1.
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2.
Listening is an _________ process, while hearing is a _____________ process.
Explanation
Listening is an active process, while hearing is a passive process. This means that listening requires active engagement and effort from the listener to understand and interpret the sounds being heard. On the other hand, hearing simply refers to the ability to perceive sounds without actively processing or comprehending them.
3.
On average, what percentage of information do we remember that we hear?
Correct Answer
C. 25-50%
Explanation
Research suggests that on average, we remember about 25-50% of the information we hear. Our ability to retain information from auditory sources is limited due to various factors such as distractions, lack of attention, and the way our brains process and store information. Additionally, the effectiveness of our memory can be influenced by individual differences and the importance or relevance of the information being presented. Therefore, it is unlikely that we remember 100% of what we hear, but rather a range between 25-50%.
4.
The process of listening incorporates which of the following? SELECT ALL THAT APPLY
Correct Answer(s)
A. Act of will
B. Attention
E. No judging
Explanation
Listening is a process that involves actively choosing to listen (act of will), focusing on the speaker and their message (attention), and refraining from forming judgments or opinions (no judging). Giving input and evaluation are not part of the listening process, as they involve responding or analyzing the information received.
5.
What percentage of communication is non-verbal?
Correct Answer
E. 93%
Explanation
Non-verbal communication includes gestures, body language, facial expressions, and tone of voice. It is widely believed that non-verbal communication accounts for a significant portion of overall communication, often estimated to be around 93%. This high percentage suggests that the majority of our messages are conveyed through non-verbal cues rather than the actual words we speak. Non-verbal communication plays a crucial role in conveying emotions, attitudes, and intentions, and can often have a stronger impact on the receiver than verbal communication alone.
6.
Which of the following does non-verbal communication include? SELECT ALL THAT APPLY
Correct Answer(s)
A. Pitch
B. Tone
C. Body gestures
D. Facial expressions
E. Eye contact
F. Appearance
G. Body posture
H. Spatial distance
Explanation
Non-verbal communication includes various aspects such as pitch, tone, body gestures, facial expressions, eye contact, appearance, body posture, and spatial distance. These elements play a crucial role in conveying messages and emotions without the use of words. Pitch and tone refer to the way someone speaks or the sound of their voice, while body gestures involve movements and actions made by the body. Facial expressions convey emotions and feelings, while eye contact establishes a connection and shows attentiveness. Appearance, body posture, and spatial distance also contribute to non-verbal communication by providing visual cues about a person's personality, attitude, and level of comfort.
7.
Which of the following are Carkhuff Levels of Empathy? SELECT ALL THAT APPLY
Correct Answer(s)
B. Repetition or Pretend Listening
C. Connection
D. Advanced Empathy
Explanation
The Carkhuff Levels of Empathy include Repetition or Pretend Listening, Connection, and Advanced Empathy. Repetition or Pretend Listening refers to when someone repeats or pretends to listen without truly understanding or empathizing with the other person. Connection involves establishing a genuine connection and understanding with the other person. Advanced Empathy is the highest level, where the person is able to deeply understand and share the emotions of the other person. Tuned In and Realization are not mentioned as Carkhuff Levels of Empathy.
8.
Low degree of understanding another's perspective. Parroting what a person is saying, nodding in agreement and providing stock responses.
Correct Answer
B. Level 2: Repetition or Pretend Listening
Explanation
The given answer, Level 2: Repetition or Pretend Listening, is the correct answer because it aligns with the description provided in the question. This level refers to parroting what a person is saying, nodding in agreement, and providing stock responses, which indicates a low degree of understanding another's perspective. It suggests that the individual is not actively engaged in the conversation and is only pretending to listen or repeating what the other person is saying without truly comprehending it.
9.
More than just connecting with another person: instead utilizes the relationship a person has with another to delve deeper into that person's feelings. Offers insight, understanding and possible resolutions.
Correct Answer
D. Levels 4 and 5: Advanced Empathy
Explanation
This answer suggests that Levels 4 and 5, which are described as Advanced Empathy, go beyond just connecting with another person. Instead, they utilize the relationship to delve deeper into the person's feelings, offering insight, understanding, and possible resolutions. These levels of empathy indicate a higher level of understanding and empathy, surpassing the previous levels of being tuned out, repetition and pretend listening, and basic connection.
