Hydraulics Lab Reviewer-quiz For Finals
1. For questions having 2 or more answers, please use "comma-space" for separating each answers
Example: stable, unstable
2. Answers are "space" and "dash" sensitive.
3. Wrong spelling and incomplete answers are wrong.
Questions and Answers
- 1.
In most cases, weirs take the form of a ______, smaller than most conventional dams,
Explanation
A weir is a structure that is used to control the flow of water in rivers and canals. It is typically smaller than a conventional dam and is built across a river to raise the water level upstream or to divert water into a different channel. Weirs act as barriers to regulate the flow of water and are often used for irrigation, flood control, and water supply purposes.Rate this question:
- 2.
They are commonly used to alter the flow regime of the river, prevent flooding, measure discharge and help render a river navigable.
Explanation
Weirs are commonly used to alter the flow regime of a river, prevent flooding, measure discharge, and help render a river navigable. They are structures built across a river to control the water flow and create a desired water level. Weirs can be used to regulate the flow of water, divert it to different channels, or control the amount of water passing through a specific area. Additionally, weirs can also be used to measure the discharge of water in a river and make it easier for boats and ships to navigate through the river.Rate this question:
- 3.
Give one of the notches used in Exp. 1.
Explanation
The correct answer includes multiple options: rectangular notch, triangular notch, rectangular, triangular, vee, and vee notch. These options likely refer to different types of notches used in Experiment 1. Notches are typically used in engineering and fluid mechanics to measure flow rates or liquid levels. Rectangular, triangular, and vee notches are commonly used designs for this purpose. Therefore, all the options provided are valid notches used in Experiment 1.Rate this question:
- 4.
In one of the Exp.1 procedures:Mount the rectangular notch plate into the flow channel and position the stilling _______.
Explanation
In one of the experimental procedures, the rectangular notch plate is mounted into the flow channel and the stilling baffle is positioned. The stilling baffle is used to create a calm and steady flow of water in the channel, preventing turbulence and ensuring accurate measurements of the flow rate through the notch plate.Rate this question:
- 5.
In one of the Exp.1 procedures:Adjust the valve to give approximately ___ mm depth above the notch base.
Explanation
In this experiment, the valve needs to be adjusted to give approximately 10 mm depth above the notch base. This means that the valve should be set in a way that there is a 10 mm distance between the top surface of the liquid and the base of the notch. This measurement is important as it helps ensure accurate and consistent results in the experiment.Rate this question:
- 6.
In one of the Exp.1 procedures:To take an accurate height reading, use the ______________ to lower the gauge until the point touches its reflection in the surface (to achieve this, you will need to have your eye level just above the surface).
Explanation
In order to obtain an accurate height reading, the fine adjustment feature should be used to lower the gauge until the point touches its reflection in the surface. This ensures that the measurement is precise and eliminates any errors that may occur due to the gauge not being properly aligned with the surface. By using the fine adjustment, the user can carefully and precisely position the gauge to achieve the desired measurement.Rate this question:
- 7.
In one of the Exp.1 procedures:Volume flow rate is done by using the ______ valve to close the tank outflow and then determine the volume collected from the sight-glass.
Explanation
In one of the experimental procedures, the volume flow rate is determined by using a ball valve to close the tank outflow. This allows the experimenter to control the flow of liquid and prevent any leakage. The volume collected from the sight-glass is then measured to determine the flow rate. The use of a ball valve is effective in providing a tight seal and ensuring accurate measurements.Rate this question:
- 8.
After using the rectangular notch in Exp.1, it is replaced by a vee notch plate and repeat the procedures. In the vee notch, you will need to work with height increments of _ to _ mm.
Explanation
In the experiment, the rectangular notch plate is replaced with a vee notch plate. The question asks for the height increments that need to be used when working with the vee notch. The answer options provided are "5, 6", "5 6", and "5 to 6". These options all indicate that the height increments for the vee notch should be between 5 and 6 mm.Rate this question:
- 9.
What is the width (meters) of the rectangular notch in Exp. 1?
