Hydraulics Lab Reviewer-quiz For Finals

The height of the overshot weir determines the position of the jump. A jump occurs when the water flows over the weir and creates a separation between the water surface downstream and the weir crest. A small change in the height of the weir can greatly affect the position of the jump. Therefore, if the height of the overshot weir is 20 mm, it means that even a slight change in the height can cause a significant shift in the position of the jump, making it very sensitive.

A weir is a structure that is used to control the flow of water in rivers and canals. It is typically smaller than a conventional dam and is built across a river to raise the water level upstream or to divert water into a different channel. Weirs act as barriers to regulate the flow of water and are often used for irrigation, flood control, and water supply purposes.

This formula is used to determine the loss factor in a gate valve. A gate valve is a type of valve that uses a sliding gate to control the flow of fluid through a pipe or duct. The loss factor refers to the amount of pressure loss or energy loss that occurs when fluid flows through the valve. By using this formula, one can calculate the specific loss factor for a gate valve, which is important in determining the efficiency and performance of the valve in a given system.

The diameters of the pipes used in Experiment 2 are 5mm and then 7mm. This suggests that two different pipe sizes were used in the experiment, with the first pipe having a diameter of 5mm and the second pipe having a diameter of 7mm. The repetition of the numbers in the answer (5, 7, 5, 7) indicates that both pipe sizes were used multiple times in the experiment.

The correct answer is "differential manometer" because a manometer is a device used to measure pressure, and a differential manometer specifically measures the difference in pressure between two points. In Experiment 2, it is likely that a differential manometer was used to measure the pressure difference between two locations or substances.

The objective of Experiment 2 is to measure the loss of head and the friction factor in pipes. This means that the experiment aims to quantify the amount of energy lost due to friction as fluid flows through the pipes. The friction factor is a dimensionless quantity that represents the resistance to flow caused by the roughness of the pipe surface. By measuring the loss of head and the friction factor, researchers can better understand the efficiency and performance of the pipes being tested.

The title of Exp. 3 is "energy losses in bends and fittings".

The correct answer is "delivery." In this procedure, the flow is regulated by using a delivery valve and the outlet valve to achieve the minimum pressure differential between the ends of the pipe. The delivery valve helps control the flow rate and ensure that the pressure difference is kept at a minimum to maintain a steady and controlled flow of fluid through the pipe.

The title of Exp. 5 is "open channel flow behaviour" or "open channel flow behavior".

The correct answer includes multiple options: rectangular notch, triangular notch, rectangular, triangular, vee, and vee notch. These options likely refer to different types of notches used in Experiment 1. Notches are typically used in engineering and fluid mechanics to measure flow rates or liquid levels. Rectangular, triangular, and vee notches are commonly used designs for this purpose. Therefore, all the options provided are valid notches used in Experiment 1.

In one of the experimental procedures, the rectangular notch plate is mounted into the flow channel and the stilling baffle is positioned. The stilling baffle is used to create a calm and steady flow of water in the channel, preventing turbulence and ensuring accurate measurements of the flow rate through the notch plate.

In this experiment, the valve needs to be adjusted to give approximately 10 mm depth above the notch base. This means that the valve should be set in a way that there is a 10 mm distance between the top surface of the liquid and the base of the notch. This measurement is important as it helps ensure accurate and consistent results in the experiment.

In order to obtain an accurate height reading, the fine adjustment feature should be used to lower the gauge until the point touches its reflection in the surface. This ensures that the measurement is precise and eliminates any errors that may occur due to the gauge not being properly aligned with the surface. By using the fine adjustment, the user can carefully and precisely position the gauge to achieve the desired measurement.

In one of the experimental procedures, the volume flow rate is determined by using a ball valve to close the tank outflow. This allows the experimenter to control the flow of liquid and prevent any leakage. The volume collected from the sight-glass is then measured to determine the flow rate. The use of a ball valve is effective in providing a tight seal and ensuring accurate measurements.

