Cosmetology State Board Test Of New Jersey Actual Test Questions (2 Of 2 Test)

Sebum is an oily substance that is secreted by the sebaceous glands. These glands are responsible for producing sebum, which helps to lubricate the skin and hair. Sebum also helps to protect the skin from drying out and acts as a barrier against bacteria and other harmful substances. Therefore, the correct answer is sebaceous glands.

Porosity refers to the ability of hair to absorb moisture. It is a measure of how easily hair can retain and absorb water or other substances. Hair with high porosity tends to absorb moisture quickly and easily, while hair with low porosity is more resistant to moisture absorption. The porosity of hair is influenced by its structure and condition, such as the cuticle layer and damage from chemical treatments or heat styling. Understanding the porosity of hair is important for choosing the right hair care products and treatments to maintain its moisture balance and overall health.

When rollers are loose, they do not have enough tension or grip to properly hold or guide the object they are meant to move. This lack of stability and control can result in a weak set, as the rollers are not able to effectively perform their intended function.

The skin is the body's largest organ because it covers the entire external surface of the body. It serves as a protective barrier against harmful substances and pathogens, regulates body temperature, and helps in the synthesis of vitamin D. The skin also contains sensory receptors that allow us to feel touch, pressure, pain, and temperature. Additionally, it plays a role in the elimination of waste products through sweat glands.

When applying makeup to go to work, it is best to enhance your best features. This means focusing on highlighting and accentuating the parts of your face that you like the most. By doing so, you can create a natural and polished look that enhances your overall appearance without being too heavy or distracting. This approach is more suitable for a professional setting as it allows you to look put-together and confident without going overboard with bright colors or heavy application.

Electrotherapy is the correct answer because it refers to the use of electrical currents for therapeutic purposes. Electronic facial treatments often involve the use of electrical devices to stimulate the facial muscles, improve circulation, and enhance the overall appearance of the skin. This term accurately describes the use of electronic devices in facial treatments, making it the most suitable option among the given choices.

Trichology is the study of hair and its disorders. It focuses on the scientific study of the structure, function, and diseases of the hair and scalp. Dermatology is the study of the skin, not specifically hair. Biology is the study of living organisms in general, not specifically hair. Hairology is not a recognized term or field of study. Therefore, trichology is the correct answer as it specifically pertains to the study of hair.

In ancient Rome, women used hair color to indicate their class in society. The color of a woman's hair was a symbol of her social status and could reflect her wealth and position in society. Women from higher classes would often dye their hair with more expensive and rare colors, such as blonde or red, while women from lower classes would have more natural hair colors. This practice allowed individuals to easily identify a woman's social standing based on her hair color.

The pH scale measures the acidity and alkalinity of a substance. It is a scale that ranges from 0 to 14, with 7 being considered neutral. A pH value below 7 indicates acidity, while a pH value above 7 indicates alkalinity. The scale is logarithmic, meaning that each unit represents a tenfold difference in acidity or alkalinity. Therefore, the correct answer is acidity and alkalinity.

Coarse hair has the largest diameter compared to fine, straight, and gray hair. This means that each individual strand of coarse hair is thicker in size. Coarse hair is often characterized by its thickness and rough texture. It is more prone to frizz and can be more difficult to manage compared to other hair types.

Alopecia is the correct answer because it refers to abnormal hair loss. Hypertrichosis is the excessive growth of hair, trichopitolosis is not a recognized term, and canities refers to the graying or whitening of hair. Therefore, alopecia is the most appropriate term to describe abnormal hair loss.

Canities is the correct answer because it is the technical term for gray hair. It refers to the loss of pigment in the hair, resulting in a gray or white color. Alopecia areata is a condition that causes hair loss, but it is not specifically related to gray hair. Pityriasis is a skin condition, and fragilitas crinium refers to hair that is brittle and prone to breakage.

Bacteria cells reproduce by simply dividing into two new cells in a process called mitosis. This process involves the replication of the bacterial DNA and the subsequent separation of the replicated DNA into two daughter cells. Mitosis is a common method of reproduction in single-celled organisms like bacteria, allowing them to increase their population rapidly.