Explanation
The width of the rectangular notch in Experiment 1 is 0.03 meters.Rate this question:
- 10.
What is the angle of vee notch in Exp. 1?
Explanation
The angle of the vee notch in Experiment 1 is 90 degrees.Rate this question:
- 11.
This discharge coefficient formula is used in what notch?
Explanation
The given correct answer includes two options: "vee" and "vee notch" as well as two other options: "triangular" and "triangular notch." The question is asking about the notch in which the discharge coefficient formula is used. The term "vee" and "vee notch" suggest that the formula is used in a V-shaped notch. Similarly, the terms "triangular" and "triangular notch" indicate that the formula is used in a triangular-shaped notch. Therefore, the correct answer is vee and vee notch, as well as triangular and triangular notch.Rate this question:
- 12.
The procedure in Exp.1 is repeated having opened the bench valve further, to produce an increase in depth of approximately 10 mm.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
The statement is true because increasing the opening of the bench valve will allow more fluid to flow, resulting in an increase in depth. Since the procedure in Exp.1 is repeated with a further opening of the valve, it is expected that the depth will increase by approximately 10 mm.Rate this question:
-
- 13.
As water flow is being increased in Exp.1, spillage should occur over the plate top adjacent to the notch.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
The statement is false because as water flow is increased in Exp.1, spillage should not occur over the plate top adjacent to the notch.Rate this question:
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- 14.
This discharge coefficient formula is used in what notch?
Correct Answer
rectangular
rectangular notchExplanation
The given correct answer suggests that the discharge coefficient formula is used in a rectangular notch. A rectangular notch is a type of flow measuring device used in open channel hydraulics. It consists of a rectangular-shaped opening through which water flows. The discharge coefficient formula is used to calculate the discharge or flow rate through the rectangular notch based on the dimensions of the notch and the head of water above it.Rate this question:
- 15.
What is the title of Exp. 1?
Correct Answer
flow over weirsExplanation
The title of Experiment 1 is "flow over weirs" because it is mentioned in the question that the title of Exp. 1 is "flow over weirs".Rate this question:
- 16.
In pipes, friction will occur between the layers within the fluid. This movement of fluid elements relative to each other is associated with pressure drop, called _________ losses.
Correct Answer
frictionalExplanation
Frictional losses occur in pipes due to the movement of fluid elements relative to each other. This friction between the layers within the fluid causes a pressure drop.Rate this question:
- 17.
Give an example of a pipe material with smooth walls.
Correct Answer
glass
copper
brass
polyethyleneExplanation
All of the materials listed - glass, copper, brass, and polyethylene - have smooth walls. This means that the inner surface of the pipe made from any of these materials is free from any roughness or irregularities. Smooth walls in a pipe material are desirable as they allow for better flow of fluids and reduce friction, minimizing pressure loss and maximizing efficiency.Rate this question:
- 18.
Give an example of a pipe material with LESS smooth walls.
Correct Answer
concrete
cast iron
steelExplanation
Concrete, cast iron, and steel are all examples of pipe materials with less smooth walls compared to other materials such as PVC or copper. These materials have rougher surfaces which can cause more friction and resistance to the flow of fluids within the pipe. This can result in increased energy consumption and reduced efficiency in fluid transportation. Additionally, the rough walls of these materials can also lead to a higher likelihood of sediment buildup and clogging over time.Rate this question:
- 19.
The velocity profile in a pipe will show that the fluid elements in the center of the pipe will move at a higher speed than those closer to the wall.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
The velocity profile in a pipe is typically parabolic, with the highest velocity occurring at the center of the pipe and decreasing towards the walls. This is due to the friction between the fluid and the pipe walls, which slows down the fluid near the walls. As a result, the fluid elements in the center of the pipe will move at a higher speed than those closer to the wall.Rate this question:
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- 20.
The diameters of pipe used in Exp. 2 are __mm and then __mm.
Correct Answer
5, 7
5 7Explanation
The diameters of the pipes used in Experiment 2 are 5mm and then 7mm. This suggests that two different pipe sizes were used in the experiment, with the first pipe having a diameter of 5mm and the second pipe having a diameter of 7mm. The repetition of the numbers in the answer (5, 7, 5, 7) indicates that both pipe sizes were used multiple times in the experiment.Rate this question:
- 21.
