heart failure is the second most common complication.Option D: Pericarditis most commonly results from a bacterial or viral infection but may occur after the MI.