10.
Poor listening skills and refusal/inability to understand what others are saying.
Correct Answer
A. Level 1: Tuned Out
Explanation
The correct answer is Level 1: Tuned Out. This suggests that the person has poor listening skills and refuses or is unable to understand what others are saying. This means that they are not actively engaged in the conversation and may be distracted or disinterested.
11.
Makes a connection with another person that acknowledges what the person is feeling. Minimum level necessary to forge beneficial relationships and avoid/resolve conflict.
Correct Answer
C. Level 3: Connection
Explanation
Level 3: Connection is the minimum level necessary to forge beneficial relationships and avoid/resolve conflict because it involves making a connection with another person that acknowledges what the person is feeling. This level of listening goes beyond simply hearing the words being spoken and involves actively engaging with the speaker on an emotional level. By showing empathy and understanding, a connection is formed that helps to build trust and rapport with the other person. This level of listening is crucial for effective communication and building strong relationships.
12.
Which of the following are types of empathy? SELECT ALL THAT APPLY
Correct Answer(s)
B. Cognitive empathy
D. Affective empathy
Explanation
Cognitive empathy refers to the ability to understand and comprehend another person's perspective, thoughts, and feelings. It involves being able to put oneself in someone else's shoes and see the world from their point of view. Affective empathy, on the other hand, involves being able to share and experience the emotions of others. It is the ability to feel what someone else is feeling and to have a sense of emotional connection with them.
13.
Ability to understand another's perspective or mental state.
Correct Answer
B. Cognitive empathy
Explanation
Cognitive empathy refers to the ability to understand and comprehend another person's perspective or mental state. It involves being able to put oneself in someone else's shoes and understand their thoughts, feelings, and emotions. This type of empathy requires active listening and observation skills to accurately interpret and understand the other person's point of view. It allows individuals to have a deeper understanding of others and can help in building better relationships and effective communication.
14.
Ability to respond with an appropriate emotion to another's mental state.
Correct Answer
D. Affective empathy
Explanation
Affective empathy refers to the ability to respond with an appropriate emotion to another person's mental state. It involves understanding and sharing the feelings of others, allowing individuals to connect emotionally and show compassion towards others. This type of empathy enables individuals to not only recognize and understand the emotions of others but also respond to them in a sensitive and supportive manner.
15.
Empathy is defined as see, perceive, judge, and respond.
Correct Answer
B. False
Explanation
Empathy is defined as see, perceive, and respond. Judgement along with projection and sympathy is not empathy.
16.
What is the distance for intimate space?
Correct Answer
C. 1 inch to 18 inches
Explanation
Intimate space refers to the personal space that individuals feel comfortable having others in. This distance varies depending on cultural and personal factors. Generally, the distance for intimate space is considered to be between 1 inch to 18 inches. This range allows for close interactions with trusted individuals while still maintaining a sense of personal boundaries.
17.
What is the distance for personal space?
Correct Answer
D. 18 inches to 4 feet
Explanation
The correct answer is 18 inches to 4 feet. Personal space refers to the physical distance that individuals prefer to keep between themselves and others. This distance can vary depending on cultural norms and personal preferences. Generally, a comfortable distance for personal space ranges from 18 inches to 4 feet, allowing individuals to feel a sense of privacy and avoid feeling crowded.
18.
What is the distance for social space?
Correct Answer
A. 4 feet to 12 feet
Explanation
The correct answer is 4 feet to 12 feet. This range represents the recommended distance for social space, which is the distance individuals should maintain from each other to reduce the risk of spreading infectious diseases. Staying within this range allows for adequate physical distancing and minimizes the potential for close contact and transmission of viruses or germs.
19.
What is the distance for public space?
Correct Answer
B. Beyond 12 feet
20.
Verbal communication may supplement, substitute, repeat, reinforce, or contradict non-verbal communication.
Correct Answer
B. False
Explanation
Non-verbal communication may supplement, substitute, repeat, reinforce, or contradict verbal communication.
21.
Occurs when a person either deliberately or unconsciously conceals a feeling; very brief facial expressions.