The manometer used in Exp. 2.
Correct Answer
differential
differential manometerExplanation
The correct answer is "differential manometer" because a manometer is a device used to measure pressure, and a differential manometer specifically measures the difference in pressure between two points. In Experiment 2, it is likely that a differential manometer was used to measure the pressure difference between two locations or substances.Rate this question:
- 22.
The objective of Exp. 2 is to measure the loss of head and the _______ factor in pipes.
Correct Answer
frictionExplanation
The objective of Experiment 2 is to measure the loss of head and the friction factor in pipes. This means that the experiment aims to quantify the amount of energy lost due to friction as fluid flows through the pipes. The friction factor is a dimensionless quantity that represents the resistance to flow caused by the roughness of the pipe surface. By measuring the loss of head and the friction factor, researchers can better understand the efficiency and performance of the pipes being tested.Rate this question:
- 23.
In one of the procedures in Exp. 2:Regulate the flow by using ________ valve and the outlet valve to procedure the minimum pressure differential between the ends of pipe.
Correct Answer
deliveryExplanation
The correct answer is "delivery." In this procedure, the flow is regulated by using a delivery valve and the outlet valve to achieve the minimum pressure differential between the ends of the pipe. The delivery valve helps control the flow rate and ensure that the pressure difference is kept at a minimum to maintain a steady and controlled flow of fluid through the pipe.Rate this question:
- 24.
What is the title of Exp. 2?
Correct Answer
friction losses in straight pipesExplanation
The title of Exp. 2 is "friction losses in straight pipes" because this phrase accurately describes the topic or focus of the experiment. In this experiment, the researchers likely investigated the amount of friction that occurs in straight pipes and how it affects the flow of fluid or other substances. The title helps to provide a clear and concise summary of the experiment's purpose and subject matter.Rate this question:
- 25.
The objective of Exp. 3 is to determine the loss factors for flow through a range of pipe fittings including bends, a __________, and enlargement.
Correct Answer
contractionExplanation
The objective of Experiment 3 is to determine the loss factors for flow through a range of pipe fittings including bends, a contraction, and enlargement. A contraction in a pipe refers to a section where the diameter of the pipe decreases. By studying the loss factors in this type of fitting, researchers can understand how the flow of fluid is affected and make informed decisions about the design and efficiency of piping systems.Rate this question:
- 26.
In one of the Exp. 3 procedures:Gradually open the bench flow control valve and allow the _________ to fill with water until all air has been expelled.
Correct Answer
pipeworkExplanation
The correct answer is "pipework" because in the given procedure, the bench flow control valve is gradually opened to allow water to fill the pipework. This process helps to remove any trapped air in the pipework, ensuring that it is completely filled with water and there are no air pockets.Rate this question:
- 27.
In one of the Exp. 3 procedures:Open the ________ screw slightly to allow air to enter the top of the manometers, re-tighten the screw when the manometer levels reach a convenient height.
Correct Answer
air bleedExplanation
In one of the experimental procedures, the instruction is to open the air bleed screw slightly to allow air to enter the top of the manometers. This is done to ensure that the manometer levels reach a convenient height. Once the desired height is reached, the screw should be re-tightened to maintain the levels. The term "air bleed" refers to the screw used to control the flow of air in this process.Rate this question:
- 28.
In one of the Exp. 3 procedures:Check that all manometer levels are on scale at the maximum volume flow rate required (approximately ___ liters/minute).
Correct Answer
17Explanation
In one of the experimental procedures, it is important to check that all manometer levels are on scale at the maximum volume flow rate required, which is approximately 17 liters/minute. This ensures that the manometers are accurately measuring the pressure and providing reliable data for the experiment.Rate this question:
- 29.
The ____________ controls the air flow through the air valve, so when using the hand pump, the screw must be open.
