Diabetes Type 2 Quiz

1. Select the most accurate answer that describes a person with high risk factors for Type 2 Diabetes.

Smoker, BMI

Obesity, hypertension, smoker and works at a computer all day & is 52 years old.

BMI>30, eats cardiac diet, trains for half marathons but exercising 6 days a week, 60+ minutes each time.

Hypertension, normal cholesterol panel, exercises 4 times a week, mid twenties and drinks/smokes socially.

The person described in this answer has multiple risk factors for Type 2 Diabetes. Obesity and hypertension are both known risk factors for the development of the disease. Smoking has also been linked to an increased risk of Type 2 Diabetes. Additionally, working at a computer all day may indicate a sedentary lifestyle, which is another risk factor for the disease. The fact that the person is 52 years old further increases their risk, as age is also a factor in developing Type 2 Diabetes.

Explanation

The person described in this answer has multiple risk factors for Type 2 Diabetes. Obesity and hypertension are both known risk factors for the development of the disease. Smoking has also been linked to an increased risk of Type 2 Diabetes. Additionally, working at a computer all day may indicate a sedentary lifestyle, which is another risk factor for the disease. The fact that the person is 52 years old further increases their risk, as age is also a factor in developing Type 2 Diabetes.

2. What blood sugar readings and hemaglobin A1C would reflect a type 2 Diabetic?

Fasting blood sugar of 74 and HbA1C of 4.0

Blood sugar 2 hours after eating of 110 and HbA1C of 5.7

Fasting blood sugar of 145 and HbA1C of 7.8

Blood sugar before a meal of 89 and HbA1C of 5.0

A fasting blood sugar level of 145 and HbA1C level of 7.8 indicate high blood sugar levels and poor glucose control, which are characteristic of type 2 diabetes. The fasting blood sugar level is above the normal range (70-100 mg/dL) and the HbA1C level is above the target range (less than 7%) for individuals with diabetes. This suggests that the individual is not effectively managing their blood sugar levels and may require intervention or adjustments to their treatment plan.

Explanation

A fasting blood sugar level of 145 and HbA1C level of 7.8 indicate high blood sugar levels and poor glucose control, which are characteristic of type 2 diabetes. The fasting blood sugar level is above the normal range (70-100 mg/dL) and the HbA1C level is above the target range (less than 7%) for individuals with diabetes. This suggests that the individual is not effectively managing their blood sugar levels and may require intervention or adjustments to their treatment plan.

3. A diabetic patient who has had well managed blood sugars over the past year and is taking glipizide and metformin BID. She has reported numbness and burning in her toes and the bottoms of her feet. This is probably:

Peripheral vascular disease

Edema

Peripheral neuropathy

Multiple schlerosis

The patient's symptoms of numbness and burning in the toes and feet are indicative of peripheral neuropathy. Peripheral neuropathy is a common complication of diabetes and is caused by damage to the nerves in the peripheral nervous system. It often presents with symptoms such as numbness, tingling, and burning sensations in the hands and feet. The fact that the patient has well-managed blood sugars and is taking glipizide and metformin suggests that the neuropathy is likely related to their diabetes.

Explanation

The patient's symptoms of numbness and burning in the toes and feet are indicative of peripheral neuropathy. Peripheral neuropathy is a common complication of diabetes and is caused by damage to the nerves in the peripheral nervous system. It often presents with symptoms such as numbness, tingling, and burning sensations in the hands and feet. The fact that the patient has well-managed blood sugars and is taking glipizide and metformin suggests that the neuropathy is likely related to their diabetes.

4. Which response by a diabetic patient would indicate to the nurse that further education is needed?

I take my metformin before breakfast and dinner

I try to follow a low fat, salt and carbohydrate diet but I love to have sweets once in a while.

I check my blood sugars before every meal so I know how much novolog I need from my sliding scale.

I cannot give up my bread and pasta and since I don't like how lantus makes me feel, I only take it when I know I will be home for the night.

The response indicates that the patient is not following the prescribed treatment plan properly. They are not taking their medication consistently and are not making necessary dietary changes. This indicates a lack of understanding or commitment to managing their diabetes effectively, and further education is needed to address these issues.

Explanation

The response indicates that the patient is not following the prescribed treatment plan properly. They are not taking their medication consistently and are not making necessary dietary changes. This indicates a lack of understanding or commitment to managing their diabetes effectively, and further education is needed to address these issues.

5. A diabetic patient is asked to demonstrate the proper plate planning for a supper following the education session that was offered by the nurse. The patient pulls out a 12 inch plate and proceeds to tell the nurse that he will fill the plate ½ full of vegetables, ¼ full of protein and ¼ full of starches. Which part of this teaching needs further evaluation?

1. The patient thought ¼ of the plate should be protein.

2. The patient thought ¼ of the plate should be starches.

3. The patient thought ½ of the plate should be vegetables.

4. The patient used a 12 inch plate.

The patient used a 12 inch plate. This needs further evaluation because the size of the plate can affect portion control and the amount of food consumed. In diabetes management, it is important to control portion sizes to regulate blood sugar levels. Using a smaller plate, such as a 9-inch plate, can help with portion control and prevent overeating. Therefore, the patient's choice of a 12-inch plate may not be appropriate for proper plate planning in managing diabetes.

Explanation

The patient used a 12 inch plate. This needs further evaluation because the size of the plate can affect portion control and the amount of food consumed. In diabetes management, it is important to control portion sizes to regulate blood sugar levels. Using a smaller plate, such as a 9-inch plate, can help with portion control and prevent overeating. Therefore, the patient's choice of a 12-inch plate may not be appropriate for proper plate planning in managing diabetes.