Correct Answer
D. Microexpressions
Explanation
Microexpressions are very brief facial expressions that occur when a person either deliberately or unconsciously conceals a feeling. These expressions are often fleeting and can be difficult to detect, as they last for only a fraction of a second. Unlike macroexpressions, which are more easily noticeable and longer in duration, microexpressions provide subtle cues about a person's true emotions or intentions.
22.
Which of the following are components of empathy?
Correct Answer(s)
A. Facilitating
D. Perceiving
E. Responding
Explanation
Empathy is the ability to understand and share the feelings of others. The components of empathy include facilitating, perceiving, and responding. Facilitating refers to creating an environment where empathy can occur, such as actively listening and providing support. Perceiving involves recognizing and understanding the emotions and perspectives of others. Responding entails showing empathy through appropriate actions and expressions. Implementing and assessing are not components of empathy as they do not directly involve understanding and sharing the feelings of others.
23.
Which of the following are benefits to empathy? SELECT ALL THAT APPLY
Correct Answer(s)
A. Health outcomes
B. Satisfaction
D. Time and expense savings
E. Patient understanding
Explanation
Patient adherence rate, health outcomes, satisfaction, time and expense savings, and patient understanding.
24.
Which of the following are barriers to empathy? SELECT ALL THAT APPLY
Correct Answer(s)
A. Perceptions
D. Hot-cold empathy gap
Explanation
Perceptions and the hot-cold empathy gap are both barriers to empathy. Perceptions refer to the individual's own biases and preconceived notions that may hinder their ability to understand and empathize with others. The hot-cold empathy gap is the phenomenon where individuals struggle to empathize with others when they are in a different emotional state. Both of these barriers can prevent individuals from truly understanding and connecting with others on an empathetic level.
25.
Which of the following are steps to showing empathy? SELECT ALL THAT APPLY
Correct Answer(s)
B. Pausing to imagine how the person feels.
D. Legitimizing that feeling.
F. Offer support and partnership
Explanation
The steps to showing empathy include pausing to imagine how the person feels, legitimizing that feeling, and offering support and partnership. These steps involve taking the time to understand and acknowledge the emotions and experiences of others, and providing assistance and solidarity. Recognizing the presence of weak feelings, gathering other inputs and perception of the person's feeling, and disregarding the person's effort to cope with the predicament are not steps to showing empathy.
26.
Which of the following are benefits of patient counseling process? SELECT ALL THAT APPLY
Correct Answer(s)
A. Reduces errors in medication use
C. Reduces adverse drug reactions
E. Reduces healthcare costs
Explanation
The patient counseling process has several benefits. It helps reduce errors in medication use by ensuring that patients understand how to properly take their medications and avoid mistakes. It also reduces adverse drug reactions by providing patients with information about potential side effects and how to manage them. Additionally, the counseling process can help reduce healthcare costs by promoting medication adherence and preventing unnecessary hospitalizations or complications.
27.
In regards to the history of patient counseling, what happened in 1990? SELECT ALL THAT APPLY
Correct Answer(s)
C. Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act
F. Requirement to offer counseling to all Medicaid patients
Explanation
In 1990, the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act was implemented, which required pharmacists to offer counseling to all Medicaid patients. This act aimed to improve patient care and ensure that patients receive the necessary information about their medications. This requirement was significant in the history of patient counseling as it emphasized the importance of pharmacist involvement in patient education and counseling.
28.
In regards to the history of patient counseling, what happened in 1922-1969? SELECT ALL THAT APPLY
Correct Answer
A. Patient counseling by pharmacist prohibited
Explanation
From 1922-1969, patient counseling by pharmacists was prohibited. This means that during this time period, pharmacists were not allowed to provide counseling or education to patients regarding their medications or health conditions. This restriction may have been due to various reasons, such as legal regulations or professional standards at that time.
29.
In regards to the history of patient counseling, what happened in 1997? SELECT ALL THAT APPLY
Correct Answer(s)
B. ASHP Guidelines on Pharmacist Conducted Patient Education and Counseling
E. APhA Pharmacist Practice Activity Classification
Explanation
In 1997, two events occurred in the history of patient counseling. The ASHP (American Society of Health-System Pharmacists) released guidelines on pharmacist conducted patient education and counseling, which set standards and expectations for pharmacists in providing counseling to patients. Additionally, the APhA (American Pharmacists Association) introduced the Pharmacist Practice Activity Classification, which categorized different activities that pharmacists engage in, including patient counseling. These developments in 1997 aimed to improve the quality and consistency of patient counseling provided by pharmacists.