In the experiment, the rectangular notch plate is replaced with a vee notch plate. The question asks for the height increments that need to be used when working with the vee notch. The answer options provided are "5, 6", "5 6", and "5 to 6". These options all indicate that the height increments for the vee notch should be between 5 and 6 mm.

The width of the rectangular notch in Experiment 1 is 0.03 meters.

The angle of the vee notch in Experiment 1 is 90 degrees.

The given correct answer includes two options: "vee" and "vee notch" as well as two other options: "triangular" and "triangular notch." The question is asking about the notch in which the discharge coefficient formula is used. The term "vee" and "vee notch" suggest that the formula is used in a V-shaped notch. Similarly, the terms "triangular" and "triangular notch" indicate that the formula is used in a triangular-shaped notch. Therefore, the correct answer is vee and vee notch, as well as triangular and triangular notch.

If the levels in the manometer are too high, using a hand pump can help pressurize the top manifold. This will cause all levels in the manometer to decrease simultaneously while still maintaining the appropriate differentials.

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If the levels in the manometers are too low, closing the outlet flow control valve will increase the static pressure in the system. This increase in pressure will cause all the levels in the manometers to rise simultaneously.

The title of Experiment 1 is "flow over weirs" because it is mentioned in the question that the title of Exp. 1 is "flow over weirs".

Frictional losses occur in pipes due to the movement of fluid elements relative to each other. This friction between the layers within the fluid causes a pressure drop.

All of the materials listed - glass, copper, brass, and polyethylene - have smooth walls. This means that the inner surface of the pipe made from any of these materials is free from any roughness or irregularities. Smooth walls in a pipe material are desirable as they allow for better flow of fluids and reduce friction, minimizing pressure loss and maximizing efficiency.

Concrete, cast iron, and steel are all examples of pipe materials with less smooth walls compared to other materials such as PVC or copper. These materials have rougher surfaces which can cause more friction and resistance to the flow of fluids within the pipe. This can result in increased energy consumption and reduced efficiency in fluid transportation. Additionally, the rough walls of these materials can also lead to a higher likelihood of sediment buildup and clogging over time.

The full name of Ma'am Jean is Jean Margaret R. Mercado.

The title of Exp. 2 is "friction losses in straight pipes" because this phrase accurately describes the topic or focus of the experiment. In this experiment, the researchers likely investigated the amount of friction that occurs in straight pipes and how it affects the flow of fluid or other substances. The title helps to provide a clear and concise summary of the experiment's purpose and subject matter.

The objective of Experiment 3 is to determine the loss factors for flow through a range of pipe fittings including bends, a contraction, and enlargement. A contraction in a pipe refers to a section where the diameter of the pipe decreases. By studying the loss factors in this type of fitting, researchers can understand how the flow of fluid is affected and make informed decisions about the design and efficiency of piping systems.

The correct answer is "pipework" because in the given procedure, the bench flow control valve is gradually opened to allow water to fill the pipework. This process helps to remove any trapped air in the pipework, ensuring that it is completely filled with water and there are no air pockets.

In one of the experimental procedures, the instruction is to open the air bleed screw slightly to allow air to enter the top of the manometers. This is done to ensure that the manometer levels reach a convenient height. Once the desired height is reached, the screw should be re-tightened to maintain the levels. The term "air bleed" refers to the screw used to control the flow of air in this process.

The full name of our CE department chair is Rodelio A. Tiburcio.

The correct answer for this question is "broad-crested weir, broad-crested, broad crested weir, broad crested." This suggests that the weir used in Test B of Experiment 5 is a broad-crested weir. The term "broad-crested" refers to the shape of the weir, which has a wide crest or top. This type of weir is commonly used in hydraulic engineering to measure the flow rate of water in open channels.

Weirs are commonly used to alter the flow regime of a river, prevent flooding, measure discharge, and help render a river navigable. They are structures built across a river to control the water flow and create a desired water level. Weirs can be used to regulate the flow of water, divert it to different channels, or control the amount of water passing through a specific area. Additionally, weirs can also be used to measure the discharge of water in a river and make it easier for boats and ships to navigate through the river.