6. A nurse just came into the room of a 43 year old, male patient as response to the call bell being pushed. The patient requests to go to the bathroom. The patient's primary diagnosis is diabetes. The patient is very confused, lethargic and in a cold sweat. What is the first action the nurse should perform?

1. Go find a glucometer and monitor the patient’s blood sugar.

2. Perform a complete head to toe assessment on the patient.

3. Ask the nursing assistant to help the patient to the bathroom.

4. Get the patient orange juice, and then monitor the patient’s blood sugar while the patient is drinking the orange juice.

The correct answer is to get the patient orange juice and then monitor their blood sugar while they are drinking it. The patient's confusion, lethargy, and cold sweat are symptoms of hypoglycemia, which can be caused by low blood sugar levels in a patient with diabetes. Giving the patient orange juice, which contains sugar, can help raise their blood sugar levels quickly. Monitoring their blood sugar while they are drinking the orange juice will allow the nurse to assess the effectiveness of the intervention.

Explanation

The correct answer is to get the patient orange juice and then monitor their blood sugar while they are drinking it. The patient's confusion, lethargy, and cold sweat are symptoms of hypoglycemia, which can be caused by low blood sugar levels in a patient with diabetes. Giving the patient orange juice, which contains sugar, can help raise their blood sugar levels quickly. Monitoring their blood sugar while they are drinking the orange juice will allow the nurse to assess the effectiveness of the intervention.

7. What answer best reflects symptoms of diabetes?

Numbness and tingling in feet, high energy and increase appetite

Polyuria, night sweats and insomnia

Blurred vision, open areas on foot that don't cause pain, & cotton mouth

Normal vision, muscle spasms at night and frequent urination.

Blurred vision, open areas on foot that don't cause pain, and cotton mouth are common symptoms of diabetes. Blurred vision can occur due to high blood sugar levels affecting the lens of the eye. Open areas on the foot that don't cause pain can indicate poor circulation and nerve damage, which are common complications of diabetes. Cotton mouth, or dry mouth, can be a result of high blood sugar levels causing dehydration. These symptoms, along with others, should be evaluated by a healthcare professional for a proper diagnosis and treatment of diabetes.

Explanation

Blurred vision, open areas on foot that don't cause pain, and cotton mouth are common symptoms of diabetes. Blurred vision can occur due to high blood sugar levels affecting the lens of the eye. Open areas on the foot that don't cause pain can indicate poor circulation and nerve damage, which are common complications of diabetes. Cotton mouth, or dry mouth, can be a result of high blood sugar levels causing dehydration. These symptoms, along with others, should be evaluated by a healthcare professional for a proper diagnosis and treatment of diabetes.

8. A nurse walks into a patient's room and observes the diabetic patient trimming his toenails with a pair of clippers. What should the nurse do?

1. Assist the patient with the trimming of the toenails.

2. Instruct the patient to stop, and then offer further instruction on diabetic management.

1. Instruct the patient to stop, and then offer further instruction on diabetic management.

4. Assist the patient to cleanse the toenails to prevent future infections of the feet.

The nurse should instruct the patient to stop trimming his toenails and then offer further instruction on diabetic management. Diabetic patients are at a higher risk for foot complications, such as infections and poor wound healing. Trimming toenails can potentially cause injuries that can lead to infections. Therefore, it is important for the nurse to educate the patient on proper foot care and the importance of seeking professional help for nail trimming to prevent complications.

Explanation

The nurse should instruct the patient to stop trimming his toenails and then offer further instruction on diabetic management. Diabetic patients are at a higher risk for foot complications, such as infections and poor wound healing. Trimming toenails can potentially cause injuries that can lead to infections. Therefore, it is important for the nurse to educate the patient on proper foot care and the importance of seeking professional help for nail trimming to prevent complications.

9. A nurse would assess what data when working with a diabetic patient. Select all that apply.

Recorded blood sugars that patient records at home

Diet that includes a daily journal of patient's food intake

BMI

Hemaglobin A1C, fasting serum blood sugar and complete lipid panel

The nurse would assess the recorded blood sugars that the patient records at home to monitor their blood sugar levels. This helps in determining if the patient's diabetes is under control or if any adjustments to medication or lifestyle are needed. The nurse would also assess the patient's diet by reviewing their daily journal of food intake, as this provides information about their eating habits and helps in creating a suitable meal plan. Additionally, the nurse would assess the Hemoglobin A1C, fasting serum blood sugar, and complete lipid panel to evaluate the patient's overall diabetes management and their risk for complications.

Explanation

The nurse would assess the recorded blood sugars that the patient records at home to monitor their blood sugar levels. This helps in determining if the patient's diabetes is under control or if any adjustments to medication or lifestyle are needed. The nurse would also assess the patient's diet by reviewing their daily journal of food intake, as this provides information about their eating habits and helps in creating a suitable meal plan. Additionally, the nurse would assess the Hemoglobin A1C, fasting serum blood sugar, and complete lipid panel to evaluate the patient's overall diabetes management and their risk for complications.

Submit

10. Diabetics should soak their feet daily to keep them clean, dry them thoroughly and do a foot inspection

True

False

Washing feet daily can make the tissue soft and break down easier. Keeping them clean and dry, particularly between the toes is important. Lotion feet if they are dry but avoid between the toes.

Explanation

Washing feet daily can make the tissue soft and break down easier. Keeping them clean and dry, particularly between the toes is important. Lotion feet if they are dry but avoid between the toes.