30.
According to Virginia Pharmacy Law: "A pharmacist shall offer to counsel any person who receives a refill of a prescription to the extent deemed appropriate by the pharmacist in his/her professional judgment."
Correct Answer
B. False
Explanation
A pharmacist MAY offer to counsel for refills....
31.
According to Virginia Pharmacy Law: "A pharmacist may offer to counsel any person who presents a new prescription for filling.
Correct Answer
B. False
Explanation
A pharmacist SHALL offer for new prescriptions...
32.
In regards to empathy, you should AVOID saying "______________."
Correct Answer
I understand
"I understand"
understand
"understand"
Explanation
In regards to empathy, saying "I understand" or "understand" can be seen as dismissive or invalidating to the person's feelings or experiences. It implies that you fully comprehend their situation when in reality, you may not truly understand the depth of their emotions or the complexity of their circumstances. It is important to show empathy by actively listening, validating their feelings, and offering support rather than assuming that you completely understand their perspective.
33.
In the four phases of patient counseling, which phase is the opening discussion?
Correct Answer
A. Phase 1
Explanation
Phase 1 is the opening discussion in the four phases of patient counseling. This phase involves establishing a rapport with the patient and creating a comfortable environment for open communication. It is the initial step where the healthcare provider introduces themselves, gathers necessary information about the patient's medical history, and sets the tone for the counseling session. This phase is crucial in building trust and understanding between the healthcare provider and the patient, laying the foundation for effective counseling.
34.
In the four phases of patient counseling, which phase is the closing discussion?
Correct Answer
D. Phase 4
Explanation
Phase 4 is the closing discussion phase in patient counseling. This phase occurs after the initial assessment, information gathering, and counseling process. During this phase, the healthcare professional summarizes the key points discussed, ensures that the patient understands the information provided, and addresses any remaining concerns or questions. The closing discussion phase allows for a final opportunity to reinforce important information, clarify any misunderstandings, and ensure that the patient feels supported and informed about their healthcare plan.
35.
In the four phases of patient counseling, which phase is the discussion to gather information?
Correct Answer
B. Phase 2
Explanation
Phase 2 is the phase where the discussion to gather information takes place. In this phase, the healthcare professional engages in a conversation with the patient to gather relevant information about their medical history, current symptoms, and any other necessary details. This information is crucial for the healthcare professional to assess the patient's condition accurately and provide appropriate care.
36.
In the four phases of patient counseling, which phase is the discussion to provide information?
Correct Answer
C. Phase 3
Explanation
Phase 3 is the phase in patient counseling where the discussion to provide information takes place. This phase involves the pharmacist or healthcare provider providing detailed information about the patient's medication, including its purpose, how to take it, potential side effects, and any other relevant information. This discussion aims to ensure that the patient has a clear understanding of their medication and can make informed decisions about their healthcare.
37.
Which of the following is false when opening a discussion in patient counseling?
Correct Answer
C. Start each component of the session by gathering information through open-ended questions
Explanation
When opening a discussion in patient counseling, it is important to start each component of the session by gathering information through open-ended questions. This is done to encourage the patient to provide detailed information and express their concerns or questions. By asking open-ended questions, the pharmacist can gather more comprehensive information and tailor their counseling accordingly. This approach helps to establish effective communication and ensures that the patient's needs are addressed adequately.
38.
Which of the following is false when dealing with patients with low health literacy?
Correct Answer
B. Use "yes" or "no" type of questions to gauge comprehension
Explanation
When dealing with patients with low health literacy, it is important to use open-ended questions rather than "yes" or "no" type of questions. Open-ended questions allow patients to provide more detailed responses and demonstrate their understanding of the information being conveyed. "Yes" or "no" type of questions may not accurately assess comprehension and may not provide enough information to identify any misunderstandings or gaps in knowledge.
39.
When dealing with a non-adherent patient, what should you NOT do?
Correct Answer
D. Be coercive, threatening, demeaning
Explanation
What should you do with non-adherent patients?