Correct Answer
air bleed screwExplanation
The air bleed screw is responsible for controlling the air flow through the air valve. In order to use the hand pump effectively, the screw must be open to allow air to pass through.Rate this question:
- 30.
In Exp. 3, if the levels in the manometer are too high, then the _________ can be used to pressurize the top manifold and all levels will decrease simultaneously but retain the appropriate differentials.
Correct Answer
hand pumpExplanation
If the levels in the manometer are too high, using a hand pump can help pressurize the top manifold. This will cause all levels in the manometer to decrease simultaneously while still maintaining the appropriate differentials.Rate this question:
- 31.
In Exp. 3, if the levels in manometers are too low, the ____________ valve can be closed to raise the static pressure in the system, which will raise all levels simultaneously.
Correct Answer
outlet flow controlExplanation
If the levels in the manometers are too low, closing the outlet flow control valve will increase the static pressure in the system. This increase in pressure will cause all the levels in the manometers to rise simultaneously.Rate this question:
- 32.
In Exp. 3, in order to determine the volume flow rate, you should carry out a timed volume collection using the ____________.
Correct Answer
volumetric tankExplanation
In order to determine the volume flow rate in Exp. 3, a timed volume collection should be carried out using a volumetric tank. This is because a volumetric tank is specifically designed to accurately measure the volume of fluid that passes through it. By collecting the fluid in the volumetric tank over a specific period of time, the volume flow rate can be calculated by dividing the volume collected by the time taken.Rate this question:
- 33.
What is this apparatus?
Correct Answer
energy-loss apparatus - 34.
Give one of the change of area or fittings of pipes in Exp. 3.
Correct Answer
enlargement
contractionExplanation
In Experiment 3, one of the changes observed could be the enlargement or contraction of the area or fittings of pipes. This means that the size of the pipes or fittings may have increased or decreased. This change in size could have been measured and observed during the experiment, indicating the occurrence of enlargement or contraction.Rate this question:
- 35.
Give one of the bends in pipes in Exp. 3.
Correct Answer
long bend
short bend
elbow bend
mitre bendExplanation
The correct answer is all of the options provided: long bend, short bend, elbow bend, and mitre bend. These are all different types of bends that can be found in pipes. A long bend refers to a gradual curve in the pipe, while a short bend is a sharper curve. An elbow bend is a 90-degree angle bend, and a mitre bend is a bend with an angle other than 90 degrees.Rate this question:
- 36.
What is the title of Exp. 3?
Correct Answer
energy losses in bends and fittingsExplanation
The title of Exp. 3 is "energy losses in bends and fittings".Rate this question:
- 37.
The three (3) number of turns used in Exp. 4. (In sequence and in 2 dec. places)
Correct Answer
0.75 1.00 1.25
0.75, 1.00, 1.25
0.75, 1.00, 1.25
0.75, 1.00, 1.25 - 38.
This formula is used to determine the loss factor in a _________.
Correct Answer
gate valveExplanation
This formula is used to determine the loss factor in a gate valve. A gate valve is a type of valve that uses a sliding gate to control the flow of fluid through a pipe or duct. The loss factor refers to the amount of pressure loss or energy loss that occurs when fluid flows through the valve. By using this formula, one can calculate the specific loss factor for a gate valve, which is important in determining the efficiency and performance of the valve in a given system.Rate this question:
- 39.
What is the title of Exp. 4?
Correct Answer
energy losses across a gate valveExplanation
The title of Exp. 4 is "energy losses across a gate valve" because the experiment focuses on studying the amount of energy lost across a gate valve. The title accurately describes the main objective and subject of the experiment.Rate this question:
- 40.
By adjustment of the _________ and __________ in Test A Exp. 5, we can demonstrate the discharge beneath a sluice gate, a hydraulic jump, and drowning of a sluice gate.
Correct Answer
undershot, overshot
undershot weir, overshot weir
overshot, undershot
overshot weir, undershot weirExplanation
The correct answer is "undershot, overshot weir". By adjusting the undershot and overshot weirs in Test A Exp. 5, we can demonstrate the discharge beneath a sluice gate, a hydraulic jump, and drowning of a sluice gate.Rate this question:
- 41.