A constant electrical current traveling in one direction only is called a direct current. In a direct current, the flow of electric charge is unidirectional, meaning it moves steadily in a single direction. This is in contrast to an alternating current, where the flow of electric charge periodically reverses direction. Faradic current refers to a specific type of electrical current used in medical treatments, and sinusoidal current refers to a type of alternating current with a smooth, wave-like shape.

Rolling the hair on base creates full volume. When the hair is rolled on base, it is lifted and positioned directly on top of the base, which creates maximum lift and volume. This technique is commonly used to achieve a voluminous hairstyle with lots of body and height. Rolling the hair on base allows the hair to be lifted away from the scalp, giving it more space to expand and create fullness.

Density refers to the number of individual hair strands on a specific area of the scalp, usually measured per square inch. It indicates how closely packed the hair strands are on the scalp. A higher density means there are more hair strands in a given area, while a lower density means there are fewer hair strands. Density is an important factor in determining the overall thickness and fullness of the hair.

Hydrogen bonds are weak attractions between a hydrogen atom and an electronegative atom, such as oxygen or nitrogen. These bonds can be easily broken by the presence of water or heat. Water molecules can disrupt the hydrogen bonds by surrounding the hydrogen-bonded molecules, causing them to separate. Similarly, heat can increase the kinetic energy of the molecules, making them move more vigorously and break the hydrogen bonds. Therefore, water or heat can easily break hydrogen bonds.

If the nail matrix is destroyed, the nail will not grow back. The nail matrix is responsible for producing new nail cells, which then grow out to form the nail plate. If it is damaged or destroyed, the production of new nail cells will be disrupted, preventing the nail from regrowing. Therefore, the absence of nail growth would be the expected outcome.

A furuncle is another term for a boil. It is a painful, pus-filled bump that forms in the skin. It is usually caused by a bacterial infection, specifically Staphylococcus aureus. The infection occurs in a hair follicle or oil gland, leading to the formation of a red, swollen, and tender lump. The term "furuncle" is commonly used in medical literature and healthcare settings to describe this specific type of skin infection.

Toupees are hairpieces that are specifically designed for individuals with severe hair loss, primarily men. However, they can also be worn by women. Toupees provide a natural-looking solution for those experiencing hair loss, as they are custom-made to match the wearer's hair color, texture, and style. They are typically attached using adhesive or clips, providing a secure and comfortable fit.

The correct answer is "noticeably thin, white nail plate and more flexible than normal." Eggshell nails refer to a condition where the nails become thin and fragile, resembling the shell of an egg. The nails may appear white and are more flexible than usual. This condition can be caused by various factors such as nutritional deficiencies, certain medical conditions, or excessive use of nail products.

Marcel Grateau is the correct answer because he is credited with developing the technique of using irons for waving and curling the hair in 1875. This technique, known as Marcel waving, revolutionized the hairstyling industry and became widely popular. Charles Nessler is known for inventing the permanent wave machine, Alexander Godefroy is known for inventing the hair dryer, and Madam C. J. Walker is known for developing hair care products for African-American women, but none of them are associated with the development of irons for waving and curling the hair.

Hair extensions are attached to the base of the hair. This means that they are secured close to the roots of the natural hair, providing a more seamless and natural look. Attaching the extensions at the base also ensures that they are securely held in place and less likely to come loose or fall out. By attaching the extensions at the base of the hair, they can blend in seamlessly with the natural hair and create the illusion of longer, fuller hair.

The hair bulb is a club-shaped structure that forms the lower part of the hair root. It is located at the base of the hair follicle and contains the dermal papilla, which is responsible for providing nutrients to the growing hair. The hair bulb is also where the hair matrix cells are located, which divide and produce new hair cells that eventually form the hair shaft. Therefore, the hair bulb is the correct answer in this case.

Water content affects nail flexibility. When nails are hydrated, they become more flexible and less prone to breakage. On the other hand, low water content can lead to dry and brittle nails, which are more likely to crack or split. Proper hydration is essential for maintaining healthy and flexible nails.

The correct answer is corkscrew shape. Spirilla is a type of bacteria that has a unique corkscrew shape. This shape allows them to move efficiently through their environment, such as in water or mucus. The corkscrew shape of spirilla is important for their mobility and survival.