- individualize approach
- give clear instructions
- educate about indication
- ask about patient perceptions
- use tools for adherence
40.
When counseling a patients that may present challenges, all of the following are types of impairments EXCEPT
Correct Answer
E. All of the above are true
Explanation
The correct answer is "All of the above are true." This means that all of the options listed - hearing, speech, vision, and physical disabilities - are types of impairments that may present challenges when counseling patients.
41.
Most health information are written at a 10th grade level.
Correct Answer
B. False
Explanation
Most health information are written at a 12th grade level
42.
Describe the patient counseling process and its benefits. [note: Your answer may be graded incorrect because its doesn't match up with the listed correct answer word for word. Therefore grade yourself if you covered everything the question ask for.]
Correct Answer
Patient counseling is the process of exchange of drug related information between pharmacist and patient.
Benefits: enhance patient skills, knowledge, attitudes, and behavior.
Explanation
The patient counseling process involves the pharmacist providing drug-related information to the patient. This exchange of information aims to enhance the patient's skills, knowledge, attitudes, and behavior regarding their medication. By counseling patients, pharmacists can ensure that patients understand how to properly take their medications, potential side effects, and any necessary precautions. This process ultimately leads to improved patient outcomes and medication adherence.
43.
Curing is physically alleviating the signs and symptoms of disease at the anatomical level by the healthcare practitioner.
Correct Answer
A. True
Explanation
Curing refers to the process of physically alleviating the signs and symptoms of a disease at the anatomical level by a healthcare practitioner. This involves treating the underlying cause of the disease and providing relief from the symptoms. Therefore, the statement "Curing is physically alleviating the signs and symptoms of disease at the anatomical level by the healthcare practitioner" is true.
44.
Healing is a process leading to a greater sense of integrity and wholeness in response to an injury or disease that occurs within the patient.
Correct Answer
A. True
Explanation
Healing is a natural process that occurs within the body in response to an injury or disease. It involves various physiological and psychological mechanisms that work together to restore the body to a state of integrity and wholeness. This can include physical healing of tissues, as well as emotional and spiritual healing. Therefore, the statement that healing leads to a greater sense of integrity and wholeness in response to an injury or disease is true.
45.
What percentage of the U.S. population believes in God?
Correct Answer
E. 92%
Explanation
The given answer, 92%, suggests that a high percentage of the U.S. population believes in God. This indicates that belief in God is prevalent among the majority of Americans. It implies that religious beliefs and faith are deeply ingrained in American society, with a significant number of individuals identifying as believers in God.
46.
What percentage believe that spiritual health is as important as physical health?
Correct Answer
A. 94%
Explanation
The correct answer is 94%. This means that a majority of people believe that spiritual health is just as important as physical health. This suggests that individuals recognize the importance of taking care of their spiritual well-being in addition to their physical well-being. It highlights the growing awareness and importance placed on holistic health and the recognition that spiritual health plays a significant role in overall well-being.
47.
What percentage believe that physicians should consider their patient's spiritual needs as part of medical care?
Correct Answer
B. 77%
Explanation
77% of people believe that physicians should consider their patient's spiritual needs as part of medical care. This suggests that a significant majority of individuals value the inclusion of spiritual aspects in their healthcare. It highlights the importance of holistic care and the recognition that spirituality can play a role in a patient's overall well-being and healing process.
48.
What percentage want physicians to discuss their religious beliefs more?
Correct Answer
C. 37%
Explanation
37% of people want physicians to discuss their religious beliefs more.
49.
What percentage state that their physicians never or rarely discuss spiritual or religious beliefs with them?
Correct Answer
D. 80%
Explanation
80% of respondents state that their physicians never or rarely discuss spiritual or religious beliefs with them. This suggests that a significant majority of patients do not have these discussions with their doctors, indicating a potential gap in addressing the spiritual or religious needs of patients in healthcare settings. It highlights the importance of incorporating a holistic approach to patient care, considering not only physical but also spiritual aspects for a comprehensive healthcare experience.
50.
Which of the following is FALSE in regards to the negative impact spirituality can have on health outcomes?
Correct Answer
C. Continued need for further research overall
Explanation
Continued need for further research overall is a positive effect when talking about the impact spirituality can have on health outcomes.