Unit 1 Modeling & Ergonomics

Ergonomics is the correct answer because it involves the application of scientific knowledge about how humans interact with their work environment. By studying factors such as body mechanics, comfort, and efficiency, ergonomics aims to improve working conditions and increase productivity. It focuses on designing workspaces, tools, and equipment that are well-suited to the physical and cognitive capabilities of individuals, ultimately enhancing their well-being and performance in the workplace.

When designing the controls of a car, it is important to consider psychological factors, such as the cognitive abilities and mental workload of the driver. Physiological factors, such as the physical capabilities and limitations of the driver, should also be taken into account. Additionally, anthropometric factors, which include the body dimensions and proportions of the driver, are crucial to ensure comfortable and ergonomic control placement. Therefore, all three factors - psychological, physiological, and anthropometric - need to be considered when designing car controls.

The diagram in question shows a drawing that combines elements of both isometric and exploded views. In an exploded isometric drawing, the components of an object are shown separated from each other to illustrate their individual parts and how they fit together. This type of drawing is commonly used in technical and engineering fields to provide a clear understanding of the assembly process.

The correct answer is II and III. Psychological data are influenced by an individual's perceptions because they involve thoughts, emotions, and behaviors that are subjective and can vary from person to person. Physiological data are also influenced by an individual's perceptions because factors such as stress, anxiety, and mood can affect physiological responses in the body. Anthropometric data, on the other hand, are objective measurements of the physical dimensions of the body and are not influenced by perceptions.

The statement "low capital cost" does not describe an advantage of using computer-aided design (CAD). CAD software typically requires a significant investment in terms of purchasing licenses, training, and hardware requirements. While CAD can bring cost savings in the long run by reducing the need for physical prototypes and improving efficiency, the initial capital cost is generally high.

The correct answer is B. In flowcharts, the symbol used to represent a decision is a diamond shape. This symbol is used to indicate a point in the process where a decision needs to be made, and the flow of the chart can diverge based on the outcome of that decision.

Clay is used to create a full-size model of a new car design in the design development stage because it is easy to manipulate. Unlike other materials, clay can be easily shaped and molded to create the desired form and details of the car design. This allows designers to make quick changes and adjustments to the model as needed. Additionally, clay provides a tactile and hands-on experience for designers, allowing them to better visualize and refine their design before moving on to more permanent materials.

Computer aided design (CAD) has had the most impact on the shortening of the product cycle. CAD allows designers to create and modify digital models of products, streamlining the design process and reducing the time required to bring a product to market. With CAD, designers can quickly iterate and make changes to their designs, resulting in faster prototyping and production. This technology has revolutionized the design industry by increasing efficiency, accuracy, and speed, ultimately leading to shorter product cycles.

Mathematical modeling is used with CAD/CAM systems. CAD (Computer-Aided Design) and CAM (Computer-Aided Manufacturing) are software tools that allow engineers and designers to create and manipulate 2D and 3D models of products. These models can then be used to simulate and analyze various aspects of the design, such as stress analysis, fluid flow, or heat transfer. Mathematical modeling is an integral part of this process as it involves using mathematical equations and algorithms to represent and solve the physical phenomena being studied. Therefore, CAD/CAM is the correct answer as it specifically mentions the use of mathematical modeling in conjunction with these systems.

The 5th percentile range would ensure that the maximum number of users would be able to reach items within the workspace. The 5th percentile represents the lower end of the range, meaning that it includes the shortest reach distances. By designing the workspace to accommodate the 5th percentile, it ensures that even individuals with shorter reach capabilities can comfortably access items within the workspace.

An isometric drawing is constructed to a set angle of 60 degrees to the vertical. In an isometric drawing, the object is represented in three dimensions, with all three axes (x, y, and z) equally foreshortened. This means that the angles between the axes are all 120 degrees, with the vertical axis being at a 60-degree angle to the horizontal axes. Therefore, an isometric drawing is the correct answer for a drawing constructed to a set angle of 60 degrees to the vertical.

Physical models and mathematical models are both used to represent selected features of a design. Physical models are tangible representations that can be touched and examined, while mathematical models are abstract representations that use equations and calculations to describe the design. Both types of models are used to simplify complex designs and highlight specific aspects that are important for understanding and analysis. They may not necessarily be easy to understand by clients or be 3D, and while physical models aim for realistic representations, mathematical models focus on accuracy rather than realism.

A designer is most likely to use a perspective drawing in discussions with a manufacturer. Perspective drawings provide a realistic representation of how an object will look in three dimensions. This type of drawing allows the designer to communicate their vision and design intent to the manufacturer, giving them a clear understanding of the final product. Perspective drawings are commonly used in fields such as architecture, industrial design, and product development to convey the overall look and feel of a design.

A performance test is designed to measure and evaluate the performance of a system, product, or service. It focuses on collecting objective and measurable data, such as response time, throughput, and resource usage. This type of data is known as quantitative data because it can be expressed numerically and analyzed statistically. Aesthetics data, qualitative data, and data about users' opinions are not typically collected in a performance test as they are subjective and not directly related to the performance of the system being tested.

Orthographic drawing technique is most useful to the manufacturer because it provides a detailed and accurate representation of an object from multiple views. This technique allows the manufacturer to clearly visualize the object's dimensions, shapes, and features from different angles, which is essential for designing and manufacturing complex products. It helps in communicating the design intent effectively, ensuring that the final product meets the desired specifications and can be produced accurately.