The weir used in Test B of Exp. 5.
Correct Answer
broad-crested weir
broad-crested
broad crested weir
broad crestedExplanation
The correct answer for this question is "broad-crested weir, broad-crested, broad crested weir, broad crested." This suggests that the weir used in Test B of Experiment 5 is a broad-crested weir. The term "broad-crested" refers to the shape of the weir, which has a wide crest or top. This type of weir is commonly used in hydraulic engineering to measure the flow rate of water in open channels.Rate this question:
- 42.
The weir used in Test C of Exp. 5.
Correct Answer
sharp-crested weir
sharp-crested
sharp crested weir
sharp crestedExplanation
The correct answer for this question is "sharp-crested weir" or any variation of it. A sharp-crested weir is a type of weir that has a thin, sharp edge at the crest, which allows for accurate measurement of the flow rate of water. It is commonly used in experimental tests to determine the flow characteristics of water in different conditions.Rate this question:
- 43.
The undershot and overshot weirs are adjusted having the sharp-crested weir in the channel base to create __________ (fast) and ___________ (slow) flows over the weir.
Correct Answer
supercritical, sub-critical
supercritical sub-critical
supercritical, subcritical
supercritical subcriticalExplanation
The undershot and overshot weirs are adjusted having the sharp-crested weir in the channel base to create supercritical (fast) and sub-critical (slow) flows over the weir.Rate this question:
- 44.
In Exp. 5 Test B and C, the suggested height of the undershot weir should be _________.
Correct Answer
maximumExplanation
In Experiment 5 Test B and C, the suggested height of the undershot weir should be maximum. This means that the height of the weir should be as high as possible in order to achieve the desired outcome or result. A higher weir height can help in increasing the flow rate and efficiency of the weir, allowing for better measurement and control of water flow.Rate this question:
- 45.
What was the apparatus used for observing open-channel flow behaviour in Exp. 5?
Correct Answer
flow visualisation channel
flow visualization channelExplanation
The apparatus used for observing open-channel flow behavior in Exp. 5 was a flow visualization channel. This channel allowed researchers to observe and study the flow of water in an open channel, providing a visual representation of the flow behavior. By using this apparatus, researchers could analyze and understand the characteristics and patterns of open-channel flow.Rate this question:
- 46.
In Exp. 5 Test A, if the height of the overshot weir is ___ mm, the jump position is very sensitive.
Correct Answer
20Explanation
The height of the overshot weir determines the position of the jump. A jump occurs when the water flows over the weir and creates a separation between the water surface downstream and the weir crest. A small change in the height of the weir can greatly affect the position of the jump. Therefore, if the height of the overshot weir is 20 mm, it means that even a slight change in the height can cause a significant shift in the position of the jump, making it very sensitive.Rate this question:
- 47.
What is the title of Exp. 5?
Correct Answer
open channel flow behaviour
open channel flow behaviorExplanation
The title of Exp. 5 is "open channel flow behaviour" or "open channel flow behavior".Rate this question:
- 48.
What are the three (3) energies in the bernoulli's equation? (From datum upwards)
Correct Answer
potential, pressure, kinetic
potential pressure kinetic
potential energy, pressure energy, kinetic energyExplanation
The Bernoulli's equation includes three energies: potential energy, pressure energy, and kinetic energy. These three energies are important in understanding the fluid flow and its behavior. Potential energy refers to the energy associated with the height of the fluid above a reference point. Pressure energy is the energy associated with the pressure exerted by the fluid. Kinetic energy is the energy associated with the motion of the fluid particles. All three energies play a role in determining the overall energy balance in fluid flow.Rate this question:
- 49.
What is the full name of Ma'am Jean?
Correct Answer
Jean Margaret R. MercadoExplanation
The full name of Ma'am Jean is Jean Margaret R. Mercado.Rate this question:
- 50.
What is the full name of Ma'am Katie?
Correct Answer
Kathleen Jane C. LibnaoExplanation
The full name of Ma'am Katie is Kathleen Jane C. Libnao.Rate this question:
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