In the track and sew method, hair extensions are attached to the client's scalp using on the scalp braids. This technique involves creating small braids on the scalp and sewing the hair extensions onto these braids. By attaching the extensions directly to the scalp, it provides a secure and long-lasting hold for the extensions. This method is commonly used to add volume and length to the client's natural hair.

The barber pole, symbol of the barber-surgeon, has its roots in the early practice of blood letting. Blood letting was a common medical procedure in the past, believed to balance the body's humors and treat various ailments. Barbers, who were also skilled in minor surgeries, would perform blood letting by using a sharp tool to make small incisions on the patient's body. The red and white stripes on the barber pole represent the bandages used to stem bleeding, while the pole itself was used for the patient to grip onto during the procedure.

Bacteria are one-celled microorganisms that can exhibit both plant and animal characteristics. They are prokaryotes, lacking a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. Bacteria can photosynthesize like plants, using sunlight to produce energy, or they can consume organic matter like animals. This versatility allows bacteria to occupy a wide range of habitats and play important roles in various ecological processes. Fungi, cilia, and viruses are not capable of exhibiting both plant and animal characteristics, making bacteria the correct answer.

Tinea refers to a group of fungal infections that affect the skin, hair, or nails. Ringworm of the nails, also known as onychomycosis, is a type of tinea infection that specifically affects the nails. Pterygium is a condition where the tissue grows over the cornea, while hyponychium refers to the skin beneath the free edge of the nail. Therefore, the correct answer for ringworm of the nails is tinea.

Melanonychia refers to the darkening of the finger nails or toe nails. It is a condition characterized by the presence of brown or black pigmentation in the nails. This discoloration can be caused by various factors such as trauma, medications, hormonal changes, or underlying medical conditions. Melanonychia can affect one or multiple nails and may be seen as a streak or band along the length of the nail. It is important to consult a healthcare professional for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate management of melanonychia.

When finger waving with a side part, you begin on the heavy side of the hair. This means that you start the finger waves on the side of the part where there is more hair or where the hair is styled to have more volume. This helps to create a balanced and symmetrical look when finger waving the hair.

Hair with low porosity is considered resistant because it has a tightly closed cuticle layer that prevents moisture from entering the hair shaft. This makes it difficult for water or any other substances to penetrate the hair, resulting in a resistance to external factors. Additionally, low porosity hair tends to repel product buildup, making it less prone to damage and breakage.

Hypertrichosis refers to an abnormal growth of hair on areas of the body where hair does not usually grow or excessive hair growth on normal areas. It can be either congenital or acquired, and can be localized or generalized. Pityriasis refers to a skin condition characterized by flaky patches on the skin. Alopecia refers to hair loss or baldness. Trichoptilosis refers to split ends in the hair. Therefore, hypertrichosis is the correct answer as it specifically relates to abnormal hair growth.

When shampooing a wig, it is important to use a gentle shampoo. Wigs are delicate and can be easily damaged by harsh chemicals or strong cleansing agents. A gentle shampoo is specifically formulated to be mild and gentle on the hair, making it suitable for use on wigs. It will effectively cleanse the wig without causing any damage or stripping away its natural oils. Using a gentle shampoo will help maintain the wig's quality, shine, and longevity.

Onychophagy is the technical term for the habit of biting nails. It is derived from the Greek words "onycho" meaning nail and "phagy" meaning to eat. This term specifically refers to the act of biting or chewing one's nails, which can be a common habit caused by stress, anxiety, or nervousness.

Cocci are bacteria that have a round shape. This means that they are spherical or oval in appearance. Unlike bacteria with a spiral, corkscrew, or rod shape, cocci have a characteristic circular or oval morphology. This shape allows them to easily divide and multiply, and it also affects their ability to interact with their environment and other cells.

A conductor is a substance that readily transmits electricity. It is able to allow the flow of electric current through it due to its high conductivity. Conductors typically have free electrons that are able to move easily, allowing the flow of electric charge. Examples of good conductors include metals like copper and aluminum.

