Medical Term Quiz Questions Part - 24

Explanation
The flexor hallucis longus is a muscle that runs along the back of the lower leg and attaches to the big toe. It is responsible for flexing the big toe and helps to stabilize the foot during walking and running. The tendon of the flexor hallucis longus passes through a groove on the talus bone, which helps to guide its movement and prevent it from rubbing against other structures. This arrangement allows for efficient and smooth movement of the big toe, contributing to overall foot function.

Explanation
Glucagon is the correct answer because it is the hormone that increases in hypoglycemia. Hypoglycemia refers to low blood sugar levels, and glucagon is released by the pancreas to raise blood sugar levels by stimulating the liver to convert stored glycogen into glucose and release it into the bloodstream. Insulin, on the other hand, is released in response to high blood sugar levels to lower them, making it the opposite of what occurs in hypoglycemia. Gastrin and calcitonin are not directly involved in regulating blood sugar levels.

Explanation
The normal anion gap in plasma is about 15 mEq/L. Anion gap is a measure of the difference between the positively charged ions (cations) and negatively charged ions (anions) in the blood. It is used to evaluate the balance of electrolytes and detect certain medical conditions. A normal anion gap suggests that the levels of cations and anions are in balance, indicating normal electrolyte levels in the blood.

Explanation
Behcet's syndrome is associated with the HLA-B5 gene. Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genes are involved in the immune system and help distinguish between self and non-self cells. Certain HLA genes have been found to be associated with specific autoimmune diseases, including Behcet's syndrome. In this case, the presence of the HLA-B5 gene is linked to an increased risk of developing Behcet's syndrome.

Explanation
Hand, foot, and mouth disease is a viral infection that commonly affects children. It is caused by the Coxsackie A virus, which belongs to the enterovirus family. This virus is highly contagious and spreads through close contact with infected individuals or contact with contaminated surfaces. Symptoms of hand, foot, and mouth disease include fever, sore throat, mouth sores, and a rash on the hands, feet, and sometimes buttocks. While other viruses like EBV, CMV, and HSV can cause similar symptoms, Coxsackie A is the most common cause of hand, foot, and mouth disease.

Explanation
Atracurium is the correct answer because it is not hepatotoxic. Hepatotoxicity refers to the ability of a substance to cause damage to the liver. Amiodarone, Halothane, and Diclofenac are known to have hepatotoxic effects, while Atracurium does not have this adverse effect on the liver.

Explanation
The correct answer is 30 because when a bullet is fired from a distance of 30cm, the heat generated by the bullet can cause burns on the skin. The closer the distance, the more intense the heat and the higher the likelihood of burns occurring.

Explanation
Band shaped keratopathy is caused by the deposition of calcium in the cornea. This condition is characterized by the formation of a band-like opacity in the cornea, which can impair vision. Calcium can accumulate in the cornea due to various factors such as chronic inflammation, metabolic disorders, or trauma. The deposition of calcium disrupts the normal structure and function of the cornea, leading to the development of band shaped keratopathy.

Explanation
The correct answer is 10-14 days. This refers to the time it takes for the bacteria that cause leprosy to multiply and form visible colonies in laboratory culture. Leprosy is caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium leprae, and the generation time is the time it takes for the bacteria to go through one complete cycle of replication. In the case of leprosy, this generation time is relatively short, taking approximately 10-14 days for the bacteria to multiply and form visible colonies. This information is important for diagnosing and monitoring the progression of leprosy.

Explanation
The lacrimal duct does not drain into the middle meatus. Instead, it drains tears from the eye into the nasal cavity through the nasolacrimal duct, which opens into the inferior meatus. Therefore, the lacrimal duct is the odd one out among the options provided.