Label No. 12 refers to a flow control valve. This valve is used to regulate the flow rate of a fluid in a system. It allows the user to control the speed at which the fluid moves through the valve, thus controlling the flow rate. This can be useful in various applications where precise control over the flow of fluid is required, such as in hydraulic systems or irrigation systems. The flow control valve typically consists of a valve body, a control mechanism, and an actuator to adjust the valve opening.

The correct answer for this question is "sharp-crested weir" or any variation of it. A sharp-crested weir is a type of weir that has a thin, sharp edge at the crest, which allows for accurate measurement of the flow rate of water. It is commonly used in experimental tests to determine the flow characteristics of water in different conditions.

The label No. 1 refers to the air bleed screw. This screw is used to control the amount of air mixed with the fuel in a combustion engine. By adjusting the air bleed screw, the air-to-fuel ratio can be optimized for better engine performance and fuel efficiency.

The undershot and overshot weirs are adjusted having the sharp-crested weir in the channel base to create supercritical (fast) and sub-critical (slow) flows over the weir.

In order to determine the volume flow rate in Exp. 3, a timed volume collection should be carried out using a volumetric tank. This is because a volumetric tank is specifically designed to accurately measure the volume of fluid that passes through it. By collecting the fluid in the volumetric tank over a specific period of time, the volume flow rate can be calculated by dividing the volume collected by the time taken.

The Bernoulli's equation includes three energies: potential energy, pressure energy, and kinetic energy. These three energies are important in understanding the fluid flow and its behavior. Potential energy refers to the energy associated with the height of the fluid above a reference point. Pressure energy is the energy associated with the pressure exerted by the fluid. Kinetic energy is the energy associated with the motion of the fluid particles. All three energies play a role in determining the overall energy balance in fluid flow.

The full name of Ma'am Katie is Kathleen Jane C. Libnao.

The title of Exp. 4 is "energy losses across a gate valve" because the experiment focuses on studying the amount of energy lost across a gate valve. The title accurately describes the main objective and subject of the experiment.

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In Experiment 5 Test B and C, the suggested height of the undershot weir should be maximum. This means that the height of the weir should be as high as possible in order to achieve the desired outcome or result. A higher weir height can help in increasing the flow rate and efficiency of the weir, allowing for better measurement and control of water flow.

The correct answer is "differential pressure gauge" or "differential pressure gage." These terms refer to a device used to measure the difference in pressure between two points in a fluid system. It is commonly used in industrial applications to monitor and control pressure differentials in pipelines, filters, and pumps. The terms "gauge" and "gage" are interchangeable and both refer to the same type of instrument.

In Exp. 1, a vernier height gauge is used to measure the datum height of the base of the notch. This instrument is positioned the opposite way around, meaning it is turned or flipped in the opposite direction for accurate measurement. Similarly, a height gauge or a vernier height gage can also be used for the same purpose, with the same positioning requirement.

In one of the experimental procedures, it is important to check that all manometer levels are on scale at the maximum volume flow rate required, which is approximately 17 liters/minute. This ensures that the manometers are accurately measuring the pressure and providing reliable data for the experiment.

In Experiment 3, one of the changes observed could be the enlargement or contraction of the area or fittings of pipes. This means that the size of the pipes or fittings may have increased or decreased. This change in size could have been measured and observed during the experiment, indicating the occurrence of enlargement or contraction.

The correct answer is "undershot, overshot weir". By adjusting the undershot and overshot weirs in Test A Exp. 5, we can demonstrate the discharge beneath a sluice gate, a hydraulic jump, and drowning of a sluice gate.

The air bleed screw is responsible for controlling the air flow through the air valve. In order to use the hand pump effectively, the screw must be open to allow air to pass through.

The apparatus used for observing open-channel flow behavior in Exp. 5 was a flow visualization channel. This channel allowed researchers to observe and study the flow of water in an open channel, providing a visual representation of the flow behavior. By using this apparatus, researchers could analyze and understand the characteristics and patterns of open-channel flow.