The average pH of hair and skin is 5. pH is a measure of acidity or alkalinity, with values below 7 indicating acidity and values above 7 indicating alkalinity. The pH of hair and skin is slightly acidic, typically ranging from 4.5 to 5.5. This slightly acidic pH helps to maintain the natural barrier function of the skin and hair, protecting them from harmful bacteria and other external factors.

Hand tied wigs are the closest to resembling human hair growth because they are made by hand, strand by strand, onto a sheer lace base. This technique allows for a natural-looking hairline and the appearance of hair growing directly from the scalp. The individual strands are tied and knotted onto the lace, giving the wig a more realistic and breathable feel. Hand tied wigs also provide versatility in styling as the hair can be parted and styled in various directions, just like natural hair.

The correct answer is "no more than 80%". This means that when using a chemical relaxer, it is recommended to remove no more than 80% of the natural curl. This allows for some level of curl to remain, providing a more natural and balanced result. Removing more than 80% may result in overly straightened hair, which can appear unnatural and potentially cause damage.

Scalp massage increases hair growth because it stimulates blood flow to the hair follicles, which in turn promotes hair growth. Massaging the scalp helps to relax the muscles and improve circulation, allowing nutrients and oxygen to reach the hair follicles more efficiently. This increased blood flow nourishes the hair follicles, promoting healthier hair growth. Additionally, scalp massage can also help to reduce stress and tension, which can contribute to hair loss.

The correct answer is the match test. This test involves taking a small strand of hair from the wig and holding a flame to it. If the hair burns and turns to ash, it is human hair. If it melts and gives off a plastic smell, it is synthetic hair. This test is effective in distinguishing between human hair wigs and synthetic hair wigs.

The changes that occur during permanent waving, chemical relaxing, and oxidation hair coloring happen in the cortex. The cortex is the middle layer of the hair shaft and contains the pigment that gives hair its color. It is also responsible for the hair's strength, elasticity, and texture. During these chemical processes, the cortex is altered to change the hair's shape, texture, or color. The medulla, roots, and cuticle do not play a significant role in these changes.

Peptide bonds are the chemical bonds that join amino acids to each other in a protein chain. They form through a condensation reaction between the carboxyl group of one amino acid and the amino group of another. This process releases a molecule of water and creates a strong covalent bond between the two amino acids. Peptide bonds are essential for the formation and stability of proteins, as they determine the primary structure of the protein chain. Side bonds, hydrogen bonds, and salt bonds are not specifically involved in joining amino acids together.

Disulfide bonds are the strongest side bonds in the cortex. These bonds form between two cysteine amino acids, where the sulfur atoms from each cysteine bond together. Disulfide bonds are highly stable and contribute to the structural integrity of proteins in the cortex. They play a crucial role in maintaining the overall strength and resilience of the cortex, making them the strongest side bonds in this context.

A mild formula should be used on fine tinted or lightened hair because it is less harsh and less likely to cause damage or breakage. Fine hair is generally more delicate and prone to damage, so using a strong or extra strong formula could be too harsh and cause further damage. Additionally, tinted or lightened hair is already chemically treated, so using a milder formula helps to minimize the risk of over-processing and maintain the integrity of the hair.

The correct answer is wave pattern because the amount of movement in a hair strand refers to the pattern of waves it has. Wave pattern describes the shape and direction of the waves in the hair, such as straight, wavy, curly, or kinky. Density refers to the thickness or thinness of the hair strands, texture refers to the overall feel and structure of the hair, and porosity refers to the hair's ability to absorb and retain moisture. None of these options specifically describe the amount of movement in the hair strand, making wave pattern the most appropriate answer.

The cortex is the correct answer because it is the layer of the hair that contains the pigment responsible for the natural hair color. The cuticle is the outermost layer that protects the hair, the pith is the central core of the hair, and the medulla is the innermost layer that is sometimes present in hair but does not contribute to hair color.

Virgin European hair is considered top of the line for hair wigs because it is known for its high quality and natural appearance. European hair tends to have a finer texture and is less prone to tangling and frizzing compared to other types of hair. Additionally, virgin hair refers to hair that has not been chemically processed or treated, making it the most desirable for wig making as it can be easily styled and dyed to match different preferences.